THEME:ACHIEVING NEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACTIVITIES FOR ACADEMICIANS AND INSTITUTIONS
DATE: 29th – 31st OCTOBER, 2024
VENUE: UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
ORGANIZER: TIMBOU AFRICAN ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACT:
INFLUENCE OF WEED CONTROL PRACTICES AND RATES OF NPK FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) IN NSUKKA, NIGERIA
1Osadebe, V.O.,
1Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
1Dauda, N.,
1Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
1Nwaeze, C.C.,
1Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
1Amuji, C.F.,
1Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
1Ukwu, U.N.,
1Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
1Uzoigwe, A.D.,
1Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted in the year 2020 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka located in derived savanna agro-ecology of Southeastern Nigeria. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of four (4) weed control methods and three (3) rates of NPK fertilizer application on the growth and yield of Bambara groundnut. The treatments were black polyethylene mulch (BPM), two manual weeding with hoe at 30 and 60 days after planting (MHW), twice application of 0.2 kg a.i. ha-1 Haloxyfop post emergence herbicide spray at 30 and 60 days after planting (HPH) and un-weeded plot (UWP). The NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer application has three levels which are 0, 100 and 150 kg/ha. There were 12 treatments coded BPM-0, BPM-100, BPM-150, MHW-0, MHW-100, MHW-150, HPH-0, HPH-100, HPH-150, UWP-0. UWP-100 and UWP-150. These treatments were laid out in 4 x 3 factorial arrangements replicated three times in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The objectives were to ascertain the effect of weed control practice and fertilizer application for optimum growth and yield of Bambara groundnut and to check the incidence of weeds in the different plots. The study revealed that the plots mulched with black polyethylene and with 100 kg/ha fertilizer application recorded shorter days to emergence (6.67 days), higher canopy diameter (29.0 cm), higher number of branches per plant (7.83), number of leaves per plant (53.70) and plant height (24.0 cm). It also recorded fewer number of broadleaves (0.71), number of grasses (1.27), number of sedges (0.71), less weed weight (0.45) and higher seed yield (46.70 g). It could be concluded from the study that the factorial combination of plots mulched with black polyethylene and 100 kg/ha application of NPK fertilizer provided positive results for vegetative and reproductive growth as well as weed control in Bambara groundnut field and therefore should be recommended for efficient production of Bambara groundnut.
Keywords: weed population, weed biomass, Bambara groundnut, NPK fertilizer, weed control.
EFFECT OF TERTIARY EDUCATION TAX ON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA. THE MODERATING ROLE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS.
Lawal Mohammed, PhD,
International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,
Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Abdurahman Musa, PhD,
Department of Business Administration,
Alqalam University Katsina,
Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study examined the moderating effect of technological innovation on the relationship between tertiary education tax and educational development in Nigeria from 1994 to 2023. Tertiary Education Tax was measured by using the Education Tax Revenue Collection from the Federal Inland Revenue Service. Educational Development was measured using Education Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria Retrieved form the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and the moderating variable of Technology Innovation was measured using Global Innovation Index (GII). The descriptive statistics result indicated that the data constituted thirty observations. The hypotheses tested revealed that TET has positively impacted in Nigerian Educational Development with particular focus on Tertiary institutions. Moreover, the second hypothesis indicated that Technological Innovations moderates the relationship between TET and Educational Development in Nigeria. The result of the ordinary least square method analyzed using SPSS V 20 stated that the R value of and the R square value of 0.661 and 0.436 respectively indicted that there exists a significant relationship between the dependent, independent and the moderating variables of the OLS model estimated. It shows that the significant relationship is explained by 66.1% and 43.6% of the values of the R and squared. It was recommended that the Federal Inland Revenue Service of Nigeria should improve the collection of TET by taking the advantage of the technological innovations. The government of Nigeria should improve on adherence to proper accountability and transparency in the disbursement of the tertiary education tax to the Nigerian higher Institutions of learning.
Keywords: Education, Tertiary Education Tax, Technology, Innovation, Educational Development.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AMONG ADOLESCENTS AGED 10-19 IN OGBOMOSO NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE.
