TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (TIJSRAT)
VOL. 5 (9) MAY, 2021 EDITIONS. ISSN: 2623-7861
Published by:
TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS,
Centre for African Development Studies,
Ministry of Education, Abuja, FCT-Nigeria.
PHYSIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF CASHEW SHELL OIL, FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION WITH SULPHATED ZIRCONIA SUPPORTED ALUMINA CATALYST
OWOLABI OMOWUNMI PATRICIA; E. J. ETERIGHO PHD; & DAVID DAKUP GEORGE.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
In these times of global market uncertainties and harsh economic realities, the world needs energy in increasing quantity for both domestic and industrial purposes. With the world’s population rapidly increasing, energy will go a long way in enhancing economic and social progress. In this study, Cashew nut samples were collected from Kure Market, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. The samples were then pretreated and analyzed to determine the chemical and physical properties as well as their suitability for use in producing biodiesel. From the results, the saponification value was 144.28 mgKOH/g; the free fatty acid was 7.35 mgKOH/g; the refractive index was 1.464; the pour point was 3.00 0C; the kinematic viscosity was 62.20 mm2/s. Consequently, the cashew nuts obtained and analyzed will give a good yield in biodiesel production.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Cashew nuts, Saponification, Kinematic viscosity, Energy.
APPLICATION OF HUNGARIAN METHOD IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF PERSONAL ASSIGNMENT MODEL INVOLVING COURSE ALLOCATION
EGHAREVBA, AIMUAMWOSA JULIA1 & OJEKUDO NATHANIEL AKPOFURE (PhD)2
1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt Rivers States, Nigeria. 2Department of Computer Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt Rivers States, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Assignment problem is an important linear programming model that is employed in allocating resources. This study uses the Hungarian method of the assignment problem to solve the problem of course allocation to Computer science department in Ignatius Ajuru University of Education River State so as to maximize the lecturer’s effectiveness. The lecturers were graded according to their capability in taking the courses. This study shows that the use of assignment problem in course allocation we embraced significant of 7,5% boast in lecturers’ effectiveness in computer science courses. The study suggested the use of assignment model we go a long way to improve the standard of education in our university if employed by our tertiary institutions.
Keywords: Hungarian method, Optimization, Assignment, Course allocation, Lecturers.
CLOUD-BASED DATA MANAGEMENT SECURITY MODELS
*SHEHU ABDULWAHAB; **KABIRU IBRAHIM MUSA (PhD); & ***AHMADU MAIDORAWA {NOTE:1}
*Department of Information Technology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria. **Department of Management and Information Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria. ***Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The advents of Computing have led to the evolutions of large data. However, the availability of these large data can no longer be effectively stored and analyzed with traditional data management techniques. This brought about the emergence of Cloud Based computing that are used to process large-scale data management tasks efficiently with least cost. Despite this development security and privacy are issues of concern. This Study explores a cloud based data Management security models that maintain both data and user privacy using File Encryption/Decryption using AES algorithm and Role based access control respectively. The study adopts a Model Design and Simulation-based approach using Java API 8.2 and CloudSim 3.0 respectively to implement the security components: where Response time, latency and throughput were determined. The experiment values reached demonstrates a fast performance Role based Access control and AES File Encryption technique. General analysis shows that the models exhibit highly secured approach for organizations to overcome large data management and computing benefits of cloud computing. Testing the performance of the framework with more complicated data, security threats, and bandwidth/memory were recommended for further studies.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Role-Based Access Control and Advanced Encryption Scheme (AES).
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTHFUL SCHOOL LIVING AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTHERN STATES, NIGERIA
ALIYU, M.; BIU, A.A.; BELLO, A.U.; & SULEIMAN, M.A.
Department human kinetics and health Education, Ahmadu Bello University. Zaria.
ABSTRACT
The study assesses the knowledge of Healthful school living among senior secondary school student in Northern state Nigeria. Ex-post facto design, which is a non-experimental design was used for the study. 2,482 respondents were randomly sampled for the study, 2480 copies of questionnaire were returned, using multistage sampling techniques. A modified four (4) point Likert measuring scale format was used to collect data. Pilot study was carried out to test for validity and reliability of the instrument to be administered. Descriptive statistics of frequency count, percentages were used to answer the research question, while inferential statistics of One sampled t-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The analysis was conducted with decision criterion of 0.05 alpha level of significance. Results of study revealed that, Knowledge of senior secondary school students towards healthful school living was high, (P-vale 0.001). Based on the conclusion, the following recommendations were made; Health promotion and education programme should be emphasized on by the government at all level especially in the senior secondary schools’ students in Northern states, Nigeria, teaching of health education in senior secondary schools in Northern states, Nigeria should be improved and school authorities must ensure that, adequate space and conducive environment is provided for students to enable teaching and learning.
