TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (TIJARBT)
VOL. 9 (1) MAY, 2022 EDITIONS. ISSN: 3438-2901
Published by:
TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS,
Centre for African Development Studies,
Federal Ministry of Education, Abuja, FCT-Nigeria.
FORAGE MINERALS CONCENTRATION IN RELATION TO THE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF FARM LIVESTOCK IN MAIDUGURI METROPOLITAN AREA
U.T. IZGE¹; M.B. YOUSUF1, USMAN KOLO2, U. USMAN3
1University of Ilorin, Department of Animal production, 2University of Maiduguri, Department of Animal science, 3University of Maiduguri, Department of fisheries.
ABSTRACT
Pasture concentration of minerals in relation to nutrients requirement of ruminants need to be analyst. The use of browse plant to supplement the animal ration becomes enormous. Herdsmen, livestock farmers resort the use of the most common browse plant within the region. Although, the browse plants are found in almost all the northern Sudano sahelian region, the most nutritive among the browse plant are known to farmers. The study was aimed at characterizing the mineral status of forage and to ascertain when, where and to what extent mineral problems. The study was aimed to evaluate the concentration of minerals in relation to pasture requirement of ruminants. The study was conducted in two successive phases. The forage was harvested daily within the vicinity of Maiduguri metropolitan; each wards five different sample was harvested at random following the grazing Animal on grazing field. Calcium is most concentrated in selected forages of Fezzan, Hausari, Gwange I and Limanti, less concentrated in forages of Lamisula (Biu), Bolori I, Bolori II and Gamboru wards. forage mineral values for Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese are higher than the critical levels reported; Zn 30mg/kg. concluded that there was relatively abundant amount of phosphorus, sulphur, magnesium, copper, iron, and manganese in five of the study areas (Fezzan, Hausari, Gwange I, Gwange II and Gwange III).
Keywords: Forage; Minerals; Farm Animals; Pasture; Nutrients
COMPARATIVE EVALUTION OF THE PROXIMATE MINERAL AND VITAMIN CONTENTS OF PALM KERNEL (E. guineensis) AND DELEB PALM (B. aethiopum) NUTS
JIBRIN, MOHAMMED1*, MUHAMMED, MUKTAR1, OSUEGBA, OSUENDO SOLOMON1, ABDULLAHI, BASHIR1 AND KABIRU SULEIMAN MADAKI2
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria. 2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural & Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at comparative evaluation of the proximate, minerals and vitamin compositions of Palm kernel and Deleb palm nuts. The proximate parameters (crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and moisture) were determined using standard analytical procedures. The minerals (Fe, Zn, Mg and Ca) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ICE 3000 series) while K and Na were analyzed using Flame Photometer (model 405, corning, U.K). The vitamins (A, B2, and D) were determined using UV spectrophotometer while vitamin C was determined using titrimetric method. The results revealed higher percent crude fibre (12.81%), crude protein (13.13%), crude fat (44.09%), ash (3.05%), moisture (7.05%) energy (2192.33kcal/ 100 g) and fatty acid contents (35.27% ) in Palm kernel nut while only carbohydrate was found to be higher in Deleb palm nut (81.71%). The concentrations of vitamin A, B2 and D were found to be higher in Palm kernel nut while only vitamin C was found to be higher in Deleb palm nut (1.22± 0.06). The minerals composition revealed that calcium (27.79 ± 0.83 mg/100 g), magnesium (19.36 ± 1.22 mg/ 100 g), zinc (0.68± 0.12) and iron (3.35± 0.01 mg/100 g) contents in Palm kernel nut were higher than in Deleb palm nut while only the concentration of potassium (74.75 ± 0.61 mg/100 g) was found to be higher in Deleb palm nut. However, based on the results obtained from this study, the nutritional value of palm kernel nut was found to be higher than deleb palm nut.