Adebusoye Michael Sunday,
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Oyo- State, Nigeria.
Alagbe Iyanu Caleb,
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Oyo- State, Nigeria.
Alabi Olubunmi Dupe,
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Oyo- State, Nigeria.
Gbadegesin Imosi Oyesola,
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Oyo- State, Nigeria.
Kareem Balqis Romoke,
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Oyo- State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Adolescence, a critical period for growth and development, demands adequate nutrition to prevent malnutrition, obesity, and related health issues. This study aimed to assess anthropometric measurements and food consumption patterns among adolescents aged 10-19 in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, Oyo State, to identify nutritional status and associated risk factors. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 200 adolescents, selected using multi-stage sampling techniques. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI) were taken, and a semi-structured questionnaire gathered data on dietary habits. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to evaluate associations between food consumption patterns and nutritional status, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. The study revealed that most participants were aged 16-19 years (39.1%) and had secondary education (54.7%). Among the participants, 52.5% had a normal BMI, while 25.5% were overweight, and 13.5% were obese. Significant associations with BMI classification were observed for level of education (p = 0.046) and occupation (p = 0.027). No significant associations were found for age (p = 0.179), residence (p = 0.369), religion (p = 0.086), or ethnicity (p = 0.243). Dietary assessments indicated that 40.5% of adolescents consumed only two meals per day, with a notable reliance on out-of-home food sources; 32.1% ate outside the home 2-3 times a week. Additionally, 10.5% of adolescents were stunted. Despite most adolescents having a normal BMI, the high prevalence of being overweight, obesity, and stunting underscores the urgent need for targeted public health interventions. The irregular meal patterns and dependency on energy-dense foods necessitate comprehensive strategies to promote healthier eating habits. It is vital to implement school-based nutrition programs, encourage physical activity, and provide socio-economic support to improve access to nutritious foods and prevent central adiposity.
Keywords: Adolescents, Anthropometric Measurements, Nutritional Status, Food Consumption Patterns.
DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOOD SPICES USING ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE(EDXRF)
Hankouraou Seydou,
Department of Physics,
Gombe State University,
Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.
Isah Zubaida Hussaini,
Department of Physics,
Gombe State University,
Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Food spices are reported to contain many elements with positive or negative health effects. The physiological activities in humans and other mammals of these effects is very significant. These elements are required by the human body in small amounts. The EDXRF techniques was successfully used in determining the concentration of trace element in some food spices available in Gombe .The elements determined with their range values in ppm are: S(678-163000) ,Cl(21500-295000) ,Cr(8.67-116), Ni (2.83-88.6),Cu (15.5-1050 ), Zn (1.56-2340 ), Br (57.4-164 ), Rb (6.35-712), Sr (23.9-3120), Y(110 ), Zr (7.36-733 ), U ( 227-368 ), Na(27600-528258.065), Mg (345-28020 ), Al (3102.353-10270.588),Si(532-21326.666),P(42.352-8426.761),K(590.808- 121978.723),Ca(975- 259285.714), Mn (2406 ), Fe (18.9-1. 0850), and I (0.061-33.8 ).These values indicate that there were considerable amount of trace element in some food spices .the daily intake value of these trace elements ranges in mg/day are: S(1.220-293.400), Cl (432-406.800), Cr (0.059-0.209), Ni (0.005-0.159), Cu(0.028-1.890), Zn (0.003-4.212), Br(0.103-0.295),Rb(0.011-1.282),Sr(0.043-5.616),Y(0.198),Zr(0.013-1.319),U(408.6-662.4), Na(49.680-950.865), Mg (4.007-50.436), Al (5.584-18.487), Si (0.958-38.388), P (0.076-99.025), K(1.063-219.562), Ca(1.723-466.714), Mn (4.331), Fe (0.034-19.530), and I (0,061-0.232). The daily intakes values determined show that locust bean present a great potential values for being used as a food supplement when compare with values in salt, onga and maggi.
