TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH AND ANTHROPOLOGY (TIJSSRA)
VOL. 5 (6) MAY, 2021 EDITIONS. ISSN: 2977-5745
Published by:
TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS,
Centre for African Development Studies,
Ministry of Education, Abuja, FCT-Nigeria.
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES CONFRONTING MUSLIM STUDENT-MOTHERS IN GOMBE STATE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF KASHERE, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA)
*ADAMU ABUBAKAR MUHAMMAD; & **IBRAHIM DAHIRU IDRISS
*Department of Religious Studies, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria. **Department of Primary Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Potiskum, Yobe State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to identify the domestic and academic challenges that are confronting Muslim student-mothers in Gombe state tertiary institutions. A qualitative approach was adopted for this study. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 30 respondents from a group of Muslim student-mothers in Federal University of Kashere. It was observed that difficulty in caring for their family members at home due to school activities was their major domestic challenge and loaded academic work that had to be accomplished within a short time frame was their major academic challenge. The causes of these challenges were identified as financial constraints and the performance of their marital responsibilities at home as married women. The respondents expressed that these challenges led to low concentration during lectures and low academic performance at the end of school year. The research suggests that minimizing the pressure from their households, issue of gender discrimination and reducing the number of programs that had to be covered at the University can help them cope with the situation.
Keywords: Challenges, Domestic, Academic, Muslims, student-mothers, institutions, Nigeria.
RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS AND THE FIGHT AGAINST SPREAD OF COVID 19 IN NIGERIA
*ANTHONY CHUKWUEBUKA OKOYE; & **IFEANYI OBULOR, Ph.D
*Department of Political Science, Federal University Otuoke Bayelsa State. **Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), Eastern Zonal Oficce, Port Harcout, Rivers State.
ABSTRACT
Truth be told, religion have provided motives for men to act in ways that were both immoral and contrary to their self-interest. Just as it have served an independent causal factor that leads to conflict; as evidenced in various religious induced violence in Nigeria. At the same time, religion equally serve as an instrument of conflict resolution, national development and humanitarian interventions going the numerous roles played by religious leaders, Faith Based Organisations (FBOs) and religious bodies in conflict zones as well as places that require humanitarian interventions. This study examines the role played by the religious organizations in the country in the first against Covid-19 in Nigeria especially during the lockdown. Despite, problematising reactions of some religious leaders, towards the state-imposed lockdown guidelines for preventing the spread of Covid-19 virus in the country The study argued that religious leaders and religious organizations contributed immensely through their donations both in cash, materials, food, information, directives, and facilities, etc. It concludes that religious leaders and religious organization constitute veritable instrument for social control. Hence, the state needs partner with them in order to ensure that the curve is flattened in parlor. The study made practical recommendations for combating spread of the virus,
Keywords: Covid 19, religious leaders and organization. Palliative, lockdown, guidelines
LEGAL REGIMES ON OIL THEFT: HOW ADEQUATE IN NIGERIA?
CO OKWELUM PhD
Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro
ABSTRACT
Regulating petroleum oil business in Nigeria has been of great concern to the State and the industry due to its licentious stealing in the delta region. Because oil plays a significant role in the economic resources of Nigeria and the world at large, its regulation has become of paramount importance to the State. The industry which is mainly dominated by multinationals has a great influence in the determination of the legal regimes. This paper which adopts doctrinal method argues that two main regulatory instruments at the disposal of the State are coercion and licencing. The coercive regimes have seen the promulgation of statutory instruments that stipulate various terms of imprisonment including death penalty and life imprisonment. Fines and forfeiture to the Federal Government of tools of labour and operations have not been left out. The coercive regimes have been leveraged upon by the State to institute armed patrol teams in the likes of the Joint Military Task Force (JMTF). Licence is usually evidenced in documentary certificate permitting an outfit to establish a refinery upon an application. Any act with respect to dealing with petroleum oil without a licence is unlawful. Motley of licencing regimes has equally been instituted under the Guidelines for the Establishment of Hydrocarbon Processing Plant (Refineries and Petrochemicals) in Nigeria. These include but are not limited to Approval to Establish (ATE), Approval to Construct (ATC), Licence to Establish (LTE), Licence to Operate (LTO) and Permission to Operate (PTO). This paper finds that these approvals and licences are one too many. Evidence has shown in practice that both coercive and licencing regimes have encumbered the operations and scuttled the success stories of these indigenous refineries that they came into existence to midwife and regulate. They are suggested to be reviewed.
