TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (TIJARBT)
VOL. 5 (1) MAY, 2021 EDITIONS. ISSN: 3438-2901
Published by:
TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS,
Centre for African Development Studies,
Ministry of Education, Abuja, FCT-Nigeria.
STRENTH OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLIMATIC VARIABLES AND CEREAL CROPS IN PARTS OF NORTH CENTRAL STATES, NIGERIA
MUSA, M1., BELLO, A. S2., USMAN, A. A2., AND YISA, M. K2.,
1Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria 2 Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study examined the strength of relationship between climatic variables and yield of three major cereal crops (Rice, Maize and Guinea corn) cultivated in North Central States of Nigeria. Thirty (30) years climatic data of rainfall, minimum temperature, maximum temperature and relative humidity from Climatic Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) and crop yield data from the Agricultural Development Project (ADP) Offices of the respective states were used. Person Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression methods were used for the analysis. Result shows that rainfall and relative humidity exert more influence on yield of the selected crops when compared to minimum and maximum temperature. The result of the multiple regression analaysis for rice yield and climatic variables shows stronger relationship in Abuja and Lafia with the coefficient of determination R2 of 54% and 56% respectively, while the other stations show weaker relationships. Maize yield shows weaker relationship with the climatic variable in all the station except in Lafia where a stronger coefficient determination R2 of 57% was detected. In contrast, guinea corn yield shows weaker relationship with the climatic variables in all the station during the study period. The study concluded that the climatic variables does not exert same influence on all the crops studied, therefore, the general interpretation of the relationship between climatic variables and crop yield should be done with cautiousness and that every variable should be studied on its own merit. The study recommended the adoption of climate smart technologies and innovative practices so as to increase yield and strengthen the farmers’ resilience to changing climate
Keywords: Climate Variability, Cereal Crops, Climatic Variables, Relationships, North Central State, Nigeria
GROWTH RESPONSE OF LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) TO IRRIGATION INTERVALS AND COW DUNG RATES IN MAIDUGURI, SUDAN SAVANNA, NIGERIA
*MARYAM IBRAHIM UMAR1 AND ZANNA ABBA KURA1
1Department of Agricultural Technology Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted during 2014/15 and 2015/16 cool harmattan dry seasons at Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production, University of Maiduguri (Latitude 11.808 and Longitude 13.199), 323m above sea level in Sudan Savana, Maiduguri, Borno State. This was aimed to study the growth response of lettuce to irrigation intervals and cow dung rates in Maiduguri. The treatments consisted of a factorial combinations of five irrigation intervals (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days) and six rates of cow dung (0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30t/ha) laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times. Irrigation intervals were assigned to the main plots while cow dung rates were assigned to the sub plots during the two trials. The growth parameters measured were: plant height (cm), number of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant (cm) and leaf whorl diameter (cm). Correlation coefficient analysis was carried out to determine the relationship among parameters measured. The results showed that 5 days irrigation interval was optimum for plant height, number of leaves, leaf area per plant and leaf whorl diameter for both seasons and the combined mean at all stages of sampling. The application of 30t/ha of cow dung gave significantly higher values for all the growth components of the lettuce in both the years and combined mean except for number of leaves per plant. The application of 25t/ha cow dung was found to be optimum for the number of leaves per plant in both the years and the combined mean. Based on the results of the present study, the growing of lettuce using the combinations of 6 days irrigation intervals with 30t/ha of cow dung during the cool harmattan periods in Maiduguri is more economical and therefore, encouraged.