Keywords: Palm kernel nut, Deleb palm nut, Minerals, Proximate, Vitamins
INVESTIGATION ON THE AWARENESS ON THE BENEFITS OF SILOS AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF WASTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
1PATIENCE ALUYOR, 2BOLOGI BEATRICE
Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State
ABSTRACT
The paper investigated preventive measure of agricultural waste. Using Silos. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. two research questions guided this study. The population for the study comprised all farmers and farm traders in Edo State. The sample size comprised fifty farmers and fifty farm traders suing random sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection was researcher’s developed questionnaire based on four point Likert Scale. The instrument was validated by two experts. Reliability test was determined using test-retest method. Pearson product moment correlation has used to obtained coefficients of 0.73. The instrument were administered to the respondents and data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The study of the study revealed that some of Agricultural produce such as grain are wasted due to lack of adequate food storage, resulting from lack of fund. The study also revealed, that some farmers are not aware of the usage and importance of Silos. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that Government should empower both farmers and farm traders in the provision of food storage facilities such as Silos to prevent food waste, farmers and farm traders should be trained on the importance and the use of Silos to prevent food waste.
Keyword: silos; food storage; food waste; grains; benefits of silos; agricultural produce.
INFLUENCE OF RESTING PERIOD (PAUSE) ON SOME SELECTED BODY FEATURES IN SHIKA BROWN LAYER (SBL) IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA
ABUBAKAR YUSUF KAKAGIDA1, MUSA MABU ISA2, MOHAMMED SHU’AIBU SHINKAFI3 AND ABUBAKAR BELLO ANKA4
1Agricultural Research Council Abuja Abuja, Nigeria. 2Desert Research Monitoring and Control Center, Yobe State University Damaturu, Nigeria. 3Directorate of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Zamfara State, Nigeria. 4Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Gusau, Zamfara State Office, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
An eight week (56 days) experimental trial was conducted to examine the influence of resting period (pause) on some selected body features in Shika Brown Layer (SBL). The study was conducted in the Sokoto State Veterinary Centre. Records of daily egg collection for individual bird was done twice daily morning and evening between the period of 9:00am and 4:30pm. For the period under consideration. Results showed that the average final body weight was 2141g/b with a gain of 254g/b. The average feed intake for the whole trial was 5802g/b with an average daily feed intake of 104g/bird/day. Hen day egg production was observed to be 66% while the hen house egg production was 61%. This was attributed to the 7.6% mortality recorded during the study period. The results also indicated that body weight, size of cloaca, comb size, beak size and colour of the birds indicated no significant effect on the overall pause. However, distance between pelvic bones and feed intake significantly affected the overall pause. It would be concluded from the results of the study that some body features like distance between pelvic bones affect the frequency of laying in Shika Brown Layers.
Keywords; Eggs, Veterinary, Pause, Laying, Mortality and Shika brown
PRODUCTION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF SEASONING CUBES MADE FROM LOCAL SPICES; UZIZA (Piper guineense), UDA (Xylopia aethiopica), EHURU (Monodora myristica AND GINGER (Zingiber officincale)
JOEL NDIFE; ADINDU LINUS-CHIBUEZEH; CHIDIAMARA ONYINYECHI ADINDU-LINUS; & AKUNNA C. UGWUNEBO
Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Cubed seasonings were produced from local spices namely; uziza (Piper guineense),uda (Xylopia aethiopica), ehuru (Monodora myristica D), and ginger (Zingiber officinale) in different ratios of 25:25:25:25; 40:20:20:20, 20:40:20:20 and 20:20:40:20 with other ingredients while a commercial seasoning cube (Maggi Star) served as control. The seasoning cubes were evaluated for proximate, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and sensory properties using standard methods while results were presented as means ± standard deviation of duplicate determination using one-way ANOVA. The result of the proximate analysis showed that the moisture content of the seasoning cubes ranged from 9.64 to 16.44%, ash 6.83 to7.33%, fibre 1.29 -11.31%, protein 6.6-12.38%, fat 4.38-14.21. The produced spice cubes showed higher percentages of vitamin more than the control, while mineral contents were higher in the control compared the local cube. Phytochemicals were within safe limits for human consumption. The spices differed significantly in term of overall acceptability with respect to sensory evaluation whereas meat spiced with the control sample (Maggi star) was mostly preferred by the panellists.