Key words: Trace elements, EDXRF, Spices and dietary intakes
IMPACT OF PLASTIC POLLUTION ON FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY IN MAKURDI, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Garba Umar,
Department of Geography,
Faculty of Environmental Science,
Nasarawa State University, Keffi,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Iliyasu M. Anzaku,
Department of Science,
School of Continuing Education,
Bayero University, Kano,
Kano State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Plastics are dominant pollutants in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Scientific studies that investigated the interaction between plastics and freshwater biodiversity are incipient, especially if compared to the marine realm. In this review, we provide a brief overview of plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems around the world. We found evidence of plastic ingestion by 206 freshwater species, from invertebrates to mammals, in natural or semi-natural ecosystems. In addition, we reported other consequences of synthetic polymers in freshwater ecosystems—including, for instance, the entanglement of animals of different groups (e.g., birds). The problem of plastic pollution is complex and will need coordinated actions, such as recycling programs, correct disposal, stringent legislation, regular inspection, replacement of synthetic polymers with other materials, and ecological restoration. Current information indicates that the situation in freshwater ecosystems may be as detrimental as the pollution found in the ocean, although highly underappreciated.
Keywords: Plastic, Pollution, Fresh, Water, Ecosystem, Biodiversity.
EVALUATION OF DIFFUSE SOLAR RADIATION AND ASSOCIATED METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN OSOGBO, NIGERIA
Olawale Olaniran Kayode,
Department of Physics,
Federal Polytechnic Ede,
Osun State, Nigeria.
Yusuf Abdulhamid,
Atmospheric Data Station,
Physics with Electronics Unit,
Department of Physics, Electronics & Earth Sciences,
Fountain University, Osogbo,
Osun State, Nigeria.
Amodu Roseline F.,
Department of Physics,
Federal Polytechnic Ede,
Osun State, Nigeria.
Ogunwusi Bimpe A.,
Department of Physics,
Federal Polytechnic Ede,
Osun State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper evaluates the diffuse solar radiation and associated meteorological parameters in Osogbo, Nigeria, using data spanning five years (2019-2023). Daily records of global, direct, and diffuse solar radiation were retrieved from NASA’s archives. The analysis revealed annual and seasonal variations in all solar radiation components, with peak values occurring at different times of the year. These variations are crucial for understanding solar energy potential and its application in the region.
Keywords: Diffuse radiation, Osogbo, solar radiation components, seasonal variation, meteorological parameters.
GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR HEAT TOLERANCE IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CROSSES
- M. Abdullahi,
Cereals Research Department,
Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri,
Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
[Department of Agronomy,
Faculty of Agriculture,
Federal University, Lafia,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria].
- Usman,
Cereals Research Department,
Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri,
Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
[Department of Agronomy,
Faculty of Agriculture,
Federal University, Lafia,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria].
- K. Mala,
Cereals Research Department,
Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri,
Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
B.G. J, Kabir,
Cereals Research Department,
Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri,
Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
A.S, WALI,
Cereals Research Department,
Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri,
Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Heat is a global challenge to wheat production such that more than 50% of the cultivated area experiences heat stress leading to dramatic yield loss every year. Mitigating this constraint requires development of heat tolerant varieties. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic variability for heat tolerance in F2 bread wheat crosses. Six genotypes comprising of three heats tolerant and three heats susceptible were crossed to generate three sets of crosses: 29872 × 30119 (Cross I), Tesfa ×29642 (Cross II) and 30098 × 29988 (Cross III). The F1 progenies of each cross were advanced to F2. The parents, F1, and F2 of each cross were evaluated under heat stress condition (27-370C) at Research farm, Federal University of Lafia in randomized complete block design with two replications. Data collected were: tiller count, plant height (cm), days to heading, days to maturity, length of spike (cm), number of spikelets per spike, grain yield (g), 1000 grain weight (g), biomass (g), SPAD chlorophyll reading, canopy temperature (0C), membrane thermal stability (%) and relative cell injury (%). Results of analysis of variance revealed significant (p≤0.05) differences among the generations for all traits studied except canopy temperature and length of spike in cross I. High genotypic coefficient of variation (24.06 – 52.29%), broad-sense heritability (>60%) and predicted genetic advance expressed as percentage of mean (23.16 – 55.04%, except MTS 9.35% were recorded for yield, SPAD, MTS and RCI in cross II. Similar trend were observed in cross I and III.