KEYWORDS: knowledge, healthful-school, students and Nigeria.
COVID -19 IMPACT ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND STRATEGIC RESPONSE MEASURES: A CASE OF ACCESS BANK NIGERIA PLC.
ADIM, CHIDIEBERE VICTOR; & MEZEH, AKPOBOLOKAMI ANDY
Department of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak and spread of covid-19 disease have resulted in countries of the world placing travel restrictions and closure of their borders to movements to and from other countries. This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on Nigeria’s banking industry specifically Access Bank Nigeria Plc. as well as their strategic response measure. The secondary research methodology was largely adopted for this study. Data for the study was generated from desk review of secondary materials, online blogs and news reports. Several pieces of literature, journal articles, research or thesis paper, government documents, etc., were considered to collect the necessary information for the study. Also, webinar sessions were used to source relevant information. Interviews of some key managers were conducted via phone calls through social media chats and personal visits. The data generated were analysed using content analysis. The research findings show that the occurrence of Corona virus in China has significant impacts all across the globe. Findings of the study reveal that the outbreak and spread of covid-19 disease led to rapid shutdowns in cities and states across the country, which greatly affected the tourism industry. During the lockdown necessitated by the pandemic the banking industry faced declining demand and patronage with travel crashes and cancellations. Findings show a prolong prognosis of COVID-19, the study therefore recommends that since banks are at the front-line of the economic disruption brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential for banks to strengthen their operational resilience and business continuity planning to weather this storm by transforming their payment platforms to be in tandem with the digital economy realities foist upon all sectors by the pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, Lockdown Strategy, Banking Industry, Social Distancing
DETERMINATION OF RADIATION EXPOSURE LEVEL IN THE VICINITY OF CELL PHONE TOWERS, IN KALTUNGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
HANKOURAOU SEYDOU [1], MUSA ISHAYASHARPSON [2] and HAMZA ABUBAKAR HAMZA [3]
[1,3]Department of Physics, Gombe State University, Gombe. [2]College of Health Sciences and Technology, Kaltungo, Gombe State
ABSTRACT
Radiation exposure impacts and effects are inescapable feature of life on earth. Living things are exposed to both natural and man-made radiations. Every second of our life, we are exposed to different/various forms of radiation such as ultra-violet light from the sun, electromagnetic radiation produced by tower based stations, cellular phones, electrical appliances, wiring in buildings, and a slew of other technologies that are part of human life. The aim of this work is to determine the level of radiation (alpha, beta and gamma) exposure in the vicinity of cell phone towers (mast) in Kaltungo LGA area. This was done using a Geiger-Muller counter designed and manufactured by Industrial Equipment & Control PTY. LTD., Australia. Measurements were carried out on ten different masts cited in Kaltungo LGA where measurements of 200 data points were carried out by positioning the Geiger-Muller counter at five various distances of 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m and 50m to the masts from four different directions surrounding the tower and the mean value was considered. The study showed that the level of radiation exposure around all the ten masts is within the permissible limit of 1mSv/yr for the public. The radiation dose obtained was in the following ranges: 245.28 to 60.26, 659.92 to 181.04 and 1769.50 to 356.24μSv/yr for alpha beta and gamma radiations respectively. Higher levels of radiation are obtained at distances close to the towers. The annual effective dose values are mostly within tolerable level limit of 1mSv, recommended by ICRP. The cancer risk values of radiation were found in the range of 1.77 × 10-3 to 1.43 × 10-3. These values of excess lifetime cancer risk were higher than the world value of 2.9 × 10-4, given by the United State Environmental Protection Guidelines. Generally the dose values obtained were within the tolerable limit, implying less risk to the inhabitants.
MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF SLICED WATERMELON, PINEAPPLE AND PAWPAW FROM FIVE LOCATION MARKETS IN ILORIN
TAOFEEQ OLANREWAJU ABDULKAREEM
Microbiology Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The microbial contamination of ready-to-eat vended fruits in Ilorin market was examined using standard microbiological methods. A total of fifteen (15) samples of vended fruits were screened for total bacterial and fungal count. From examination five (5) bacterial species were isolated namely: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp and Pseudomonas sp while one (1) fungal species, Mucor sp, was isolated from the vended fruit samples. The total aerobic plate count ranged from 1.50±0.50 – 25.00±3.00 CFU ml-1 with Pawpaw having the highest count and Pineapple having the lowest count. The isolated organisms from the vended fruits showed that contamination occurred due to poor hygiene and environmental factors like contaminated air. Therefore adequate tutorials on sanitary practices on both individuals and environment should be encouraged by concerned government officials to reduce the level of contamination in vended fruits.
Keywords: Watermelon, Pineapple, Pawpaw, Samonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas, Amoxicillin, Penicillin, Ciproflovacin and Cephalosporin.
ANALYSIS OF CONTRIBUTION OF SELECTED RISK FACTORS TO CHOLERA USING MULTIPLE AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL
BOLANLE, A. OSENI1, JONATHAN, O. ADEDOKUN2, OLAWALE, B. FADIORA3; & BUSUYI, G. OGUNSANYA4
1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, the Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2Department of Public Administration, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti-State. Nigeria. 3Deparment of Computer Science, the Polytechnic, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. 4Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Cholera remains a global threat to public health and one of the key indicators of social development. While the disease is no longer an issue in countries where minimum hygiene standard are met, it remains a threat in almost every developing country like Nigeria. This research work examines the contribution of each risk factor for the occurrence of Cholera diseases in Ibadan Metropolis. Multiples regression and Logistic Regression model are the statistical tools employed. Test of individual parameter and joint significant of the explanatory variables were carried out to check for the adequacy of the fitted model. The result concluded that the factors are significantly contributed to the prevalence of Cholera disease. Kernel density estimate and Pnorm were plotted to check for normality in sample. Finally, it was discovered that all the explanatory variables can be related to the occurrence of Cholera disease.
Keywords: Odds-Ratio, Logistic-regression, eatiology, Explanatory variables, Communicable disease.
EFFECT OF THINNING TIME AND PLANT DENSITY ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolar L. Moench) IN BAUCHI, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA
1HARUNA Y, 2BADI S. H , 1YUNUSA M.M AND 1ADAMU ABUBAKAR
1Department of Agricultural Technology Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State ,Nigeria 2Department of Horticultural Technology College of Agriculture Garkawa Plateau State Nigeria
ABSTRACT
A research was conducted at the Teaching and research farm of Bauchi state college of agriculture to investigate the effect of thinning time and plant density on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Bauchi is located in the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria between Latitude (10o25’N and 9o51’E). The research was conducted during the 2018 rainy season on the variety SK5912.The treatments consisted of three thinning times (2,4 and 6weeks after sowing) and four plant densities (1stand/hill or 53,333 plants/ha, 2 stands/hill or106,666 plants/ha, 3stands/hill or 159,999 plants/hill and 4plants /hill or 213,332 plants/ha) which were factorially combined, laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Results showed that thinning early at two weeks after planting and 1plant/hill significantly (P≤ 0.01) yielded taller plants, maximum number of leaves , leaf area, stem girth, panicle weight panicle length, number of spikelet/spike, grain yield per hectare of sorghum than 4 and 6 weeks after planting. Plant density and thinning time of 1plant and two weeks after planting interacted significantly (P≤ 0.01) with the growth and yield of sorghum. It is therefore concluded that the adoption of thinning early at two weeks and the maintenance of 1 plant/ stand will give more grain yield in the study area.
Keywords: Effect, thinning time, plant density, growth, yield, Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench).
APPLICATION OF AND COMPUTING FEASIBLE UNIQUE SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING DETERMINISTICALLY; MATLAB ALGORITHMS
DICKSON, J. N1., OJEKUDO, N.A2.
1Mathematics Department, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ignetus Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers’ State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study invested on the application of and computing feasible unique solutions of linear programming deterministically. Algebraic analytical calculations and matlab algorithms model were applied in computing the results. The choice of matlab algorithms was made because it is uniquely designed for matrix computations especially in solving systems of linear equations and its ability to create concise codes. The objective of the study is to identify the feasible unique solutions of linear programming that corresponds with the initial state and input. The study reveal that the best feasibly solutions of linear programming occurs at the point where the two decision variables have positive values. Hence, several feasible corner points that maximize the objective function were discovered. The best corner point that produces the best objective function that is corresponding to the specified value of the constraint value of 18 is identified at 105% variation with feasible point (15.45, 0.69) and the objective function value of 33.66.
