Journal of Pure and Applied Science (JPAS)
Vol. 8 (3) March, 2017. ISSN 2278-8779
Published by:
Hummingbird Publications and Research International,
Chembian Heritage Suite, No 18, Justice Sowemimo Street,
Off T.Y Danjuma Str., Asokoro. P.O. BOX 16868, Wuse 3,
Abuja-FCT, Nigeria.
Copyright © 2017 Hummingbird Publications and Research International
POTENTIAL ZIKA VIRUS VECTORS OF KAUGAMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
AHMED, U.A
Department of Biological Science, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The Zika virus strain responsible for the outbreak in Brazil has been detected in Africa for the first time. This information will help African countries to re-evaluate their level of risk and adopt increase their levels of preparedness. These should include the study of potential vectors responsible for the disease. Identification of potential Zika virus vectors in Kaugama revealed the presence of five species of Aedes mosquito, Aedes furcifer 109 (19.46%), A. aegypti 92 (16.43%), A. africanus 132 (23.57%), A. albopictus 112 (20.00%) and A. taylori 115 (20.54%). Aedes africanus was the most abundant species encountered. Analysis of species abundance showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The abundance of the vectors was suggested to be due to large number of breeding places in the study area and probably improper mosquito control. Detection of Zika virus from the collected vectors is of great importance, serological detection of specific antibodies against Zika virus from the inhabitants is valuable tool to prove them as vectors and it is good to eradicate the potential vectors from the area.
Keyword: Kaugama, Potential, Species, Vectors, Zika virus
DESIGN TECHNIQUE FOR A STAND ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
1 HAMISU USMAN, 2 IDRIS MUHAMMED AND 3 ABUBAKAR MOHAMMED BABA
1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic 2Department of Computer Engineering, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria 3Department of Computer Engineering, college of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic.
ABSTRACT
This paper is aimed at the designing of a standalone photovoltaic system as an alternative back up power supply. Photovoltaic energy is one of the famous energy amongst the different renewable energies which is friendly source of energy that have no pollution to the environment. PV system is free from sun and direct conversion of solar energy into electricity. The proposed paper highlights the details procedure which involves designing, specifications of the various components involves in PV system installation. The aim of this work depends on the different factors such as geographical location, weather condition, solar irradiance and load profile of the proposed PV system.
Keyword: Photovoltaic System, Design, Specifications, sizing and techniques.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WEIBULL TO RAYLEIGH PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; A CASE OF TWO LOCATIONS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
- AHMED
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study is primarily aimed to compare the Weibull and Rayleigh Probability density function (Pdf), Abuja and Plateau north central Nigeria. Wind speed is the most important parameter in the analysis of wind energy resource, design and study of wind energy conversion systems. In this study, wind speed data for Abuja and Plateau north central Nigeria were collected from meteorological station Abuja, Nigeria at 10m height from years (1990-2006). In estimating the power density and error evaluation, Rayleigh models shows higher values than the Weibull model, and also returns higher error values. The Weibull model was found to be applicable in the analysis because it gives more accurate results in evaluating the wind energy. In these locations Plateau was found to have a very high wind power density as compared to Abuja with very low wind power density.
Keyword: Weibull, Rayleigh, Power density, Wind energy, Wind speed.
ASSESSMENT OF PROXIMATE AND FRUCTOSE LEVELS IN THE FRUIT PULP OF SOME SELECTED WILD FRUITS.
AMBI A.A*. GWARZO, Y.M., MUSA, S., AND DANASABE, B. D.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The proximate analysis and quantitative determination of fructose was carried out on the fruit pulps of; Sweet Dattock (Detarium microcarpum) ,African Peach (Sarcocephalus latifolius) and Rubber vine (Saba comorensis) using standard method of analysis. The results obtained revealed that D. microcarpum contained Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid, Ash, Fibre and Moisture content in the following ranges 50.04%, 9.8%, 11.22%, 10.56%, 19.21% and 9.25% respectively. S. latifolius gave values of 55.65%, 7.0%, 1.70%, 4.89%, 5.22% and 25.54% respectively. While S. comorensis gave values of 48.5%, 17.02%, 3.22%, 7.90%, 17.24% and 6.12% respectively. The proximate compositions of these fruits indicate that they can serve nutritional purposes. The fructose content for D. microcarpum is 0.00mg/100g, this may explain the reason for its blunt taste. That of S. latifolius is 6.00mg/100g while that of S. comorensis is 8.90mg/100g. The fructose contents of these two fruits suggested that they can be used as sources of fructose. The proximate compositions of the three fruits also suggested that they have nutritional importance.
Keyword: Fructose content. Wild fruit, Detarium microcarpum, S. latifolius, Saba comorensis HPLC
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCT- GASOLINE FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA.