Keywords: Seasoning, functional food, Bouillon cubes, Organic, Underutilized
ASSESSMENT OF PROCESSING METHODS, WAYS AND FORMS OF GARCINIA KOLA SALES IN OGUN, ONDO AND EDO STATES, NIGERIA
HADIZA BELLO KATAGUM
Department of Soil Science Technology, Bauchi State College of Agriculture
ABSTRACT
This study was on assessment of Processing methods, forms and ways of sales of Garcinia kola in in Ogun, Ondo and Edo State, Nigeria. The objectives were to examine socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; evaluate the different processing methods of G. kola sold in study area; analyse the forms and ways in which G. kola is sold in the study area. The data for the study was obtained using structured questionnaire administered to 133 respondent selected using multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics such as charts, frequency and percentages were used to evaluate the data. The results of the demographic characteristics indicate that 61.7 % of the respondents were female, 61 % were married and 65% confirmed G. kola cultivation/harvesting was their home-based business. The result on the Processing Method Used reveals that larger percentage of the respondents processed G. kola before selling (with 6.0% processed it by cutting the pulp fresh and 41.0% keeping it outside to decay) while 32.0% dispose it raw without processing it. Among those who processed G. kola, 36.9 % of them process G. kola for the purpose of preservation only while 28.6 % processed G. kola in order to prevent damage of the seed. When Selling, the larger percentage of the respondents (99.0%) prefer selling it processed and within 2-4 months, and they sell it by themselves directly to the consumers (83.0%) or to middlemen. It is recommended that the Federal Government should explore the potentials of NTFPs such as Garcinia kola by employing technology to develop and optimize the value chain and to make it more attractive for the younger generation to come in as this would help in discouraging deforestation.
Keywords: Southern Nigeria, socio-economic characteristics, processing, G. kola, sold
MEASURES FOR IMPROVING THE INCOME OF COTTON FARMERS IN KAURA NAMODA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ZAMFARA STATE
CHRISTIANA JOSEPH ADAH1 AND HUSSAINA O. TANKO2
1Department of Agricultural Business Management, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State. 2Department of Agricultural Extension Management, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State.
ABSTRACT
Kaura Namoda town growth was due to the arrival of railway from Zaria in 1929, it was the north western terminus of railway from Lagos to Port Harcourt and a major collecting point for peanuts and cotton. Besides these export crops, local traders primarily engaged in sorghum, cowpea, rice, sugarcane, and tobacco production. It has a population of 281,267 (2006) population censuses and has an area of 868km2 the study was conducted to I. Encourage farmers in cotton production so as to increase their income, II Assist on the proper way of disposing their products i.e.to acquaint farmers with vital information in marketing of cotton, III. Help farmer to market their product directly to the textile industries and not through agent (Middle men). IV Identify the problem in cotton farming in the study area and suggest solutions to the problems. V.A Total sample size of seventy (70) was selected for the study divided in three villages. Primary data was collected from cotton farmers in the study area through a structured interview schedule administered on respondent. Data was analyzed using arithmetic mean. Percentages and descriptive statistics. The major conclusions drawn from this study were data presented regarding number of hectares cultivated shows that 23(33%) of the respondent cultivated between 10 –15 ha of land. A total of 25 (36%) cultivated between 7- 10 ha. Similarly, 15(21%) each cultivated between 3-6 ha and less than 2 ha of land respectively. Marketing of cotton produce in the study area shows that 19(27.19) of the respondent sale their product directly to consumers. Why majority of the respondent 34(48.6%) sale through middle men and 17(24.3%) sell to textile industries. Estimated profit after Marketing revealed that 21(31%) had no profit. While 25(35.7%) realized higher profit. On the basis of the above conclusions the following recommendations are made. Government should encourage cotton production by providing subsidies on input and incentives for cotton lint’s and a seed, suitable government policy is necessary that will boast cotton cultivation, trade and ensure that cotton farmers are making profit. There is need for cotton farmers to increase their acreage so as to create job opportunities for the youth. Farmers should regularly contact extension workers in the area so as to obtain better advice on how to improve cotton production in the area. Capacity building is necessary and empowered of all cotton processing and packing of bales by ginneries that is acceptable to local & Global Market.