KEYWORDS: Cool, Harmattan, Lettuce, Irrigation interval, Cow dungs rate
EFFECT OF SOME SAHELIAN TREE SPECIES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOME SELECTED CROPS IN MAIDUGURI
MATHIAS NZITIRI BWALA1, IBRAHIM KAUMI1, NAFISAT ABDULKADIR2, KANADI BITRUS TARFA3 AND PAUL MADA KAMBAYASA4
1National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). 2Biological Science Department, Bayero University, Kano (BUK). 3Biological Science Department, Gombe State University (GSU)
ABSTRACT
Agroforestry helps to increases crop yields through facilitation as there will be no competition and improved availability of resources for the growing crop. The integration of trees and crops further helps to improves income of the local farms while also conserving soil and water for environmental protection. Trees generally have the capacity for reducing wind velocity and trapping dust and also contribute to food security and poverty alleviation by providing fruits, wood (fuel and construction) and fodder. The study was aimed at studying the effect of some Sahelian tree species on the growth and yield of some selected crops in Maiduguri. 8 active farmlands were randomly selected, tree species (Faiherbia albida, Balanies aegyptica and an exotic species Azadirachta indica) from the farmlands were identified and randomly selected for the study. The crops grown on the farmlands (Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), Cowpea, Vigna unguiculutu, Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) were measured for the growth (plant height, plant width and number of leaves) and yield (Number of pods and pods yield) parameters under the 3 divided zones (under canopy, neighboring canopy and control) in each sampling station. The result of this study showed that A. indica has yield adverse effect on the growth and yield of groundnut but has no effect on okra crop. F. albida on the other hand shows no effects on the growth and yield of both groundnut and okra. The study further revealed that B. aegyptica shows adverse effects on the growth and yield of groundnut but has no effect on the growth and yield of cowpea.
Keywords: Faiherbia albida, Balanies aegyptica, Azadirachta indica, Arachis hypogaea, Vigna unguiculutu, Abelmoschus esculentus
EFFECTS OF POULRY MANURE AND N.P,K (15:15:15) FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L MOENCH) IN GUINEA SAVANNA REGION OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.
1HARUNA, Y., 2BADI, S.H., ABUBAKAR, I.A, 1GAYA B.H., 1NASURU, G. AND 1YUNUSA, M.M
1Department of Agricultural Technology Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria 2Department of Horticultural Technology College of Agriculture Garkawa Plateau State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria. The research was carried out to study the effect of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench).The treatments consisted of Poultry Manure at the rates of 0, 2, 4 and 6t/ha and N fertilizer (NPK) applied at 0, 30, 60, and 90kgN/ha. These treatments were factorially combined to give 16 treatment combinations and laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Data collected during the experiment were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significant difference between treatments and the mean 6t/ha poultry manure and 90kg N/ha nitrogen fertilizer to sorghum significantly (P≤0.05) promoted growth and yield of sorghum better than the other treatments and all the treatments were better than the control. It was observed that, the application of 6t/ha poultry manure and 90kg N/ha nitrogen fertilizer increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, days to 50% flowering, physiological maturity, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were all significantly (P≤ 0.05) affected by the application of 6t/ha poultry manure and 90kgN/ha nitrogen fertilizer in the study area. Based on the result of this study, growing sorghum with the application of 6tons/ha of poultry manure in combination with nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 90kg/ha should be adopted by farmers in the study area and further research should be carried out to determine the best levels that give best results.
Keywords: Effect, poultry manure, NPK fertilizer, growth, yield, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L Moench)
POTENTIALS, PERCEPTION AND SUSTAINABILTY OF ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION AMONG FARMERS IN IBARAPA REGION OF OYO STATE
LAWAL SULAIMON ABIDEMI PhD
Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Lanlate
ABSTRACT
The study investigated demography, perception and potential of Ibarapa farmers from Oyo State in producing organic crops. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Sample of Forty (40) farmers from four villages, Eruwa, Lanlate, Maya and Dagilegbo was used for the study. Frequency and simple percentage was used to determine demographic characteristics and potentials of the farmers. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data on profile of the respondents. Four-point Likert-scale of Strongly Agree (4), Agree (3), Disagree (2) and Strongly Disagree (1) was used for computation on perception of the farmers. The response with means 2.5 and above was regarded as Agree while mean less than 2.5 as Disagree. The data collected for the study were analyzed using mean and grand mean to answer the research questions. Demographic characteristics showed that majority of the farmers were educated, married, experienced, having small holding farm but not practicing organic farming. The perception of the farmers towards organic farming showed that organic manure (2.25) and pesticides (2.03) do not give satisfactory results as chemical pesticides and fertilizers, neither did they believe in effectiveness of crop rotation (2.33) nor close season (2.05) in reducing build-up of infestation or infection. However, the result on potentials showed abundance of organic manure and pesticides (90.0%), vast experience of majority of farmers in farming practices that favour organic farming (60.0%) and were much aware of toxicity and pollution of chemical pesticides and fertilizers (82.5%). It was concluded that Ibarapa farmers have a lot of potentials to practice organic farming. Therefore, government is advised to encourage production of organic foods for good health and safety of environment.