1 NJOSI JUSTINA ANWILIKA & 2 ADEBOWALE A.O.J
1Department of Industrial Safety and Environmental Technology, Petroleum Training Institute, P.M.B 20 Effurun – Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. 2Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, Petroleum Training Institute, P.M.B 20 Effurun – Warri, Delta State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Qualitative and quantitative laboratory analysis of Gasoline samples were carried out on imported and locally refined products. The analysis was centered on the measurement of some properties and parameters such as American standard Testing methods -ASTM distillation, specific gravity, octane number, lead content, viscosity, flash point, vapor pressure and sulphur content, which were determined using the ASTM- American standard test methods and the application of some selected sophisticated modern petroleum analysis equipment. The volatilization rate of both Gasoline samples were determined, by the measurement of their optimum distillation temperatures and characteristics, which was the criteria used in the assessment Gasoline performance. The values and results obtained from the comparative study of the imported Gasoline, indicated deviation, from recommended standard quality requirement. The values further showed that the rate of volatilization of imported Gasoline was higher when compared to that of the locally refined Gasoline product. The study proved that the imported Gasoline, when used as fuel, vaporized too readily in pumps, fuel lines and carburetors, which lead to the increase in the rate of fuel consumption and eventually caused decreased fuel flow into the internal combustion engine and resulted to rough engine operation, stoppage, and increased in the rate of poisonous gas emission into the atmosphere. The findings, therefore suggest that, the importation of petroleum products, especially Gasoline should be discouraged, as it could lead to damage of automobiles from poor quality fuel, due to high rate of volatilization, environmental pollution, health hazards and economic waste for sustainable development.
Keyword: Gasoline, Characteristics, Volatilization, Distillation, Health Hazards, Economic Waste and Sustainable development.
OPTIMIZATION OF A DEHYDRATION UNIT OF AN LNG PLANT
- M. UMOH, PhD. AND D. E. EDEM
Petroleum and Natural Gas Processing Department, Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Liquefied natural gas or LNG is natural gas that has been converted into liquid form for ease of transportation and storage. Liquefaction process involves separating the raw natural gas from any associated water and high boiling hydrocarbon liquids. The major challenge encountered in the liquefaction plant is that of hydrates formation by the reaction of water (H2O) with some materials such as methane (CH4). In this work, the dehydration unit of a typical LNG Plant was modeled using ASPEN HYSYS to aid in curbing the possibilities of hydrate formation. In this regard, a chemical solvent (Triethylene Glycol-TEG) was used to remove water from the gas stream instead of molecular sieves. The choice of this solvent for the simulation process was due to the capability of the solvent to selectively absorb moisture content effectively. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of the solvent with molecular sieves used in Bonny Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) was also carried out. The initial composition of water in the natural gas stream before the simulation was 0.0588% by mole. At the end of the process simulation, the composition of water was reduced to 0.001% by mole. Also, there was a sharp increase in the percentage composition of methane. An increase in the circulation rate and temperature of the absorber and regenerator columns contribute to efficient water pickup. The equipment costing was found to be $239,958 while the energy consumption was 0.064$/kwh. Thus, this work has provided a frame work for the simulation of the Dehydration Unit of an LNG Plant using ASPEN HYSYS software.
Keyword: Liquefied Natural Gas, Dehydration, Aspen Hysys, Process Simulation, Triethlene Glycol.
EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA BASED PRODUCTS AGAINST TERMITE INFESTATION ON TRIPLOCHYTON SCLEROXYLON WOOD IN DAMATURU LOCAL GOVERNMENT, YOBE STATE OF NIGERIA.
AKWARANDU KARACHE E*., ALABI ADEDAMOLA S**., FILANI GBENGA S.***, ADEBISI ATILADE A.**, ALKALI USMAN U*, GODSPOWER OLAJUMOKE O**. AND SULEIMAN GAMBO S*.
* Forestry Technology Department, Yobe State College of Agriculture, Gujba, PMB 1104, Damaturu Post Office. **Department of Forestry Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igbo Ora, Oyo State ***Department of Forestry, Ministry of Environment Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State.
