THEME:
ACHIEVING UNPRECEDENTED TRANSFORMATION IN A FAST-MOVING WORLD: AGENDA FOR SUB-SAHARA AFRICA
DATE:
21st May, 2015.
VENUE:
UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA TEACHING HOSPITAL CONFERENCE HALL, GWAGWALADA, FCT ABUJA.
PROCEEDINGS:
AN ANALYSIS OF OFFICIAL PERSPECTIVES OF DESERTIFICATION IN NIGERIA: IS IT TIME FOR A NEW APPROACH?
UMARU BABA, SAADATU.
School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT.
Abstract
The Nigerian government considers desertification and land degradation to be the main environmental issues affecting northern Nigerian communities and links it to poverty and food insecurity, and considerable sums of money are targeted towards it. This paper examines official understandings of desertification in at the federal and regional levels by examination of policy documents, and interviews with government officials. The government perspectives seem to follow a crisis view of the environment with a strong emphasis on human causes. This paper argues that a more nuanced view that takes into account the complexity of dryland ecology would be a better driver of policy.
Key words: Desertification, Northern Nigeria, Poverty, Deforestation
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC PROPERTIES OF BREADFRUIT SEED (Artocarpus Altilis)
ABODENYI V.A1, S.E OBETTA2 AND KAANKUKA T. P3
1Department of Agric. and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi
2,3Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture Makurdi
Abstract
Determination of some engineering properties of two varieties of breadfruit seed was carried out using standard procedures. The initial moisture content was 6.85% and later adjusted by rewetting to 14.85%, 21.85% and 28.85 %(wb). The physical properties axial dimensions, geometric mean diameter surface area, sphericity, 1000 seed weight, true density bulk density and percentage porosity were determined using standard experimental procedures. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using Minitab statistical software. Results showed variety Africana values are in the following ranges: major determiner (9.60 to 10.57mm) intermediate diameter (4.38 to 5.33mm) minor diameter (3.42 to 4.33mm). surface area (85.58 to 122.04mm2) sphericity (0.5446 to 0.5890%) 1000 seed weight 207.76 to 224.4) and bulk density (361.239 to 408.723kg/m3) while var. inversa have the following values for major diameter (7.34 to 8.26mm) intermediate diameter (3.52 to 4.2mm), (minor diameter 3.00 to 3.52mm) surface area (56.65 to 76.82mm) sphericity (0.578 to 0.599%), 1000seedweight (128.66 to 159.42g) and bulk density (317.55 to 387.64 kg/m3) as the moisture increased. True density and porosity decreased for both varieties as moisture increased. Ranging from 1033.68 to 842.81kg/m3 and 65.06 to 57.58% respectively for var. Africana; and for var. inversa; 948.38 to 911.89 kg/m3 true density and 66.57 to 57.24% for porosity. These properties increased with increase in moisture content.
Keywords; Breadfruit seed, porosity, density, geometric mean diameter, variety
ASSESSMENT OF ADMIXTURES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION [The Nigerian Context]
Dr. Engr. Gana A.J* COREN Regd**, MNSE, MNICE
*Istructe London (uk), ICE London (u.k) Civil Engineering Department College of science* and **Engineering Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State.
Abstract
Advances in the fields of science and technology are on daily increase. These advances or discoveries are as a result of research and challenges facing the humanity in different parts of the world today. Among the new discoveries in science and technology is this concrete admixture. Admixtures are defined as materials that are usually added during the mixing process of concrete in a quality not more than 5% by mass of the cement content of the concrete; to modify the properties of the mix in the fresh and or hardened state. This paper examines the sustainability of admixture in concrete construction within the Nigeria context.
Keywords:- Assessment, Admixtures, Concrete, Sustainability, Construction Content, Nigeria.
EFFECTS OF CAD SOFTWARE AND DRAFTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.