Keywords: Organic farming, Ibarapa farmers, Chemical pesticides, Synthetic fertilizers, Perception, Potentials
FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN URBAN AREAS: THE CASE OF BAYELSA STATE
*OWUTUAMOR, ZECHARIAHS B.; **FEMS, KUROTIMI MAURICE; & ***OKOH, AUGUSTINE I. SADIQ
*Department of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa State. **Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa State. ***Department of Political Science, Benue State University Makurdi, Benue State.
ABSTRACT
No doubt that women make some contributions to the household income. Even though literatures abound, there is very little to show what factors make it possible or impossible for urban women to contribute to the household income, especially in situations where women are unhindered from taking up any occupation to earn income. As such, this paper empirically examined the factors that significantly affect the amount of money urban women contribute to the household income in Bayelsa State. Structured questionaaires were deployed in a modified multistage random sampling procedure to collect primary data from 160 households across the 8 local government areas in the State, which was analyzed using the OLS regression. Results indicate that total income of the woman and the amount of money contributed to the household by the man have significant positive relationships, while the primary occupation of the man had a significant negative relationship with the amount of money the woman contributes to the household income. This study recommends that for women to increase the amount of money they contribute to the houshold income, men should increase the amount of money they contribute and should become more self-employed/ entrepreneurial, rather than seek for paid employment.
Keywords: Affecting, Contribution, Household, Income, Urban Areas, Bayelsa State.
THE POSITON OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) 0N DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE DURING THE LOCKDOWN REGULATIONS PERIOD THROUGH GRAINS MARKETERS ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIAN, POTISKUM CHAPTER IN YOBE STATE
IDRISSA BABA AJIYA; & KWAJAFFA AMINU MOHAMMED
Department of Agricultural Science Education, School of Vocational Education, Federal College of Education (Tech), P.M.B 1013, Potiskum, Yobe State.
ABSTRACT
Agricultural produce mainly grains (millet, guinea corn and beans/cowpea) harvested at the end of the years 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons, Administrators, Dealers and Marketers of grains Marketing Association of Nigeria, Potiskum Chapter in Yobe State were used for the study, before, within and after the lockdown regulations embarked by the federal government of Nigeria after the breakout of the pandemic in march 2020. Data were collected from the inventory records kept in the office of the grains marketers Association of Nigeria Potiskum Chapter. Monthly average records in number of trips of long vehicles (Trailers) used for the distributions of the agricultural produce were considered. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using (χ2) Chi- square test at (χ2α0.05) five level of significance was used for the study to determine the significance of the results for judgment. Challenges and recommendations were also provided to be used as guides and measures to control the menace of the pandemic.
Keywords: Coronavirus, Distribution, Agricultural Produce, Lockdown, Regulations.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND DENSIFICATION OF RICE HUSK PELLETS OF DIFFERENT BINDING LEVEL WITH CHARCOAL
UNWAHA, J.I.; ISSA, A.K; & JONES, N.D
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State
ABSTRACT
Rice husks are generated from Paddy Rice (Oryza sativa). The residue is usually dumped and flared on the farms, where it constitutes fire, environmental and health hazards. Rice husks are potential feedstock for fuel energy generation. This research work determine the physical behavior of rice husk pellets of different densities with charcoal. the characteristics of the pellets determined are proximate analysis, physical properties,, durability(or shatter index), maximum and relaxed densities. The use of different compaction pressure and % binder ratios in producing pellets resulted in different physical and energetic properties of pellets. The results from the combustion rate test of 40g shows that rice husk pellets produced with tamarind starch and cassava starch attained higher temperature (about 620°C) in less than 7 minutes than the charcoal (about 375°C) and both can give high temperature with higher quantity of fuel. The caloric values of charcoal and rice husk pellets with cassava starch tamarind starch are 30.57 MJ/kg, 18.82MJ/kg and 17.39MJ/kg respectively. These results show that the pellets are capable of generating heat that is sufficient for cooking, space heating and baking with suitable appliances. The pellets can serve as substitute for charcoal users since it shows superior combustion characteristic less emission of CO (0.3ppm) and SO2 (0.5ppm) over charcoal which has CO emission of 4.2ppm and SO2 of 1.2ppm. the pellets produced with tamarind starch( Non-edible starch) exhibited good physical and energetic properties that are better than the pellets produced with cassava starch (Edible starch). The tamarind starch (from waste seeds) can therefore be used as a replacement for cassava starch which has competitive need.