ABSTRACT
Termites’ attack on wood in use has been an issue of great concern in the Forestry and Wood industry. The non-durable but economically important wood of Triplochiton scleroxylon (obeche), which is one of the readily available and affordable woods in the construction and furniture industry today, will in a place like Damaturu, Yobe state of Nigeria, where termite attack on wood and wood products is very high (Olufemi et al., 2014, Oroke, 2014), be of little or no importance if adequate preservation measures are not taken to protect it; while at the same time, considerations have to be given to the economic, environmental and health cost of wood preservation. Equal number of wooden blocks from the same timber of obeche were subjected to three types of treatments namely treatment with Solignum, immersion in Neem extracts and Untreated or Control (N, S and C respectively) by immersing some of the blocks in a mixture of neem (Azadiratcha indica) seed oil and neem leaf extract, a mixture of solignum (chemical) with spent motor oil, and untreated (control) respectively and placed randomly inside an abandoned termite infested structure in Damaturu metropolis, Yobe state. After eight weeks, results showed that while there was a 27.82% reduction in weight in the untreated wood (C) due to destruction by termites, there was only 11.59% in S, while the least affected was N, with 10.28% reduction in weight. Though both the use of solignum and neem extracts showed very significant reduction in the level of termite attack, neem extracts (seed oil + leaf extracts) when compared to the control (untreated wood), N showed a slightly higher, but insignificant resistance compared to S at 5% degree of freedom. The results show that N is more effective in preservation of Triplochiton scleroxylon wood under the study period and condition. It is suggested that the use of solvents in diluting neem seed oil, scarification or incision of wood surface and hot treatment during application can make the wood to absorb preservatives better, thus making possible the use of the economic, environmental and health advantages of the neem products organic preservative.
Keyword: Azadiratcha indica, Scarification, Solignum, Obeche, Wood in use
A HISTORICAL APPROACH TO AFRICAN LEADERSHIP: THE CHALLENGES IN STORE FOR A NEW GENERATION LEADERS
UMAR MU’AZU TADAMA1, ABDULHAMID MU’AZU TADAMA2 AND KAIGAMA NANA AISHA3
1 Department of Chemical Engineering Technology 2Federal Inland Revenue Service3Departments of Business Administration and Management.
ABSTRACT
This historical context is indispensable in understanding the challenges in store for a new generation of African leaders. The failure of the first leaders could explain the poor position of African countries in world economic rankings. They were all unable to promote quality human resources, a key factor in the success of prosperous countries. They were also unable to adopt policies of freedom which allow for intelligent use of resources, the creation and stimulation of the intangible values and standards characteristic of open societies. (Umar, 2014; Umar & Sadiq, 2015A; Umar & Sadiq, 2015B) A new generation of leaders has to be considered, who are capable of facing up to a number of challenges such as fragmentation of the geographical region, historical conscience and inherited knowledge, relaying the foundations of the post-colonial and military State, promotion of democracy and human rights and the implementation of new conditions for political peace and freedom, the gauge of sustainable development. The ways in which these various challenges are tackled are crucial.
Keyword: History, Independence, Democracy, Civil Society, Leadership, Governance
INTERACTION OF AGE, HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL, SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
OLAPEGBA P.O (PhD.) & OSAMIKA BAMIDELE EMMANUEL
Department of Psychology, Faculty of The Social Sciences.
ABSTRACT
The concept of quality of life seems to be an indispensible one; particularly in the domain of health care and social services. Hence, the study examined a correlation among age, health locus of control, social support and the perceived quality of life of hypertensive patients. A purposive sample of two hundred (91 males and 109 females) hypertensive patients participated in the study. The age of this sample ranged between 25 and 75 years, means =46.35, SD =12.37. The sample was drawn from the outpatient cardiovascular ward of General Hospital Iwaro- Oka, Ondo –State, Nigeria. Three standardized psychological scales were used to collect data on health locus of control, social support and perceived quality of life of the sample. The data collected was analysed using correlation analysis. The result indicated that there was a positive correlation between age perceived quality of life of hypertensive patients (r{1,200}=.360; p<.01). In addition, social support and the perceived quality of life had positive correlation (r{1,200}=.114;p<.05). Moreover, there was no correlation between health locus of control and the perceived quality of life (r{1,200}=.017; p>.05). From the research results, responsible organizations and agencies should establish activities to promote social support for hypertensive patient to enhance their quality of life. Increasing public awareness to better understand basic needs for social support and providing education on nutrition and the age range related problems to the community were deemed important.
Keyword: Age, Health Locus of Control, Social Support and Perceived Quality of Life.
EQUITABLE GENDER PARTICIPATION: A WAY OF ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND INTERVENTION IN COCOA SUB-SECTOR.