ULOKO J. O.,1 & ANDCALEB B.C.2
1Department of Civil Engineering Technology, The Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, P.M.B0231, Bauchi. Nigeria, 2Federal Polytechnic Bauchi Staff Secondary School, Bauchi, P.M.B0231, Bauchi. Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper reports the effects of Computer Aided Design CADCivil engineering construction work. Most time building, slab, bridge, road and other Civil works collapse is attributed to fake building material or poor supervision, but recently in the modern tread of Civil construction work design work are not done accurately by engineers and drafters to suit the proposed construction work, then there every tendencies that such project or work will fail or collapse. In order to achieve effectiveness, accuracy, state of the art completion, cost effectiveness, change earlier in the design, quantifying materials, reduce risk and construction costs then CAD software such asSAP 2000, Civil Master, Auto Civil, STAAD just to mention give a better picture to both the engineer and client as to what the works will entails from start to finish of which the work operators coordinate information, processes, communication, cost, and schedules of the entire work will be known as a result of the CAD use. Proper use of CAD software improves project understanding and decision making, share and use the same consistent data across the project work, respond quickly to change with processes that are smarter and faster.Which enable the engineer to Plan and manage with improved insight, Design smarter and faster with intelligent model-based tools as well as Communicate with visualization and models of the work.
Key words: CAD applications, CAD software’s, Civil works, Design, Drafting
OFFICIAL PERSPECTIVES OF DESERTIFICATION IN NIGERIA
UMARU BABA, SAADATU.
School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT. Email:
Abstract
The Nigerian government considers desertification and land degradation to be the main environmental issues affecting northern Nigerian communities and links it to poverty and food insecurity, and considerable sums of money are targeted towards it. This paper examines official understandings of desertification in at the federal and regional levels by examination of policy documents, and interviews with government officials. The government perspectives seem to follow a crisis view of the environment with a strong emphasis on human causes. This paper argues that a more nuanced view that takes into account the complexity of dryland ecology would be a better driver of policy.
Keywords: desertification, northern Nigeria, poverty, deforestation
IMPACT OF CELLULAR PHONE-BASE STATION TOWERS ON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUE IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS
ALIYU AHMAD ALIYU, IMOIKOR MONDAY & HARUNA ADAMU
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Faculty of Environmental Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Abstract
The introduction of cellular phone systems and rapid increase in the number of users of cellular phones in the last decade has increased the exposure of the population to electromagnetic field (EMFs). These towers are occasionally located in close proximity to residential houses. The research examines residents’ perceptions towards living near Cellular Phone-Base Station Towers (C.P.B.S) towers and how they evaluate the impacts of these structures, on the values of nearby residential properties. Questionnaire and interview surveys were employed in order to generate the data needed for the research. The study involved an analysis of residential property sales transaction data. The results of the research show that prices of properties decreased by just over 15%, on average, after a tower was built. This effect generally reduced with distance from the tower and was almost negligible after about 275 meters. The implication of this study is that people will to prefer live in areas where these cell phone towers are not stationed due to its consequent perceived risk. The government and the mobile cell phone service providers should take a look at this menace and work out a modality that will tremendously help in halting these perceived consequences in the near future. This will go a long way in ascribing the most deserved value to a residential property in a given neighbourhood.
Keywords: Cellular Phone-Based Towers, High-Voltage Transmission Lines, Property Value Determinants, Proximity and Residential Property Value
HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION BETWEEN DRIP GIVING SET AND PERFORATED PIPE AS EMITTER OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT HYDRAULIC HEADS
1SHERIFF B.G., 1BUNU M., 1LAMUWA G., 2GREMA L.U., AND 3ALIBE M.A
1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ramat polytechnic Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria, 2Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria & 4Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal Polytechnic Damaturu Yobe State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study evaluated the performance of drip giving set and perforated pipe as emitter of irrigation system under different hydraulic heads. A plot was equally divided into two, plot 1 and 2, and each plot was equally divided into three subunits, the subunits are named plot A, B and C. On each subunit 3 laterals with 2.4m length were laid on the ground. A plastic tank reservoirs were provided to each plot with a metal stands which suspended the tank from the ground surface, the height of the tank were varied from 0.5m,1m, and 1.5m for plot A, B and C respectively so as to vary the hydraulic heads as well as the hydraulic pressure. The system performance was tested for its water application rate, uniformity coefficient, Distribution Uniformity, manufacturing coefficient of variation and head discharge relationship. The study revealed that, the maximum discharge rate of 0.410, 0.210 and 0.200l/h for sub-plot A, B and C respectively for plot 1 and 0.544, 0.450 and 0.286 for sub-plot A, B and C respectively for plot 2 were obtained in the drip arrangement which falls within the acceptable range of 0.2 – 20 l/hr as recommended for micro-irrigation systems by many literatures. Values of Statistical coefficient of uniformity of 99%, 74% and 68% for sub-plot A, B and C of plot 1 and 69%, 68% and 65% for sub-plot A, B and C from plot 2 respectively were obtained for this system also falls within the acceptable limit except for plot 2 which fall within the very bad range.. Braklts and Kesner 1983 , defined the statistical uniformity (%) as perfect for 95-100, good for 85-90, tolerable for 75-80 , very bad for 65 – 70, unacceptable for 60% and less (ASAE 1994). The values of coefficient of variation obtained from this study are within the range of marginal to unacceptable limit for drip irrigation system. According to some literatures, the values of manufacturing coefficient of variation of less than 10% is good, 10% to 20% is average and greater than 20% is marginal to unacceptable.