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) IN ROAD NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR OPTIMAL ROUTE DETERMINATION FOR EMERGENCY SITUATION WITHIN JEGA METROPOLIS, KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA
Emernari Udochukwu S.,
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics,
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Adewale Adebayo,
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics,
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Mohammed Nanoh Bello,
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics,
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Road Network Analysis is a process of monitoring and studying various interconnecting roads between street, town and cities in order of determining the activities taking place such as security/insecurity, accidents, traffic congestion etc with aim to proffer optimal route in time of emergency based on the study carried out. The purpose of this project is to carry out Road Network Analysis for Optimal route determination in time of emergency situation within Jega metropolis in Jega Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Jega is one of the commercial towns as well as the headquarters of Jega Local government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria with a lot of infrastructure development, thus in dire needs for road network analysis to define their locations. The data source for the study was gotten from topographic map, satellite images/shapefile of the study area and field survey using a GPS receiver device to collect coordinates of major ground control points and some important landmark features. This research incorporated the use of geospatial techniques and functionalities such as scanning, Georeferencing, shapefile downloading, digitizing and geo-database creation, cartographic generalization, map composition to generate a Road Network Analysis map as well as total distance coverage and percentage comparison between the two classes of the road. Again, road density and optimal route for emergency situation in the study area were all determined. The result and findings from the work revealed that various road classes such as minor and major exist in the study area. The numbers of minor roads are forty five (45) while the numbers of major roads are three (3) thus totaling forty – eight roads in the study area. Again, the total coverage of the road within the study area is 24623.102m (24.623km) which is shared between minor road as 20747m (20.747km) and major road as 3876m (3.876km). Further analysis on percentage on total road coverage was conducted, minor road coverage stand at 84.259% while that of major road stands at 15.741%. Road density of the study area was determined as 52.05m/km2 which indicated that is of medium type and that the study area is semi urban. Optimal route in term of emergency situation was discovered from Jega round about to college of health science and from Yauri road to General Hospital with the use of distance (1.248897km and 1.727km) as the impedance respectively. It was recommended that government should adopt standard format of road labeling within the study area and other places as well as formulation of database for keeping street information to avoid ambiguity in looking for street name.
MOISTURE-DEPENDENT PHYSIO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MUCUNA BEAN SPECIES IMPORTANT IN BULK HANDLING, AND MECHANICAL PROCESSING
Aneke, V.I.,
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering,
School of Engineering Technology,
Federal Polytechnic, Oko,
Anambra State, Nigeria.
Nwainyinya, S.M.,
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering,
School of Engineering Technology,
Federal Polytechnic, Oko,
Anambra State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study determined some physical and mechanical properties of Mucuna Pruriens and Veracruz seeds grown in Nigeria under different moisture contents range of 6.04 to 15.82% (db). The physical properties were determined using a Mettler Toledo weighing machine, moisture analyzer, multi-purpose oven dryer, and a Vernier caliper, while the mechanical properties were determined using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results of the physical properties showed that the major diameter, minor diameter, intermediate diameter, and porosity, ranged from 1.4 to 1.86 (cm); 0.76 to 0.82 (cm); 1.09 to 1.29 (cm); and 0.22 to 0.41 respectively across both varieties. It was discovered that the changes in physical parameters and moisture were linear. Thus, the physical characteristics of Mucuna Pruriens and Veracruz are only impacted by the sample’s moisture content. This outcome is comparable to the findings of [2, 4, 6, 9]. It was shown that the mechanical characteristics of Veracruz and Mucuna Pruriens depended on the moisture content (6.04 to 15.82%) (db). At the p<0.05 level, the correlation between mechanical characteristics and moisture content was statistically significant. At the p<0.05 level, the correlation between the mechanical and physical parameters and the moisture content was statistically significant. Additionally, it was discovered that it is more cost-effective to load both samples vertically at 15.82% moisture content to lower the energy required to crush or break the seed.