Keywords: legal regimes, oil theft, JMTF, indigenous refineries, licences
GENDER DISCRIMINATION WITHIN THE FAMILY CIRCLE: A CRITICAL ENQUIRY INTO THE EPITHETS AGAINST THE FEMALE GENDER IN UGWULANGWU COMMUNITY.
AJA ANGELA NNENWOGO; & DR. IKUELOGBON KEHINDE,
Languages and Literary Studies Department, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State.
ABSTRACT
This study is a critical discourse analysis of the epithets used against the female gender within the family circle in Ugwulangwu (a community in Ohaozara Local Government Area of Ebonyi, State Nigeria). The study employed the socio-cultural practice of Fairclough and Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive framework to investigate the epithets used against the females within the family in Ugwulangwu community. The study discovered that within the family, there are more than thirty epithets which are used to shut down the females and make their presence inconsequential or unimportant. These discriminatory epithets are so much ingrained in the sub-consciousness of the people such that they are seen as norm. Some of these epithets are coined by women themselves. They do this in order to ‘preserve the culture’ without knowing that they are being ‘used’ by the males.
Keywords: gender, discrimination, family circle, critical enquiry, epithets.
CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN POST COLONIAL AFRICA: A STUDY ON PROBLEMS OF SURVIVAL IN NIGERIA
BABA YAHAYA
Department of History and International Studies Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai
ABSTRACT
The Nigeria society has been undergoing changes at an unprecedented rate. These changes occur in the political, economic and social life of the nation. Sometimes, these changes occur so rapidly, that most Nigerians have found it very difficult to keep pace. In the last twenty years, Nigerians has witnessed the most traumatic changes especially in the economic and social life of the nation under democratic dispensation. Individuals within the nation have found it difficult to survive the hardships that have come with these changes. In fact, the situation has reached a point which threatening the survival of the country as a nation.
Keywords: Development, Post Colonial Africa, Study, Problems, Survival In Nigeria.
EFFECT OF MEDIA INTERVENTION ON KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE-INTENTION OF CHILD EMOTIONAL ABUSE PREVENTION AMONG PARENTS IN IKENNE, OGUN STATE
JOHNSON BABAFEMI AKINTAYO & ENIOLA ZAINAB IDOWU
Department of Mass Communication Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Emotional abuse has thrived and is still gaining grounds, with its perpetrators being parents, guardians and caregivers who constantly abuse children emotionally. Due to its prevalence and the severity of its effect on victims, emotional abuse should be at the forefront of all media reports on child abuse. This study examined the effect of media intervention on knowledge and practice-intention of child emotional abuse prevention among parents in Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria using the quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. A sample size of 120 parents within the age range of 20-49 years who have children of age 3-17 were exposed to a total of five video messages on emotional abuse using television for a period of five weeks. A validated questionnaire was administered to respondents pre and post media intervention. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, frequency counts, mean and standard deviation were the descriptive tools, while paired sample T-test was the inferential analysis tool used for determining the significant difference in the experimental and control groups’ knowledge and practice-intention of emotional abuse among parents before and after the intervention. Findings revealed that knowledge of emotional abuse among parents increased and that they had a high intention to prevent the practices of emotional abuse after exposure to video messages. Consequently, it is concluded that lack of knowledge and understanding to what constitutes emotional abuse is based on dearth of information among participants.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice-Intention, Emotional Abuse, Media Intervention
A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED 2019 NIGERIAN GUBERNATORIAL ELECTIONEERING SLOGANS
OGUNBIYI, BABAJIDE; & ABIOLA S. KALEJAIYE (PhD)
Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State.
ABSTRACT
Language is a tool of politics. Hence, literature is fraught with different linguistic studies on the nature and functions of political language. However, only a dearth of study exists on the language of political slogans. Hence, this work syntactically studied the gubernatorial slogans of the ruling political party in Nigeria (All Progressives Congress) with a view to discovering the kind of grammatical structures mostly exploited for the slogans and why? Systemic Functional Grammar was employed as the theoretical framework and with that, the grammatical structures of fifteen (15) 2019 APC gubernatorial slogans of aspirants that won the election were analysed. Findings revealed that majority of the APC slogans were nominal groups, which meant that the slogans focused on more on portrayal of aspirant’s personality and through that persuade and convince the electorate to see the aspirants as the most excellent. Therefore, the study concluded that the structure of political slogans is exploited to essentially to implicitly condition the feelings of electorates’ and to influence them. Hence, this paper recommends that electorates and the entire citizenry of Nigeria should be wary and sensitive to political language which politicians often exploit for selfish motives.