Keywords: Emitter, Drip Giving Set and Perforated Pipe
IN-CORE POWER PREDICTION USING DOSE-RATE AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN THE NIGERIAN RESEARCH REACTOR-1 (NIRR-1)
JIBRIN1*,Y. V. IBRAHIM2, S.A. AGBO1, U. ILIYASU3
1Physics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NIGERIA,2Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NIGERIA, 3Physics Department, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, NIGERIA
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the in-core power prediction using dose-rate and temperature measurements in the Nigerian Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1), a low powerMNSR. In this experiment, measurements of the dose rate, inlet temperature and outlet temperature were made for three different power levels (6.2kW, 15.5kW and 31kW) at two stages: The first was immediately after the reactor start-up (0min).The second one was at 100-minutes elapsed time of the reactor operation.The data obtained from the measurements were used to monitor the in-core reactor power. The results obtained at 0min and 100min using dose rate measurement at 6.2kW, 15.5kW and 31kW were:( 6.9kW, 15.0kW and 32.3kW) and (5.3kW, 16.3kW and 29.2kW) respectively. For temperature measurement, the results obtained at 0min and 100min were: (6.5kW, 14.8kW and 28.0kW) and (7.2kW, 15.0kW and 29.0kW) respectively. The results obtained at full power (31kW) in this work compare well with 29.5kW calculated from fitting formula based on the stimulation test data during initial startup as reported in the Nigeria Research Reactor -1 Safety Analysis Report, (2005).The results obtained also compare well with the rated thermal power by the manufacturer.
Keywords: MNSR; reactor; power; dose-rate; temperature.
VOLUMETRIC TRAFFIC COUNTS ALONG SELECTED ROADS IN KATSINA TOWN, KATSINA STATE NIGERIA
1ZAINAB .M. ZAKARI, 2ZAINAB .M. DALHATU & 3IBRAHIM .B.BALARABE
1Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria
2Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria
3Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, PMB 35, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Abstract
The work aimed at determining the volumetric traffic count in some selected roads in Katsina town. The selected roads includes IBB way, Yahaya Madaki Road, Dutsinma Road and Nagoggo Road. The volumetric was conducted in selected points of the roads recording INN COMINGS and OUT GOINGS from 7am to 6pm. Urban transportation planning standards of passenger car unit of Car (1.0), Keke Napep/ Motorcycle ( 0.75), Bicycle (0.3) and Pick up Van/ Truck (3.0) was used for the conversion was used. Comparison for each stations was used as the based for the findings. The result for INN COMING shows that Station (A), (IBB) Road has the most significant records of exactly 456 Cars/ Taxis as the highest volume, while station (B) Yahaya Madaki Road has the second highest records of 450 Cars/Taxis. Station (D) Nagoggo Road road maintains the third position then station (C) Dutsinma Road retains the least. In addition, the records of Keke Napep, Bicycles and Truck/ Pick up Van. Station (A) maintains the highest across the table, follow by station (B) Yayaha Madaki Roads then Station (D) retains the second to the last in positions while Station C gets the least of the records. This demonstrates that Station (A) IBB raod is the most busiest , follow by Road ( B ) Yahaya Madaki road, the (D) Nagoggo road but the lowest records goes to Road (C) Dutsinma road. The OUTGOING records slightly differs with the Incoming, here Station (B) Road ( B ) Yahaya madaki road maintained the highest records , follow by station (A) IBB raod. But Station (C) Dutsinma road and Road (D) Nagoggo road maintains its statues as the third (3rd) position and forth (4Th) positions respectively . This is a good indicator for the planning and management of these important roads in the state. Recommendations are made based on the findings.