Keywords: Optimization, Linear Programming, Feasibility, Matlab Algorithms, Deterministic.
THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN- REGULATION ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY)
ANANIAS AMEN
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali.
ABSTRACT
To assess the effects of covid-19 lockdown-regulation on scientific research in sub-Saharan Africa, using Nigeria as a case study, an online survey-based study of 300 participants, comprising lecturers, postgraduate students and graduating students randomly selected from different tertiary institutions across the country. An online survey was conducted from 14th January to 20th January, 2021. To collect the information, an unstructured or open-end questionnaire link using “google form” was sent to the participants through WhatsApp. Greater percentage of the respondents did not conduct research during the lockdown. Reasons are the stay-at-home order, funding, closure of schools and laboratories, psychological stress due to non-payment of salaries and other entitlement, high cost of chemical and unstable power supply among others. Government should develop more infrastructure in tertiary institutions, there should be synergy between the government and industries for enhancing research funding and modern teaching facilities need to be introduced in tertiary nstitutions.
Keywords: lockdown-regulation, covid-19, Research, Funding, Government.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER AIDED LIGTING DESIGN SYSTEM (CALD) VIA VISUAL BASIC APPLICATION
*ADEDUBU, O A.; *ADESHIPHO, M .E.; & **OLADOSU, D. A.
*Department of Electrical Engineering, the Polytechnic, Ibadan. **Department of Computer Engineering Technology, the Polytechnic, Ibadan
ABSTRACT
Lighting calculations have always been part of the basic practice of illumination for lighting design. Mostly, Engineers manually calculate required lighting fixture according to the building perspective. Most of them do not give exact solution. Analytical calculations of needed values are mostly used.. With the new trend in technology, the parameters of Electrical Installation design can be embedded into a program and initiated as appropriate. In this respect, this work presents and analyses the implementation Electrical Installation design via Visual Basic Application. Installation parameter models were developed for Utilization Factor, Maintenance Factor, area at working plane height, luminance level required and average luminous flux from each lamp to determine numbers of fixtures required for the installation.The work considered Residential, School, Hospital, hall and Industry for the model. The result obtained was compared with manual calculation using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Test of hypothesis, eventually the value given was absolutely one, indicates perfect correlation. As a result of validity from the analysis and test conducted, the model developed will work effectively and it is highly recommended that it should be chosen to replace the handy one to save time and for better accuracy.
Keywords: Computer, Design, Installation Lumen, Room Index
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AND INFERTILITY AMONGST SPOUSES IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
*MOHAMMED, A.; **KUBKOMAWA, H.I.; & ***MODIBBO, A.A.
*Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. **Department of Fisheries Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. ***Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Deteriorating reproductive health in relation to family food in-sufficiency leading to increased marital crisis arising from the management of sexual dysfunction and infertility amongst spouses in the world is alarming. An investigation was carried out to find the causes, signs and symptoms of sexual dysfunction and infertility amongst spouses in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Respondents were purposively selected with the use of questionnaires for oral interviews, observations and discussions. One hundred volunteer spouses were screened and sent to hospitals for diagnosis of reproductive problems through culture of their urine, stool, vaginal swabs, semen and prostate content. These specimens were also examined under the electric microscope. Ultrasounds scanning of prostate glands, bladders, kidneys and ovaries or fallopian tubes of the spouses were also carried out to check for abnormalities. The results showed that, 88% of the spouses suffering from these conditions are youths between the ages of 20 to 40years while 12% are in the age bracket of 50 to 70years old. The findings indicated that, 90% of them are married while 10% are still single. The results showed that, 78% of the spouses had infection for 1 to 10years while 22% had it for more than 11years. The results showed that, 80% of them contracted the infection through sexual intercourse while 20% don’t know how and where they got infected. The hospital culture of urine, vaginal swabs, semen and prostate content of all the spouses showed negative to bacterial infection. The microscopic examinations of these specimens yielded positive to abdominal Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis). The ultrasound scanning of the prostate glands, kidneys and ovaries/ fallopian tubes revealed abnormalities of various degrees. Spouses with early or mild infections (for 1 to 10years) manifested the first 15 symptoms while those with severe and critical infections (for more than 11years) manifested all the 30 symptoms. Therefore, infections of the urinary bladders, genital organs, prostate glands and kidneys by Schistosome species contracted through sexual intercourse may be responsible for sexual dysfunction and infertility amongst spouses in the study area. There should be proper sensitivity for the diagnosis of mild infections caused by this parasite. Immediate authorities should, as a matter of urgency, initiate and support the development of a drug in commercial quantity that could be used to serve as an intervention programme in Nigeria and the world at large.