Keywords: Systemic Functional Grammar, Political Slogans, Political Parties.
THE IMPEDIMENTS TO TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS DURING PANDEMIC IN EDO STATE
DR ANTHONY EMHENYA IYOHA
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Edo State University, Uzairue
ABSTRACT
This study examine the impediments to training and development programme in Nigerian Tertiary institutions Edo state, as a case study . It is of the view that training plays important role in the performance of worker. It is believed that when workers are properly trained, they put their skill and knowledge towards the realization of the organization objectives. Data were gathered through questionnaire administered on respondents which were analyzed with simple percentage and chi-square method. Result showed that there is significant benefit from the training and development of workers to the organisation. The researcher therefore recommended that organization should fashion out an appropriate training programme for each categories of the employee that need to be trained despite covid 19 pandemic.
Keywords: Training, Development, Impediments, Tertiary institution, Training needs
IMPACT OF COLONIALISM ON GENDER, LAND AND LABOUR RELATIONS IN AFRICA
AKWANGA YUSUF BELLO
National Defence College, Abuja. (Post-Graduate School, Department of History and International Studies, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria).
ABSTRACT
Although pre-colonial Africa experienced gender, land and labour issues, colonialism ushered in the new phases and worsened the extant issues. From historical perspective, this paper describes how colonialism laid deep foundation for the ageing endemic gender, land and labour issues plaguing contemporary Africa. The extent of these issues had also been heightened by colonialism. The colonialists brought their chronic sharp gender and racial discrimination orientations, practices and methods into Africa. Next, they hijacked African land and made with various portions whatever they liked. They went further to make obnoxious policies prohibiting the natives from due ownership of land in their own fatherland. And, they resorted to forced labour to get Africans work for them in various alien sectors that came with colonialism. In conclusion, upon examination of these events, it is obvious that there had been a radical change from the pre-colonial African gender, land and labour issues to those brought by colonialism, and most of the changes still exist in and bedevil contemporary Africa.
Keywords: Colonialism, Gender, Land, Labour Relations, Africa
CONTRASTIVE AND ERROR ANALYSIS ISOKO L2 ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH PHONEMES
EFE, E.C.
Department of Arts & Humanities, School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study examines the contrastive and error analysis of English and Isoko learners/speakers of English with the aim of showing predictable phonological areas that might cause problems and areas that they might find less problematic. The data used for the study were obtained from some selected secondary school students and tertiary educated speakers of both English and Isoko (notable speakers of Uzere dialect of Isoko.) Interviews were recorded and later analysed. The choice models for the study is taxonomic phonology and Contrastive Analysis (CA) focusing on the segmental phonology of both languages. After the analysis of collected data, the researcher found out that English and Isoko share the following phonemes /p b t d k g m n f v s z h ʧ X l ä w j I E U/ and learners/speakers do not have problem with these areas of similarities. The following consonant phoneme /ŋ T D S Z/ occur in English but not in Isoko. Isoko language do have long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs as in English. These areas of differences cause difficulties for Isoko speakers and learners of English. This leads to substitution of sounds to cover up for the standing gaps. In general, the pronunciation difficulties arise from phonological differences between English and Isoko. The researcher recommends that Isoko teachers and learners of English should pay attention to areas of difficulties.
Keywords: Contrastive, analysis, difficulties, similarities, phonemes, substitution, L2 acquisition.
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: A TOOL FOR WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN NIGERIA
OKUNLOLA KAFILAT ASAKE AND OKUNOLA ADAFIN A. OLAIYA
Department of Hospitality Management, School of Applied and Natural Sciences, the Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 55, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Hospitality industry is considered as one of the world’s largest economic activities today. The Draft hospitality industry is an important instrument for sustainable human development including poverty alleviation, employment generation, environment regeneration and advancement of women. The contribution of women in the business world has increased in recent years, although women are underrepresented in management and leadership. In the hospitality industry, the percentage of women who work in the industry is high, but their function is dominated by unskilled, low-paid jobs. The hospitality industry definitely provides various entry points for women’s employment and opportunities for creating self-employment in small and medium sized income generating activities. In recent years the increased number of women in the hospitality industry and their underrepresentation has made women’s status in industry a great concern. This paper aims to examine Hospitality industry as a tool for women’s empowerment in Nigeria. In addition, the paper discusses the perceived factors that facilitate and constrain women’s in the industry. The paper also attempts to explain the need for approaching the Hospitality industry sector as mechanism for women empowerment. It also explains the importance and benefits that arise from women empowerment and highlights the essential element of empowerments. The paper concludes that, Hospitality sector in the Nigeria could play an important role in creating a more equitable environment for women advancement.