Keywords: cotton, middle men, marketing, respondent,farmers
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN KABBA/BUNU L.G.A KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
AJAKAIYE OLATUNBOSUN BOLASHADE
Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Kogi State Polytechnic, Itakpe.
ABSTRACT
Assessment of Nutritional status among farming household were investigated in Kabba/Bunu Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. A two – stage sampling procedure was used to select 150 farming households from the study area using Purposive selection and random sampling. Personal interviews, structured questionnaire and anthropometric indices such as height, weight, arm circumference and skin fold diameter were used to measure indicators like underweight, stunting and wasting responses in children. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the socio economic characteristics and level of prevalence of malnutrition among farming households. The logit models was employed to examine the determinants of malnutrition and factors affecting level of malnutrition in the study area. The result showed that socio-economic characteristics such as age of child, sex of child, educational level of household heads and their spouses; and access to toilet facility were significant on underweight, stunting and wasting. The result on the anthropometric measurement showed that daily calorie intake and access to clean water were significant on the children underweight in the study area indicating 35% underweight, 30% wasting and 35% normal. About 66% of the farming households had access to well water, 21% had access to bore-hole, implying a negative effect on underweight. Majority of farming households do not have access to safe water and are susceptible to illnesses like diarrhea, ascariasis (Roundworm), Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm), Schistosomiasis and Trachoma. The results also showed that no child was stunted; this is because the stunting effect of malnutrition is visible only at the advanced stage. Calorie intake was significant on all the malnutrition indices, as a key determinant of malnutrition in the study area. Staple food intake which was measured in calories showed that about 48% of the Farming households consume cereals, tubers and legume foods which contains 4 calories per gram compared to fatty foods which contains 7 calories per gram. The study concludes that malnutrition indices is prevalent in the study area and the cummulative effect of malnutrition among rural farming households may reduce their farm Productivity. Policies targeted at providing basic amenities, farming household access to food and sanitary facilities were recommended.
Keywords: Nutritional status, underweight, stunting, wasting, farming households, illnesses, anthropometric measurement, calorie, Logit Model.
APPRAISAL OF RAINWATER SUPPLY AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE OKE-OGUN REGION OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA
KAYODE KUNLE OYEDIRAN
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, College of Environmental Studies, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin-Kebbi, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Planning for rainwater supply involves determining how it is being delivered to people and for businesses, assessing issues with its supply, and setting a course of action for its proper management and protection. The issue of climate change that had affected the rainfall patterns, changing stream/river flows and prolong water scarcity and water stress led to seasonal productivity of farm produces. It is therefore imperative to: assess the rainwater reliability and quantity satisfaction; investigate output of crop production in the Oke-Ogun region; and examine the challenges of rainwater supply, rain-fed crops and food security in the region. Data were sourced through both primary and secondary means. The study adopted multi-staged sampling method as samples were taken from the ten (10) local governments that made the region and later from the settlements where dams, rivers, streams and other water sources were found which was purposive sampling, given a sample size of 300. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data collected and the study anchors on concepts of food security and water management. Findings revealed that 69.7% of the respondents that complained on delay in rainy season were rain-fed farmers, 20.7% were irrigation farmers and the remaining were livestock and perennial farmers. In addition, large percentage (31.3%) of the respondents submitted that nowadays the dry season was long. The paper recommended that boreholes or water reservoirs/tanks should be provided by individual farmer or government; and loans should be given to the irrigation farmers to acquire the necessary facilities.