Keywords: Mucuna Prureins, Mucuna Veracruz, Moisture Content, Physical Properties and Mechanical Properties
ANALYSIS OF RISK INVOLVED IN COMMERCIAL PROPERTY
Adebayo, Oyekanmi Oluwole,
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechni, Birnin Kebbi,
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Abdulazeez, Shakirat Remilekun,
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechni, Birnin kebbi
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The seminar focused mainly on analyzing the risks involved in commercial property investment returns in Birnin Kebbi Township, Kebbi state, Objectives were drawn which include among others: identification of different elements/factors of risk associated with commercial property investment returns in the study areas, assessment of the effects of risk on commercial property investment returns in the study areas. Both primary and secondary data sources were employed, the sample frame for the seminar include practicing Estate Surveyors and Valuers (2) property Agents (12), commercial property Investors in Ahmadu Bello Way (34) while that of Rafi Atiku Road (21), a total of 69 questionnaires were administered to the respondents and 61 questionnaires were retrieved, this represented 88.4% retrieval, purposive sampling techniques was used in administering the Questionnaires. The study revealed that void, rent default risk and Locational risk were the main risk affecting investment returns on commercial property in the study areas with weighted mean of 4.250, 4.125 and 3.675, the study also revealed that there is significant effect of risks on commercial property investment returns in the study areas but more in Ahmadu Bello way. It was recommended among others that professionals (property investment experts) in property industry should be encouraged to conduct regular market analysis at interval as there are little or no works being carried out in performance and portfolio analysis.
APPLICATION OF DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR OBJECT DETECTION AND OCCLUSION MANAGEMENT
Nwadialor Calista Uchenna
Anameje Chinwe Angela
Abstract
A major issue in computer vision applications is the growing complexity of real-world situations, particularly the difficulty of recognising partly obstructed objects. Advanced deep learning methods for occlusion control and object recognition are crucial to addressing this. This work explores the use of Mask R-CNN and Faster R-CNN models to improve the efficiency and accuracy of object recognition in occlusion scenarios. With the use of pretrained models like Faster-RCNN with Inception that were trained on the MS COCO dataset and TensorFlow’s object identification API, the project aims to enhance pixel-wise segmentation and region proposal creation. With its Region Proposal Network (RPN), Faster R-CNN expedites object detection by producing precise and timely region suggestions. By adding instance segmentation, Mask R-CNN expands on this and strengthens its ability to recognise occluded objects. High performance was demonstrated by the models on datasets such MS COCO and PASCAL VOC. Mask R-CNN achieved a real-time speed of 46.7 FPS, which qualified it for use in real-time and mobile applications. The results provide important advances towards the creation of trustworthy object detection systems for uses in intelligent surveillance and autonomous systems.
Keywords: Object Detection; Deep Learning; Faster R-CNN; Mask R-CNN; Regional Proposal Network; Occlusion Management
ANTI-BACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF Massularia acuminata METHANOLIC STEM EXTRACT ON DENTAL BIOFILM MICROBES
Muhammed Maikarfi
Department of Applied Chemistry,
Kaduna Polytechnic, P.M.B 2021, Kaduna,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Ibrahim Adamu Usman
Department of Applied Chemistry,
Kaduna Polytechnic, P.M.B 2021, Kaduna,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Abdulhameed Oluwatomi Ali
Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
Institute of Applied Sciences,
Kwara State Polytechnic, P.M.B 1375, Ilorin,
Kwara State, Nigeria.