Keywords: Pellets, Rice Husk, Cassava Starch, Tamarind Starch and Binder Ratio
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SOME SELECTED VEGETABLES SOLD IN DAMATURU METROPOLIS YOBE STATE, FLUTED PUMPKIN (Telfairia occidentalis) and SPINACH (Amaranthus hybridus)
KATUZU. M. I1, HODI. A. I2, LAWAN. L3 AND AMINA. G. M4.
1Department of Science of Basic Science, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State. 2&3Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State. 4Department of Midwifery Aminu Sule College of Nursing and Midwifery, Damaturu. Yobe State.
ABSTRACT
Vegetables are the fresh and edible potion of herbaceous plants which can be eaten raw or cooked .They are valued mainly for their high carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral contents. Vegetables play a vital role in the culture of people in Nigeria and Africa as a whole. This research is aimed at identifying the phytochemicals and determining the elemental composition present in fluted pumpkin and spinach. Using solvent extraction method; the result showed that alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids and carbohydrate were present in both vegetables. Saponin and quinones were present only in spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) and Phenol is present only in fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentals), while terpenoids were absent in both vegetables. The result for mineral composition of fluted pumpkin shows that it contained K (80.20), Fe (15.64) Mg (76.46) Zn (5.52) Na (47.81), ca (27.48) and P (13.02). Elemental analysis in mg/100g indicated that leaves of spinach contained Na (7.43), K (54.20), Ca (44.15), Mg (231.22) Fe (13.58), Zn (3.80) and p (34.91). The result indicated that the fluted pumpkin and spinach leaves are good sources of minerals. Therefore based on the result obtained, fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) and (Amaranthus hybridus) could be used to improve the health status and essential in reducing a number of diseases in human. Further research should be carried out on both plants to determine their potency in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases like diabetes, and high blood pressure.
Keywords: Vegetables, phytochemicals, diseases, flavonoids, extraction.
PROFITABILITY OF POULTRY PRODUCTION IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
UMAR TABARI YERO & KABIR HARUNA DANJA (Ph.D)
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to investigate the profitability of poultry production in Kaduna state and 9 local governments were selected using stratified random sampling. Data was collected with the used of structured questionnaire from 166 poultry producers which consist of layers, broilers and pullet producers. Frequencies, percentages and net farm income were adopted in the analysis of data. The study was interested on total revenue and total cost of poultry production. The total cost comprises fixed and variable cost, total variable cost consists of day old chicks (doc), feeds, cost of vaccine, electricity and cost of labor. Fixed cost items include poultry house, cage, vehicle and other poultry production equipment. The profitability of layer producers in the study area was 6.15, broiler producers’ was 1.91 and pullet was 1.69 as revealed by the study. The study further revealed that variable cost took 99% of the total cost of poultry production in Kaduna state.
Keywords: Profitability, Poultry Production, Layer, Broiler and Pullet Production.