Keywords: Food security, Oke-Ogun region, planning, rainwater supply and rural
ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL POTENTIALS OF SOME YEAST ISOLATES FROM PAWPAW, BANANA AND ORANGE FRUITS GROWN LOCALLY IN BAUCHI STATE
EBU BRIDGET., HARUNA HAMZA SALIHU., SHEHU AMINA YUSUF HALIMA., AND IJEBOR FUNMILAYO DEBORAH.
Department of science laboratory technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
A study of the industrial potentials of yeast isolates from pawpaw, banana and orange fruits grown locally in Bauchi state was carried out. The parameters analyzed includes estimation of yeast potency, flocculation rate, ethanol tolerance, Protein and Vitamin content. The three species of yeast identified include Saccharomyces cerevisiae A,B,C,D. Candida tropical C,D and Saccharomyces ferméntati B,C,D. The result of the analysis showed that all strains compared favorably with the industrial yeast with respect to temperature tolerance, protein and Vitamin content. However, Saccharomyces cerevisiae A,B,C,D compared most favorably with the industrial yeast in viability, tolerance to alcohol concentration up to 20% and a high flocculation rate of 0.75m1/10minutes than Candida tropicalis C,D and Saccharomyces fermentati B,C,D. Furthermore, the temperature tolerance showed no difference with the standard at both 37℃ and 42℃ at 5% level of significance. The importance of mass production yeast strains have been stressed.
Keywords: Assessment, Potentials, Yeast isolates, pawpaw, banana and orange fruits.
A REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (IFAD) ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN NIGERIA
ELEKE, PATIENCE N.1; AND USMAN, SHUAIB A.2
1Department of Agricultural. Technology, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. 2Department of Agricultural. Extension, University of Nigeria,Nsukka.
ABSTRACT
The study reviewed the role of IFAD in Agricultural development in Nigeria. Socio-economic characteristics such as level of education, household size, farm size, membership of cooperative and extension contact were the factors influencing smallholder farmers’ participation in IFAD projects. Various programmes executed by IFAD across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria covers areas such as poverty reduction through agricultural initiatives, challenges of youth employment and provision of basic rural infrastructures to some selected communities. Also, IFAD indulges in managerial/Human development projects such as leadership training/seminar, human capacity development, training farmers on how to develop an appropriate and usable business plan, financial management, record-keeping systems and risk management. IFAD was effective in monitoring of programmes, supervision, and field workshops. Respondents’ level of satisfaction on the projects was perceptibly satisfactory. Effects of the projects on participating people and communities are: improvement in agricultural method, human capacity development, improvement of rural people’s income and increased productivity. Constraints such as inadequate capital, agricultural credit facilities, storage facilities, funding, and lack of adequate support to the marketing components hindered the effective participation of farmers in IFAD projects. This review recommends that more partnerships should be established by both the Federal and State Governments to benefit the livelihood programs in Nigeria.
EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI (AMF) ON ROOT AND SHOOT FRESH WEIGHT OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP) VARIETIES GROWN ON ALECTRA VOGELII INOCULATED SOIL
1MAKANJUOLA, D. O. 2 ALONGE, S.O. 3 ZARAFI, A.B. 4 ADEOSUN, J.O. AND 2 TANIMU, Y.
1Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Studies, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. 2Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 3Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 4National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of Glomus deserticola on the root and shoot fresh weight of four cowpea varieties on Alectra vogelii inoculated soil. The four cowpea varieties used were: SAMPEA 7, IFE 82-12, IT97K-499-35 and TVX 3236. The sterilized sandy-loamy soil used for this experiment consisted of mixture of top soil and sand in ratio 1:1 (v/v). Glomus deserticola was applied in five rates: the control without Alectra, control with Alectra, 10, 20 and 30 g/pot. A constant quantity of Alectra was maintained (3.3 g). The treatments were arranged in complete randomized design. The cowpea plants were sampled for root and shoot fresh weight at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP). The Glomus deserticola treatments at different rates significantly increased cowpea root and shoot fresh weights compared with the two control treatments. Glomus deserticola treatment at 30 g/pot resulted in the highest root and shoot fresh weight of the cowpea varieties. Among the cowpea varieties, SAMPEA 7 had higher values than the other cowpea varieties at 9 WAP. In conclusion, Glomus deserticola treatments significantly increased root and shoot fresh weight of the four cowpea varieties on Alectra inoculated soil and can be recommended as a biological control agent in Alectra vogelii infested fields.