Usman Alhaji
Department of Applied Chemistry,
Kaduna Polytechnic, P.M.B 2021, Kaduna,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Dental caries is a prevalent oral infection worldwide caused by bacterial adherence to tooth surface and biofilms formation. Prevention of adherence on tooth enamel is crucial in halting orodental progression. Objectives: The objective was to determine the antibacterial potential of Masularia acuminata stem extract against bacterias responsible for biofilm formation. Methods: Methanolic stem extract was prepared by maceration. The qualitative phytoconstituents were tested according to respective methods, GC-MS was adopted in revealing the compounds present in the plant. The antibacterial activity of the extract against the organism was investigated by agar diffusion techniques. Results: M. Acuminata extract revealed 40 non-fragmental compounds was revealed by GC-MS. Antibacterial suseptibility tests revealed the plant extract had antibacterial potential through the zones of inhibitions in a dose-dependent manner; with the widest zones observed at 100 mg/ml on both test organisms. Conclusion: Methanolic stem extract of M. acuminata had antibacterial effect against both test organisms, and may be considered an alternative means for controlling oral pathogens.
Keywords: Masularia acuminata, antibacterial, oral pathogens, dental biofilm, glucans.
EFFECT OF COMPUTER AIDED INSTRUCTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HEARING IMPAIRED STUDENTS IN TECHNICAL DRAWING IN GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL COLLEGES IN KADUNA STATE
Musa Garba,
Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Jolly Charles Nairi,
Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Nasiru Ibrahim,
Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effect of computer-aided instruction on the performance of hearing challenged students in technical drawing. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. Related empirical studies were reviewed which served as the basis for this study. The study adopted quasi experimental design. A sample of 45 NTCII hearing challenge students from Government Science and Technical College Soba and Government Science and Technical College Malali, was used as research sample. The whole population was used because of its manageable size. The researcher developed the technical drawing computer aided instruction package which was used as treatment for the experimental group while the control were exposed to the traditional (demonstration) method. The instrument for data collection was Technical Drawing Performance Test (TDPT) validated by two experts in Technology Education. A 25 items multiple choice objective test and 5 structured questions in plane and solid geometry, adapted from the National Business and Technical Examination Board (NABTEB) past examination questions was used to collect data. The data collected was analysed using mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The study revealed that there is significant difference between the mean performance and retention scores of students with hearing impairment taught technical drawing using computer-aided instruction (CAI) and those taught expose traditional instruction in favour of CAI. It was recommended among others, that technical drawing teachers should adopt the use of CAI in teaching the hearing impaired.
Keywords: Computer, Instruction, Hearing-impaired, Technical drawing
INFORMATION HIDING IN DIGITAL IMAGE BASED ON MOST SIGNIFICANT BITS (MSB) USING PROTECTED TEXT HIDING SCHEME (PTHS)
Kauthar Kabir,
Department of Computer Software Engineering,
Katsina State Institute of Technology and Management,
Katsina-Nigeria, PMB 2101,
Katsina State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Data and information security are the major matters and issues in the domain of Modern Communication Network. The exchange of important aspects in the internet specifically information and data may expose it to malicious acts. In order to tackle this challenge there is need to come up with a technique so that the existence of confidential information is protected from illegal attacks. This paper projected image steganography approach known as most Significant Bit (MSB). This approach is enhanced using Protected Text Hiding Scheme (PTHS) by embedding message bits at a random manner in to the image to come up with more secured scheme. The existence of more complexity to cryptosystems is the goal of the proposed scheme and the time of execution does not vary much than the traditional method so that the message hidden in the image does not give room to malicious attack. The result of the proposed scheme is more efficient than the traditional means.
Keywords: Steganography, MSB Technique, cryptosystems.