Keywords: Hospitality, Management, Empowerment, Polytechnic, Education.
STATE-LOCAL RELATIONS AND CARETAKER COMMITTEE SYSTEM IN OYO STATE
RASHEED, ISAU OLAGOKE
Department of Political Science, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo
ABSTRACT
The paper examines state-local relations as a necessary mechanism designed to promote cooperation, manage conflicts, respond to changing circumstances and deliver services efficiently in a federation. Unfortunately, democratic rule has reinforced the status of state controls as state governors adopt caretaker committees through which local government allocations are delayed, diverted, withheld or filtered. To undertake an investigation of the unwholesome development, a sample of 100 respondents was randomly selected from different categories of people. The use of descriptive survey guided this study. Relying on empirical method of analysis, a self-designed questionnaire was administered to collect data just as Chi-square test was used in testing the hypotheses. The findings indicate that state management of the relations is seen to be dictated and self-interested. The respondents acknowledged that the transition committees at local levels are subjected to greater control and manipulation by state officials. As a consequence, social service delivery is adversely affected in the locality. Based on this, the paper recommends that periodic elections be held at local councils; local council autonomy entrenched; and proper monitoring by central government of the spending patterns of state governors.
Keywords: Federalism, intergovernmental relations, constitution, local governance, democracy.
AN INVENTORY OF DIFFERENT YORUBA TRADITIONAL ATTIRES TO TOURISM FOR TRAINING AND STUDIES IN HISTORY, HERITAGE AND CULTURE
AMINA BATA ZOAKAH; RUBEN ALAGI OGBENYA; AND BELLO MOHAMMED GWAGWADA
Department of Leisure and Tourism Management, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi
ABSTRACT
This study examined the various Yoruba traditional attires in south western part of Nigeria (Lagos, Oyo, Ogun, Osun Ondo and Ekiti State). The research work employed descriptive method of analysis. An inductive methodology involving observation, collection of primary data and the analysis of such data was employed. To complement this approach, percentage was also used. To this end, a lot was devoted to the presentation and analysis of data obtained from questionnaire and conducted interview. The research work therefore, identifies various Yoruba traditional attires that can be collected for tourism studies as revealed in these data. It was discovered that Yoruba people has a lot of traditional attires i.e. Ofi, Aso-Oke, Sanya, Etu amongst others which can be used for tourism studies but due to the modern-day wears, the textile industries in Nigeria are not functional and as such pose a limitation to the production of Yoruba attires. Among other recommendations, the research work recommends that textile industry should be given more attention in Nigeria, so as to produce more traditional attires for tourism studies.
Keywords: Traditional Attire, Heritage, Yoruba, Tourism, Training.
THE IMPACT ON COVID-19 LOCKDOWN REGULATIONS ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
*ISHAQ HASSAN ABUBAKAR; *DAUDA NATHAN JAMIYAL; *AUWAL AHMED MAGAJI; *YUNUSA SABO MOHAMMED; & **USMAN ALI
*Department of General Studies, Gombe State Polytechnic, Bajoga. **Library Unit, Gombe State Polytechnic, Bajoga.
ABSTRACT
This paper analyzes the economic impacts of the COVID-19 lock down regulations in Nigeria. The pandemic’s global reach and impact on the global economy combined with the response policies in Nigeria represent a large, sudden shock to the country’s economy. Our analysis focuses on the five-week lockdown implemented by the federal government across some selected states from late March to early May 2020. We estimate that during the lockdown periods Nigeria’s GDP suffered a 34.1 percent loss due to COVID-19, amounting to USD 16 billion, with two-thirds of the losses coming from the services sector. The agriculture sector, which serves as the primary means of livelihood for most Nigerians, suffered a 13.1 percent loss in output (USD 1.2 billion). Although primary agricultural activities were excluded from the direct restrictions on economic activities imposed in the lockdown zones, the broader agri-food system was affected indirectly because of its linkages with the rest of the economy. We estimate that households lost on average 33 percent of their incomes during the period, with the heaviest losses occurring for rural non-farm and for urban households. The economic impacts of COVID-19 include a 14-percentage point temporary increase in the poverty headcount rate for Nigeria, implying that 27 million additional people fell below the poverty line during lockdown. Lastly, we consider economic recovery scenarios as the COVID-19 policies are being relaxed during the latter part of 2020. We recommended that there should be researches on COVID-19, distribution of Palliatives, increase in the agri-food system beyond subsistence farming etc.