Keywords: Glomus deserticola, Alectra vogelii, Cowpea Varieties, Root and Shoot fresh weights
CHARACTERIZATION AND FATTY ACID PROFILE OF THE OIL SEED OF GUIZOTIA SCABRA HARVESTED FROM KADUNA STATE -NIGERIA
P.A. CHOMO; AND V.A RWUAAN
Department of Applied Chemistry, Kaduna Polytechnic- Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Guizotia scabra (L.F cass. composite) is an oil seed crop found wildly and in some areas cultivated at middle and higher elevations in Nigeria and other African countries. The medicinal importance attached to the plant and the acceptance of the seed in some of our rural areas for preparing different types of delicacies is the driving force of this research. The objectives of this study were to determine the physicochemical properties, proximate composition, and chemical constituents. Standard methods for physicochemical properties, proximate analysis and chemical constituents were used. The physicochemical properties revealed a cream yellow oil with an agreeable odour. The specific gravity was 0.9357; viscosity was 27.30 mPa.s, refractive index 1.479 and the percentage yield was 20.04%. The acid value was 0.471 mg/KOH/g, saponification value was 34.22 mg of KOH/kg. Peroxide value revealed 18.50 meq/KOH/kg and iodine value was 64.30g/100g. the proximate analysis revealed, moisture content was 5.65±0.71%, ash content was 3.05±0.71, crude protein was 21.28±1.02%, crude fat was 19.93±1.97, crude fibre was 36.00±0.28%, dry matter content was 94.35±0.50% and organic matter content was 96.55±0.07%. The chemical constituents revealed 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (26.47%) as the predominant unsaturated fatty acid in the seed oil while Dodecanoic acid (Lauric acid) (3.86%) is the predominant saturated fatty acid. Guizotia scabra seed oil is therefore palatable for consumption due to it low acid value, good protein content, crude fibre content, low moisture content, and good amount of unsaturated fatty acid. It can be used for the fortification of diets that are low in protein. The seed oil might not be good for industrial purposes due to its low saponification value and reduce shelf live.
EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI (AMF) ON ROOT AND SHOOT FRESH WEIGHT OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP) VARIETIES GROWN ON ALECTRA VOGELII INOCULATED SOIL
1OLAOFE, O. D. 2 ALONGE, S.O. 3 ZARAFI, A.B. 4 ADEOSUN, J.O. AND 2 TANIMU, Y.
1Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environmental Studies, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. 2Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 3Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 4National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of Glomus deserticola on the root and shoot fresh weight of four cowpea varieties on Alectra vogelii inoculated soil. The four cowpea varieties used were: SAMPEA 7, IFE 82-12, IT97K-499-35 and TVX 3236. The sterilized sandy-loamy soil used for this experiment consisted of mixture of top soil and sand in ratio 1:1 (v/v). Glomus deserticola was applied in five rates: the control without Alectra, control with Alectra, 10, 20 and 30 g/pot. A constant quantity of Alectra was maintained (3.3 g). The treatments were arranged in complete randomized design. The cowpea plants were sampled for root and shoot fresh weight at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP). The Glomus deserticola treatments at different rates significantly increased cowpea root and shoot fresh weights compared with the two control treatments. Glomus deserticola treatment at 30 g/pot resulted in the highest root and shoot fresh weight of the cowpea varieties. Among the cowpea varieties, SAMPEA 7 had higher values than the other cowpea varieties at 9 WAP. In conclusion, Glomus deserticola treatments significantly increased root and shoot fresh weight of the four cowpea varieties on Alectra inoculated soil and can be recommended as a biological control agent in Alectra vogelii infested fields.