A SURVEY ON IMPACT OF IRRIGATION FARMING ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MAKARFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE
IBRAHIM HASSAN
Shehu Idris College of Health Sciences and Technology, Makarfi, Kaduna State
ABSTRACT
This study surveyed the impact of irrigation farming on rural development in Makarfi Local Government Area, Kaduna State. Three (3) research objectives and questions guided the study. Descriptive survey method was employed and the population of the study was all the inhabitants of Makarfi Local Government Area, Kaduna state totalling one hundred and forty six thousand two hundred and fifty nine (146,259), while sample of four hundred (400) respondents comprising irrigation farmers, perishable good traders, students and civil servants selected through proportionate sampling technique. The instrument titled “ Survey on Impact of Irrigation Farming on Rural Development (SIMIFRAD)” questionnaire was used for data collection, which contained four (3) sections in relation to the study variables based on 4-point Likert scale. Cronbach alpha was used for the analysis of reliability and reliability coefficient of .91 (Section A); .82 (Section B); .89 (Section C) were obtained respectively. Mean and standard deviation were used to present the descriptive data and a mean of 2.5 and above was analyzed as agreed, while below 2.5 as disagreed. The study revealed that, irrigation farming contributes to employment opportunity and income generation by cutting down the rate of rural-urban migration, increasing per capita aggregate production, providing youths with income that they invest in businesses, increasing the demand for farm labour and use of hired labour, increasing farmers’ income regularly and agricultural productivity. irrigation farming contributes to poverty alleviation through reducing indebtedness among the people, helped families to enrol their children in both public/private schools, helped families to build their own houses, provided member with money to buy their children and wives good clothes and basic necessities, helped many youths to further their education in the home, increased families income for providing nutritious food in their homes, provided youths with income that enabled them to marry and take proper care of their families. Finally, it was found that, irrigation farming contributes to food security by increasing the availability of food items, reduced malnutrition among children, providing flexibility in decision-making with regards to food storage, improved the regular household supply of food items, enabled in-flow of people from different communities to buy food stuffs/ items as well as provide families with enough food commodities throughout the year in Makarfi Local Government Area, Kaduna state. Base on the findings, it was recommended that, Government, Commercial Banks and Development Partners should provide farmers with soft-loans in order to boost irrigation farming; Government at the Local Level should provide enough storage facilities for irrigation farmers, this will go a long way in achieving sustainable food security in Makarfi Local Government Area.
Keywords: Irrigation Farming, Poverty Alleviation, Employment Opportunity, Food Security and Rural Development
FARM LEVEL TREE PLANTING IN MAIGATARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT JIGAWA STATE NIGERIA
*RABIU DAHIRU, *MUSTAPHA ADAM ABUBAKAR, **MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM HASSAN, ***LAWAL MUHAMMAD ADAM AND ***BURA MUHAMMAD ILALLAH
*Department of Horticulture and Landscape Technology, Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic, Hadejia PMB 013, Hadejia. **Department of Forestry Technology, Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic, Hadejia PMB 013, Hadejia. ***Department of Agricultural Technology, Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic, Hadejia PMB 013, Hadejia
ABSTRACT
The low proportion of forested land and continuous degradation of existing forest cover are serious threats to the sustainability of forestry. The consequences of which have resulted to environmental degradation and accelerated wind and water erosion of the fertile land that can seriously affect sustainable agricultural production in Nigeria. Reforestation through small-scale village based farmers’ participation has been identified as a feasible solution. This study analyzed the factors that influences farm-level tree planting in Maigatari local government Jigawa State. Five (5) communities from amongst the communities in Maigatari LGA Jigawa state were randomly selected, 20 respondents/farmers from each of the communities were then randomly sampled. Data collected through structured questionnaires and interviews were analyzed using frequency distribution such as mean and percentage while chi-square test was used to establish the relationship between community participation (dependent variable) and socio-cultural, economic and environmental factors (independent variables). The results shows that majority (53%) of the respondents were above the youthful age, and most of them were male, only few (28%) of the respondents have no formal education whereas many (52%) possess either secondary (32%) or tertiary education. 82% of them have 1-10 persons in their household. The results indicated that only one factor significantly determined farmers’ intention to plant trees, which is their recognition of environmental consequences of deforestation. However, desertification was identified by most of the respondents as the major consequence of deforestation. One of the major factors that affect farmers’ decision for planting or not planting trees is the damage caused by animals and humans, especially during dry season when farmlands were left for grazing animals. Thus, this study recommends that government should ensure that factors which determine farmers’ reasons for planting or not planting trees were addressed for sustainable farm forestry.