ADEGBITE, BASHIRUADENIYI
Department of Agricultural Education, Osun State College of Education Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Cocoa has continued to play a dominant role in the provision of food, raw materials for industries, employs many farm families and foreign earnings, which used for several public capital developmental projects. Currently not less than 25 million Nigerians are either partially or wholly engaged in cocoa beans production across the 14 States of cocoa belt. In cocoa belt of Nigeria, growth in the cocoa sector has been achieved by increasing the land cultivated and many new entrants have joined the sector with a clear distinction of gender roles. The gendered control of household and community resources have been a strong factor that hindered the success of cocoa sustainability. The basis for gender participation lies in the labour that they perform and their ability to access available resources. Nigeria earned a total sum of $2.4bn from the exportation of cocoa, rubber and other non-oil commodities with cocoa products worth $666.5million, accounted for the highest non-oil export earnings in 2014. The study will ascertain socio-economic characteristics of gender involvement in production activities and determine their levels of involvement. About 120 respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique to elicit relevant data. Data were analyzed to test the significant relationship and strength of association of gender involvement. It was observed that 39.2% were in the age range of 41 and 60 years while 35.0% were older than 60 years. About 63.0% were married which assisted family labour supplies. Though over 50.0% of farmers did not attend any formal schooling system but they were noticed to be highly intelligent and experience. The findings also revealed that, women were much more involved in on-farm and processing operations than men and children. However, children were not abused in carry out on-farm operations but over 70.0% of children were actively involved in pod braking and drying activities. The X2 Cal (10.8) > X2Tab (3.8) at 0.05 level of significant shows a significant relationship in the level of gender involvement.
Keyword: gender mainstream, intervention, socio-economic, sustainability, and sustenance.
DIETARY HABITS, NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND STATUS OF RURAL SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN (6 – 11 YEARS) IN BAUCHI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
*ADEOSUN, F. FLORENCE 1, AHMAD M. ABDULLAHI 1
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi
ABSTRACT
Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in the quality of life, health and longevity. This study is aimed at assessing the dietary habits, nutritional knowledge and status of rural school-aged children in Bauchi Local Government Area. A total of 100 school children aged 6-11 years (44 males and 56 females) were selected through a purposive simple random sampling procedure. Structured interviewer questionnaire was used to obtain information on children’s family characteristics, parents’ socio-economic characteristics; and the dietary habits. The height and weight were measured using approved method. The WHO reference Body Mass Index (BMI)-for-age was used to classify the children. Data obtained were analyzed using statistical tools such as frequencies, percentages, mean, T-test and standard deviation and compare with standard for different variables using SPSS version 16.0 and Total Diet Assessment for 24-hours dietary recall. The Children height-for-age and weight-for age was analyzed using WHO anthroplus software (2005 version). The children were from farming communities and consume highly monotonous diet (maize based) 77%. The BMI-for-age of the respondents were 38% normal, 29% mild, moderate 24% and 9% severe respectively. The prevalence of stunting (low height-for-age) was mild (38%), moderate (25%) and severe (7%). Total Diet Assessment (TDA) for the 24-hours dietary recall of school children showed that there is diet deficiencies both qualitative and quantitative intake of nutrients analysed such as Phosphorus (17.86%), Potassium (30.22%), sodium (30.77%), magnesium (32.02%), calories (33.55%), fat (44.52%) while excess intake of carbohydrate (102.11% of the RDA) and fiber (105.36% of the RDA) were also identified There is an urgent need for the development of school-based intervention programmes targeted at school aged children in rural communities of Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State and similar communities in Nigeria in order to curtail the situation.
Keyword: Nutritional Rural, Knowledge, School-Aged, Children.
FORMULATION OF RECYCLED POLYSTYRENE WASTE INTO ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ADHESIVE
1 I.Y CHINDO, 2 ALIYU JAURO AND 3 K A BARAYA
1 And 2 Department of Chemistryabubbakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi And 3 Department of Chemistryaminu Saleh College of Education, Azare—Bauchi State
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed at formulating environmentally friendly adhesive from polystyrene waste. Plastic waste has become a serious problem in the society. The recycling of plastic waste will reduced its accumulation in the landfills and death of animals due to improper disposal of plastic food bags that are eaten by the animals. It was observed in the study that acetone and petrol are better solvents for polystyrene waste adhesive formulation. It was discovered that the proper way of disposing plastic waste is recycling. The drying time was also investigated and found that petrol, acetone and ethanol have drying time of 2 minute, 1.5 minutes and 2.2minutes respectively. The emission of formaldehyde is less in petrol/polystyrene adhesive when compared with that of acetone and ethanol. The study is therefore aimed at converting polystyrene waste to economically and environmentally friendly adhesive.
Keyword: Environmental, Formulation, Recycled, Polystyrene, Waste.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE NATURAL MORTALITY RATE OF A DIABETIC POPULATION USING THE METHOD OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
U.C. AMADI AND E.N. EKAKA-A
Department of Mathematics, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This paper explores a non- linear mathematical modeling of a population of diabetes which is categorized into controlled diabetic patients and uncontrolled diabetic patients. Numerical analysis approach has been utilized to solve a well-posed model equations and the results of numerical simulations are obtained.
Keyword: modeling, evaluation, natural mortality rate, diabetic population, numerical analysis.