Keywords: Glomus deserticola, Alectra vogelii, Cowpea Varieties, Root and Shoot fresh weights
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MARKETING RED SKINNED SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas) IN SELECTED MARKETS OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA
1BALARABE, Z.A., 2YAKUBU, S.A., 2SAFIYANU, S.A., 2YARO, A.M., 2SHU’AIB, A.U., & 2ALIYU S. A.
1Science and Technical School Management Board, Kano State. 2Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The study focused on the analysis of marketing Red Skinned Sweet Potato in selected markets of Kano State. Multistage sampling techniques was used for the study and data was collected using a structured questionnaire supplemented with key informant interview. A total of one hundred and seventeen 117 red sweet potato marketers were sampled. The analytical tool employed included simple descriptive statistics, net marketing margin, Gini Coefficient, marketing efficiency and multiple regression of the respondents in the study area. The result of the socio economic characteristics showed that 33% of the red sweet potato marketers were adult belonging to the age group of 30-39 years, 60% of marketers had household size of 1-10 members, 41% had 1-10 years of marketing experience, 91% were married with 91% males, the result of educational background study area shows that 46.8% had informal education. The result of the profitability analysis revealed that red sweet potato marketing was profitable with ₦574.52 and the total revenue realized for the marketing were ₦3250. The result further revealed Gross Margin (GR) of 0.85 traded in the study area while return per naira invested was found to be 1.18 accrued from every 1.00 invested. The result also revealed that marketing of red sweet potato was efficient with 305.56%. The study further revealed variables such as: marketing experience, labour costs, transportation costs, loading and off-loading were found to be statistically significant. Results also indicate that the major determinant of net marketing income in the study area included labour cost, experience and transportation cost. The study recommended that since white sweet potato marketing determined to be a profitable enterprise more should and enhance income generations in the study area.
Keywords: Red sweet potato, marketing.
PILOT TEST STUDY ON EFFECT OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON BODY WEIGHT AND REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF MICE
1BELLO, L, 2KATUZU, M.I, 3KYARI, A.G. and 4MOHAMMED, F.S.
1,3&4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu. 2Department of Basic Science, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu.
ABSTRACT
A pilot test study on the effect of ingesting monosodium glutamate on reproductive capacity of mice was carried out by increasing body weight assessment and physical observation to determined gravidity. The results revealed that Cage A, showed initial weight of mice at week 1, to be (31.2g and 19.5g) for two male mice respectively, while female mice had (19.7g and 20.8g) body weight respectively. The second week showed gradual increasing weight up to week four from (314g and 19.9g for male mice and 19.7g and 21.3g) for female mice to 31.7g and 20.4g for male mice while 33.8g and 35.6g for female mice. The control mice in cage B, showed only slight increase in body weight of female mice from15.6g and10.7g at week 1, to 17.7g and 20.2g in the week four (4) respectively. However, the control male mice showed slight decrease in body weight from 22.6g and 27.7g in the week 1, to 22.5g and 20.2g at the week four (4). After the 21 days of experimental observation, the female (Test) mice in cage A, were observed to be gravid, thus had conceived earlier than the control mice. It is hereby recommended that further studies on the effect of MSG on reproductive capacity of Mice should be carried out to ascertain the above findings.
Keyword: Monosodium glutamate. (MSG), Reproductive capacity. Body weight.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA STRAINS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE FERMENTATION QUALITY OF ELEPHANT GRASS (PENNISETUM PURPUREUS) SILAGE
LABBO Z1., AHMADU J. H1., MAKANJUOLA, D. O3., MBOCHI C. A2., SHANU M. A2., SALAMI. S.A1., ONUH O. A1., WOOD T. T1., ADEOYE B. A1., OLUYOMI C. D1. AND OLUKOTUN G. B1*.