Keywords; Traffic count, Passenger Car Unit (PCU), Incoming , Out coming and Katsina Town
POWER LOSS AND COST DUE TO OUTDOOR LAMPS, FACTORS RESPONSIBLE AND WAY FORWARD.
LAWORE OLUFEMI MICHEAL
Affiliation: Corps Member Serving at the Polytechnic, Ibadan and Alumni of the University of Ibadan.
Abstract
This technical paper estimates the inefficient use of energy in homes due to outdoor luminaires. It correlates the energy use with income, education, attitude, cost and energy awareness. Areas that were studied were evaluated based on these criteria. Considering the fact that generation of power is still low and there is a need to generate more to distribute to homes in Nigeria. This paper makes emphasis on the need of awareness to consumers so that the efficient use of power could mean efficient use of energy so that more consumers can be reached. Methods used were survey and questionnaires which are distributed and analysis were drawn from the results of both the survey and questionnaire. The result shows that cost and awareness are the major consequence of energy inefficient lamps use in homes for outdoor lamps. Attitude and irregular supply also points to forgetfulness in switching off luminaires during daytime especially for those who leave home very early. Areas with High population of well-educated and good income are found to make use of energy savers and most of the houses do not switch on outdoor lamps during daytime while areas with less number of educated and an average income do not use more of energy efficient luminaires. From the result, an average power loss of 229.555KW was recorded from 2771 houses from an average of 3986 powered luminaires. The use of energy savers, both artificial lamps (energy saving bulbs) and Natural lamps (Sun) would save a lot of money and would ensure that adequate distribution is met and hydrocarbon emission is significantly reduced.
Keyword: luminaire, energy saver, power loss, outdoor lamps, efficiency
EFFECTS OF HYDRAULIC HEADS ON WATER APPLICATION RATE AND UNIFORMITY ON DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
1SHERIFF B.G., 1BUNU M., 2BASHIR A.U.,3GREMA L.U., AND4ALIBE M.A
1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ramat polytechnic Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria, 2Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering University of Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria & 4Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal Polytechnic DamaturuYobe State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study evaluated the performance of drip irrigation system under different hydraulic heads using hospital drip giving set as emitter. A plot was equally divided into three subunits and 3 laterals each with 2.4m length were laid on the ground. A plastic tank reservoirs were provided to each plot with a metal stands which suspended the tank from the ground surface, the height of the tank were varied from 0.5m,1m, and 1.5m for plot A, B and C respectively so as to vary the hydraulic heads as well as the hydraulic pressure. The system performance was tested for its water application rate, uniformity coefficient, Distribution Uniformity, manufacturing coefficient of variation and head discharge relationship. The study revealed that,the maximum discharge rate of 0.410, 0.210 and 0.200l/h for plot A, B and C respectively were obtained in the drip arrangement which falls within the acceptable ranges of 0.2 – 20 l/hr as recommended for micro-irrigation systems by many literatures. Values of Statistical coefficient of uniformity of 99%, 74% and 68% for plot A, B and C were obtained for this system also falls within the acceptable limit. All other parameters fall within the acceptable range except manufacturing coefficient of variation which is marginal to unacceptable range of drip irrigation system.
Keywords: Application rate, Drip irrigation, Emitter and Uniformity coefficient,
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNITY ISSUES IN MUBI THE ADAMAWA STATE EXPERIENCE
UMAR MU’AZU TADAMA1, HALIRU MU’AZU TADAMA 2 MAHMUD ABUBAKAR SULEIMAN3
1 Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, 2 Department of Geography Kaduna state University, Kaduna.& 3 Department of legal studies, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Nigeria.