Keywords: Impact, COVID-19, Lockdown, Regulations, Nigerian Economy.
THE JOURNALIST AND SOCIAL BURDEN: A CRITIQUE OF MODE OF COVID -19 REPORT
KABIRU IDRIS MUHAMMAD
Department of Mass Communication, School of General Studies, Kano State, Polytechnic
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the impact of mass media in capturing and disseminating Covid -19 related news. It also critiques the looming challenges that bedevil a Covid -19 reporter amidst the unprecedented spread of the virus. The paper further argues that a journalist should be patriot in reporting Covid -19 news objectively. This is for reason that Covid-19 is a global infectious disease that has affected many millions of people in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic on Jan 30, 2020, given its rising alarm on international public health concerns for it. Infact, it creates a public worry and force the general public to seek help from the most accessible ways available to them to keeping them informed about the effect of the virus as well as precautionary measures they would adopt in curtailing the spread of the virus. For most people, it is either the internet or media, which includes print, as well as broadcast options. In this way, the paper brings to the fore certain guiding light that will aid the reporter to unburden his civic responsibility as well as clinging onto his professional expertise as well as acumen in relaying covid – 19 news. Some reporters shy away from their responsibility in giving authentic and reliable story, because of their sentimental whims. The virus is life-threatening in that care must be taken in revealing all coverage of disease by a journalist or a reporter. The paper offers some recommendations on how to improve in curtailing the disease and conclusion is given as well.
Keywords: Journalist, Covid – 19 Report, critique, social burden and news.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN; ITS EFFECT ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
OHIOMAH SIMEON SULEMAN
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Auchi, Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State
ABSTRACT
In an unprecedented global pandemic, the corona virus has continues to spread throughout the globe, placing health of various countries under challenge and the systems under severe stress in the battle to save lives. The human effect of this tragedy is set to worsen as the virus spreads to lower income countries with weaker and poor healthcare infrastructure to contain the virus and the attendant health issues. Nigeria, like other countries of the world has begun canceling events, flights, and virtually everything that requires social, official, and religious gatherings to curb the spread of the virus. Thus, from the impact of these measures, Nigeria’s fragile economy is facing collapse as it largely depends on oil exports. To mitigate the situation and enable business continuity in Nigeria, the Central Bank of Nigeria in its Banker’s Committee Meeting announced policy measures such as the additional moratorium of one year on CBN intervention facilities, interest rate reduction on intervention facilities from 9% to 5%; the activation of the N1.5 trillion InfraCo Project for building critical infrastructure; the strengthening of lending to deposit ratio policy, additional N100 Billion naira intervention in healthcare loans to pharmaceutical companies; and the N1 trillion loan to boost local manufacturing and production across critical sectors. What is clear is that the virus and its aftermath look likely to be with us for some time.
Keyword: Covid – 19, epidemic, virus, economy, lock down, healthcare
AWARENESS LEVEL OF HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
*LAMI, GIRMACHE DARANGI1; & **PROF. G. B. EWENIYI2
*College of Nursing Sciences, School of Midwifery Minna. **Faculty of Education and Arts, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Niger State
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to ascertain the awareness level of hypertension among adults in Minna Metropolis, Niger state, Nigeria. Expo-factor research design was used for the study. The population for the study was 5073 while the sample size for the study was three hundred and sixty five (365) adults. Questionnaire was used to obtain data. The instrument was validated by five experts and the reliability index of 0.86 was determined using test-retest method. Frequency counts, simple percentages mean and t-test statistics were used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that: their was high level of awareness regarding the signs and symptoms of hypertension among adults; adults exhibited high level of knowledge regarding risk factors of hypertension and there was high level of knowledge regarding preventive measures of hypertension. Adults aged above 30 had high level of awareness of various dimensions of hypertension except that of signs and symptoms in which the level of knowledge was moderate level of knowledge according to age. Female adults’ level of knowledge was high compared to that of their male counterpart. Adults with no formal education had moderate level of knowledge in the various dimensions of hypertension. There was significant difference in the level of awareness of hypertension among adults according to age, sex and level of education. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that adults had moderate level of awareness regarding the signs and symptoms of hypertension; they also had high level of awareness regarding the risk factors of hypertension and high level of awareness regarding the preventive measures of hypertension. Among other recommendations made were: Government and voluntary health agencies should sponsor intensive enlightenment campaign through print and electronic media in order to sustain the knowledge level of adults on hypertension and its complications
Keywords: Awareness, hypertension, Signs and Symptoms, Blood-pressure, Risk Factors, Preventive Measures