1National Biotechnology Development Agency, Musa Yaradua Express Way, Lugbe, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. 2Nutrition and Diettetics dept., School of health, Makarfi, Kaduna State, Nigeria. 3Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Studies, Kaduna Polytechnic. Kaduna State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
In Nigeria, animal agriculture serves very paramount diversified role in animal protein food source, farm power, farm manure as well as ensuring social status-quo and enriching livelihood with other products. Most of the natural grasses are deficient in essential nutrient due to poor soils, yet, there is growing demand for dairy products globally. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are naturally able to produce metabolites that could enrich silage during fermentation thereby improving their qualities as animal feeds stock under intensive system. This research was conducted to isolate, screen and identify some LAB cultures from fermented silage for fermentation of fresh Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). The lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from silage using MRS isolation media in a pour plate method and characterized using biochemical and molecular technique. The confirmed pure cultures (L. plantarum (LB09), L. casei (LB37) and L. lactis (LB75) were used to ferment fresh elephant grass for sixty-days after which the proximate compositions of the fermented product (silage) were determined and compared with LAB-free silage. The results show that Dry matter increased from 18.42 to 26.12, so also the crude protein (5.67 to 7.32), NPF (59.25 to 62.12), ADF (57.43 to 61.54) respectively. The moisture content and the pH decreased favourably from 40% to 35% and from 4.7 to 3.6 respectively. Implementation of intensive and subsequent improvement of dairy production system in Nigeria are promising and achievable if programmed feedstock production such as controlled silage fermentation are implemented.
Keywords: Dairy, Silage, Fermentation, enrichment, Metabolite and Lactic Acid Bacteria.
EFFICACY OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACT MIXTURES ON MAJOR FIELD INSECT PESTS OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS THUN)
ALAO FATAI OLAITAN, OLANIRAN OLADELE ABIODUN AND ADEBAYO THIMOTY ABIODUN
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Use of secondary biologically active compounds in the protection of field insect pests of crops has been considered as an alternative to the use of synthetic insecticides. In the light of this, selected plant extract mixtures of Tephrosia vogelii, Moringa oleifera, Annona squamosa and Anarcadium occidentalis nuts were tested on the field insect pests of watermelon during the early and late cropping of 2019. The tested plant extracts were prepared with cold water. Lambdachyalothrin and control were included in the experiment for comparison. The experiment was set up in a Randomised Complete Block Design and each treatment was replicated three times. Data were collected on number of insect infestations, defoliated leaves, fruit damage and fruit yield. The results show that four insect pests were observed and all the tested plant extract mixtures exhibited insecticidal action against the observed insects. Among the plant extract mixtures, combination of M. oleifera and T. vogelii (MO + TV) had highest insecticidal efficacy (55%) during early season. During late planting season, insecticidal potential of plant extract mixture of M. oleifera and T. vogelii was comparable with synthetic insecticide (Lambdancyhalothrin). Highest yield (21.3 – 18.2 t/ha respectively) was obtained from the plants treated with Lambdacyhalothrin followed by the plants treated with M. oleifera + T. vogelii (19.1 – 15.0 t/ha) during both planting seasons. Therefore, plant extract mixtures can be incorporated into the field insect pest management of watermelon.
ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE USE OF VEGETAL RESOURCES FOR MULCHING AND STAKING OF CROPS IN JIBIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA KATSINA STATE
ADEKANMBI OLUKEMI OLABISI
Department of Agricultural Science Education, Federal College of Education, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The paper attempts an analysis of the impact of the use of mulch and stake materials for raising crops on the environment. To achieve this, 100 hundred people were identified and sampled at source points. A structured questionnaire and oral interview were deployed to source for data. Going by the results, 44% of those involved in cutting much and stake materials had no formal education, 51% had no knowledge of environmental education, 60%agreed that women were more involved on commercial basis than men were, 45% agreed to accrued ≤ N 61,000 from sales of mulch and stakes per annum. Similarly, 55% used shrubs as mulch and stakes, 46% agreed sourcing for mulch and stakes 5 times in a year; mostly between the months of January and March, those who agreed that sourcing mulch and stakes was purely economic had a mean distribution of 1.3 while those who agreed that sourcing mulch and stakes had negative impact on the environment had a mean of 1.4. The study recommends the need for environmental education through sensitization to minimize negative impacts on the environment.
Keywords: Stake, Mulch, Environment, Resources, Materials and crop