Keywords: Sexual Dysfunction, Infertility, Spouses, Adamawa State, Nigeria
EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ELECTRIC POWERED YAM POUNDING MACHINE IN COMPARISON TO TRADITIONAL METHOD.
*OKOTIE LUCKY EDAFE; **OMOIKHOLO FRANK; & **OKOJIE GODWIN
*Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology, National Institute of Construction Technology, (NICT), Uromi, Edo State. **Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, National Institute of Construction Technology, (NICT), Uromi, Edo State.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a comparison of the performance of an electric power operated yam pounding machine to traditional (manual) method of pounding yam using mortar and pestle. The comparison was done based on the pounding time using the two methods on different yam species. Selection of yams for the test samples was done randomly from new and old yams. The machine consists of a metallic casing with a variable speed electric motor. The motor is attached on a suspended floor base and connected via a direct shaft to the crushing blade. The pounding time for both the machine and manual methods were taking and recorded. Based on the results gotten, it was noted that, there is a sharp difference in the pounding time between the machine and manual operation. It took the machine operation 2 to 3 minutes to pound the yam irrespective of whether it is a new or old yam, whereas for the traditional method, it will take up to 15 or 20 minutes to complete pounding. The machine performs its operation faster, efficiently and hygienically better than the traditional (manual) method of pounding yam.
KEYWORDS: Electric motor, Mortar, Pestle, Pounded yam, Conventional method, crushing force, pounding machine,
A RELIABLE CONNECTIVITY AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL WITH VARYING VELOCITY FOR VANET
AHMADU MAIDORAWA
Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, P. M. B 0231Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This paper proposed a Reliable Connectivity Aware Routing (RCAR) protocol with varying velocity for Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). The protocol uses a control broadcast to reduce the number of overhead packets needed in a route discovery process. It is also equipped with an alternative backup route that is used whenever a primary path to destination failed, which highly reduces the frequent launching and re-launching of the route discovery process that waste useful bandwidth and unnecessarily prolonging the average packet delay. NS2 simulation results show that the performance of RCAR protocol outperformed the original connectivity aware routing (CAR) protocol by reducing the average packet delay by 24%, control overheads by 13.4% and increased the packet delivery ratio by 10.4%.
Keywords: alternative path, primary path, protocol, routing, VANET.
EFFECTS OF GLASS AND DUST ABSORPTION OF SOLAR RADIATION IN PV SOLAR PANELS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS
MOHAMMED MANNIR ALIYU1, PAUL BARTHOLOMEW2 AND HASSAN SALAWU1
1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna 2Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
ABSTRACT
The photovoltaic solar cells are considered to play important roles as a source of green energy for the future due to its numerous advantages. However, one of the re-occurring challenges of this device is that of reduced performance due to dust accumulation, which requires frequent cumbersome cleaning. The effect of dust accumulation varies greatly with season as well as environmental variables and location. This study attempted to investigate effects of glass and dust absorption on the performance of the PV Solar modules in the Kaduna Metropolis. Two 80W monocrystalline solar panels were exposed to outdoor environmental variables while the solar panels’ output parameters were measured. A glass slide placed on top of each panel so that dust deposited on the panels was equally available on the slides. Solar irradiance measurements were made at horizontal surface as well as by adjusting the inclination angle until maximum radiations were attained. By comparing the solar irradiance directly and through both clean clear glass and through dusted glass slides, the amount of light absorbed by both media were deduced. Results indicated an increase of irradiance of up to 25% can be attained by deploying solar tracking. The highest monthly average values of 569.65 and 748.24W/m2 for Ioh and Iom respectively were obtained in the month of May, while the least values of 489.79 and 584.25W/m2, respectively, were obtained in the month of April. As result of tracking, the largest difference was found in the months of December and May with values of 31.35% each. The lowest difference was obtained in April at 19.29%. The average absorption of Ioh and Iom in clear glass reduced the incident radiation to 89.01% and 89.69% respectively, whereas in dusted glass, the radiation was reduced to 85.75% and 82.31% respectively. The highest absorption of light due to dust was in June and the least absorption was in March. The Voc and Isc of the panel were found to follow the trends of the irradiance and since this was dependent on dust accumulation, it implies the output parameters were determined by the dust accumulation.
Keywords: Effects, Dust Absorption, Solar Radiation, Solar Panels, Kaduna Metropolis.