Keywords: Farm level, Tree planting, Maigatari, Afforestation
PRELIMINARY PHOTOCHEMICAL AND IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC PROPERTIES OF Calotropis PROCERA ROOT EXTRACTS (Asclepiadaceae)
IBRAHIM T. BABALOLA1* AND UMAR M.UMAR1
Department of Chemistry, PMB 1144, Damaturu, Yobe State University, Damaturu Yobe State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The medicinal value of plants in the treatment of internal parasites has been recognized dated back to 300 B.C by early physician- Theophrastus. Calotropis procera is a popular conspicuous weed-shrub in the North-Eastern Nigeria, belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. Several works have been reported on the medicinal potential of the plant materials. The current study evaluates the phytochemicals and anthelmintic activity of Calotropis procera root extract. Methanol extract of the plant root was obtained through cold extraction method using Ultrasonicator. Phytochemical screening of the plant root extract reveals the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Cardiac glycosides, Saponins, Phenolics, Carbohydrates, but Steroids, Terpenoids, Anthraquinones and Oxalates were not detected. The crude methanol extract was partitioned into Petroleum-ether (PET) and Ethyl acetate (EtoAc) soluble fractions using solvent-solvent extraction. The anthelmintic activity of the crude methanol extract, PET soluble fraction, EtoAc soluble fraction and the residue were screened in vitro against Pheritimia pasthuma and Taenia solium at 50-25mg/ml in comparison with reference drug (Piperazine citrate, 10mg/ml) by measuring paralysis time (P) and time of death (D). The crude methanol extract exhibited most significant effect on Pheritimia pasthuma (P= 6.18 and D= 8.75) and against Taenia solium (P= 8.00 and D=15.05) at 50mg/ml when compared with other soluble fractions and the reference drug (P=34.38 and D= 43.17 for P. pasthuma); and for T. solium, (P=28.48 and D=39.5). This result provides support for the ethnomecinal use of Calotropis procera root as worm expellant.
Keywords: Calotropis procera; methanol root extract; solvent-sovent extraction; soluble fractions; phytochemicals; anthelimintic activity, Piperizine citrate.
EFFECTS OF SWEET POTATO (Ipomea batatas) MEAL AS SOURCE OF ENERGY IN THE DIETS OF BROILERS AT FINISHER STAGES ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA.
ABUBAKAR BELLO ANKA1, MUSA MABU ISA2, MOHAMMED SHU’AIBU SHINKAFI3, AUDU A. MOHAMMED4 AND ABUBAKAR YUSUF KAKAGIDA5,
1Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Gusau Zamfara State Office, Nigeria 2Yobe State University, Desert research Monitoring and Control Centre, Damaturu Nigeria 3Directorate of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Zamfara State. 4Ministry of Animal and Fisheries Development, Livestock Division, Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria. 5Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding sweet potato meal to broilers. A total of two hundred and fifty (250) day old broilers of Abore acre strain were used for the trial. The birds were randomly divided in to 25 groups of 10 chicks each. Five groups were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments as replicates. The treatments consisted of diet 1 (100% maize/ 0% sweet potato), diet 2 (75% maize/ 25% sweet potato), diet 3 (50% maize/ 50% sweet potato), diet 4 (25% maize/ 75% sweet potato) and diet 5 (0% maize/ 100% sweet potato). The proximate analysis of the feed samples and sweet potato meal were carried out. Data collected at finisher stage; on final body weight, dresses weight dressing percentage, thigh and shank weight, breast weight, neck weight, head weight, wing weight, gizzard weight, liver weight, heart weight, intestine weight and abdominal fat weight were recorded. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SAS statistical package. The results recorded at finisher stage indicated that, there was significant difference (P<0.05) on body weight gain. The results of the carcass analysis indicated that, there was significant difference (P<0.05) for all the parameter with the exception of head and gizzard. The results of the cost of production of the test ingredients showed no significant difference (P<0.05) on total feed intake/kg/b and cost of feed consumed/b/₦ while a significant difference (P>0.05) were observed on body weight gain/kg/b, cost of feed/kg/ (₦) and cost of live weight gain/b/ (₦) by broilers at both starter and finisher phases. It could be concluded from the results of the study that, control diet and 50% level of inclusion are better.
Keywords: Meal, Source, Energy, Broilers, Finisher, Carcass Zamfara State.