Abstract
The challenge of local governments in developing countries to meet up with the responsibility and delivery of municipal solid waste services is due to a number of reasons such as lack of financial resources, inadequate community cooperation, urban population growth and economies. This has resulted to a corresponding increase of solid waste and public health crisis. This paper identifies different household management practices in the town of Mubi and examines the extent to which nuclear waste substances are managed in the community. The outcome reveals that developing countries face different waste management needs unlike industrialized countries in the day-to-day safe handling and management of radioactive waste. It is worth noting that public perception regarding waste management is different and as a result, public opinion has greatly influenced utilization and progress of radioactive waste management.
Keywords: Solid waste, Management, Mubi, local government, Adamawa state
TIME ELEMENT CONSIDERATION ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION EXECUTION PROJECTS IN NIGERIA.
ENGR. GANA A.J COREN REGD, MNSE, MNICE & ENGR. PROFESSOR J.O. AFOLAYAN
Istructe London (uk), ICE London (u.k), Civil Engineering Department College of science and Engineering Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State.
Abstract
Construction projects are time bound and all projects activities are usually directed towards the achievement of projects time objectives. In a complex project where a large number of activities are performed at different places by different agencies or task forces, with each having its own scheduled targets, a small delay in a critical activity can affect many schedules of works. Delays can alter the planned level of resources and their mobilization. Time can over runs increase overheads, reduce planned revenue from sales and also create cash inflow problems, delays in contracted projects and result in penalties, and finally affects the reputation of the construction company. Time Element consideration analysis and Evaluation for civil Engineering projects in Nigeria has done a lot in project starting, delays, and in completing various projects in the past. It is still a dynamic force in construction Industry today. This paper examines various mechanisms or Techniques for executing construction projects and other factors that are associated. The paper ended up with conclusion for Effective execution of construction projects under Time management.
Keywords:-Time Element, consideration, Analysis, Evaluation, construction projects.
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS FROM THEIR DESIGN POINT
AZIAKA D.S, ZUKBEE N.A & STEPHEN T.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rivers State Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria
Abstract
The gas turbine engine is a complex form of engine because of its application in the industry. The components of an engine needs to be designed in a way that should have a greater performance parameters and also safe to withstand the harsh conditions of environment. The engine behavior at off-design (OD) and transient condition from Design Point (DP) when subjected to different environmental conditions can never be oversized. This paper looked into the extend at which deviation from Design Point of the engine parameters occurred in the gas turbine when subjected to increase in Intake pressure recovery, Relative Humidity, Ambient Temperature and Ambient Pressure. The analysis shows the influence of the aforementioned parameters/environmental conditions on the engine parameters such as turbine exit temperature (T6), Fuel Flow, Efficiency, Rotational speed and mass flow. The software used was PYTHIA, an in-house software of Cranfield University, England with the aid of GELM2500+ engine model. From the analysis, the results shows that both the ambient temperature and Pressure has a significant effect on the engine performance as the deviation of the engine parameters from the design point is much while Relative Humidity (RH) and the intake Pressure recovery has little effect on the engine performance as the deviation of the engine parameters from Design Point is small. The power was the handle for the entire simulation. The engine at Design Point has ambient temperature deviation of -2.932, Pressure deviation of -0.032, Relative humidity of 68% and Pressure recovery of 0.9949.
Keywords: Design Point, Performance, Gas turbine, Environment
APPLICATION OF HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH: A CHALLENGE TO SUB- SAHARA TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
*AKERELE, STEPHEN SEGUN & **HAMZA A.M
*DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY (A.B.U) ZARIA. **DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION, FCT COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ZUBA
Abstract
Achieving unprecedented transformation in a fast moving world has been considered a major turnaround in the overall development of African countries in sub-Sahara region of the world. However, the importance of policy formulation and implementation towards ensuring a sustainable productivity of African citizens cannot be over emphasized. This succession depends largely on the interest of African Government to explore all the necessary potentials in enhancing the health condition of her citizens through consistent transformation policy. The paper, critically examine the application of Health Education research as a challenge to sub-Sahara Transformation process. Health Education process and transformation in a fast moving world and the impact of Health Education and transformation of human existence were also examined. The paper further discussed the strategies for policy decision in transformation process and concluded that African countries should create a wide Varity of transformation programmes that nurture the spirit of African citizen in the promotion of health programs with a view to ensuring a sustainable environment for development.
KEYWORDS: Ambience, Dynamic, Commercialization, Pragmatic, Transformation.