ABSTRACT NO.2
EFFECTS OF COMPETITIVE AND JIGSAW COLLABORATION LEARNING STRATEGIES ON STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN GEOMETRY AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN FCT, ABUJA. NIGERIA
Etok, Akan Jonah,
Department of Science Education,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Prof. (Mrs) Gimba, R. W.,
Department of Science Education,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Prof. Hassan A. A.,
Department of Science Education,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Dr. Yusuf, A.,
Department of Mathematics,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the Effects of Competitive and Jigsaw collaborative Learning Strategies on Students’ Interest in Geometry among Senior Secondary School students in Abuja. The study employed a quasi – experimental design using pre-test posttest and non-equivalent control group. A sample of 245 SSII students, comprising of One Hundred and thirty -one (131) males and One Hundred fourteen (114) females were used for the study. A multi stage sampling techniques were used for the study. Instrument for data collection was Students’ Geometry Interest Inventory (SGII) for competitive and jigsaw collaborative learning strategies. The instruments were validated by five experts in mathematics education, three Senior Lectures from Department of Science Education Federal University of Technology, Minna, two Principal Lectures from FCT – COE, Zuba as well as two teachers of mathematics from FCT-SEB. The reliability coefficient of the instruments were obtained using Cronbach Alpha was 0.87 and 0.79 for SGII for competitive and jigsaw collaborative learning strategies. Three research questions were raised and three null hypotheses that were tested at 0.05 level of significant. Ranks Mean were used to answered research questions and Mann Whitney U-test was statistical tool used for testing null hypotheses. The results revealed that the use of competitive learning strategy enhance students’ achievement in geometry. Among other recommendations is that, mathematics teachers should be encouraged to adopt these strategies in the classroom.
Keywords; Competitive, Jigsaw collaborative. Learning strategy, Students and interest
CONSEQUENCE OF LENDING STRATEGIES ON THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED BANKS IN KANO STATE – NIGERIA
Kaltume Mohammed Kamselem,
Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship,
Faculty of Management Sciences,
Bayero University, Kano,
Kano State, Nigeria
Abstract
Bottom of Form
The lending strategies adopted by Nigerian banks have a significant impact on their business performance. Nigerian banks plays a very critical role in providing deposit and credit facilities for personal and corporate customers, making credit and liquidity available in adverse market conditions, and providing access to the nation’s payments systems. It is in view of this that this study examines the effect of lending policies on the financial performance of bank in Nigeria. The study explores the effects of central bank policies, deposit sizes, decision-making levels, guarantees, interest rates, and control mechanisms on banks in Kano State -Nigeria ‘ financial outcomes. Drawing from a conceptual framework that highlights the intricate relationship between lending policies, regulatory guidelines, economic factors, and risk management, the study employs a non-probabilistic Quota sampling technique to gather data from 130 Credit Officers across thirteen banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Using both primary (questionnaires) and secondary data sources, the study employs statistical analyses, including multiple and simple linear regression, to evaluate the hypothesis-driven relationships. Findings reveal significant correlations among policy variables, with nuanced impacts on financial performance. Overall, this study will provide valuable insights into the consequences of lending strategies on the business performance of selected banks in Kano State, Nigeria. The findings of this research can be used by banks to make informed decisions when developing their lending strategies and by policymakers to create a conducive environment for banks to thrive. This research has the potential to contribute to the existing literature on banking strategies and could be a valuable resource for further studies in this field.
Key words: Lending, Strategies, financial, performance and Banks
INNOVATION IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: NEW STRATEGY AND APPROACHE TOWARDS AFRICAN CONTENT DEVELOPMENT IN THE FAST MOVING WORLD
Fatima Binta Haruna
Department of Economics and Development Studies,
Federal University Dutse,
Jigawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This paper looked into the multifaceted landscape of African entrepreneurship, providing insights into the key drivers of its expansion and the persistent obstacles. The growth of entrepreneurship in Africa is propelled by a confluence of factors. population, coupled with increasing urbanization and connectivity, these has created a fertile ground for business innovation. Government initiatives and international partnerships have also played pivotal roles, fostering an environment conducive to entrepreneurial endeavors. Notably, a rising culture of innovation and a wave of tech-driven startups are contributing to the continent’s economic diversification. However, this entrepreneurial surge coexists with a host of problems that demand attention. Infrastructure deficiencies, including unreliable power supply and inadequate transportation networks, hamper the operational efficiency of businesses. Limited access to financing remains a pervasive issue, hindering the potential of aspiring entrepreneurs to transform their ideas into viable enterprises. Regulatory complexities, bureaucratic hurdles, and political instability further complicate the entrepreneurial landscape. Navigating the intricate socio-economic fabric of Africa, entrepreneurs face unique cultural and contextual challenges. Disparities in education and skill levels pose barriers to entry, requiring a concerted effort to bridge gaps and empower a diverse pool of aspiring business leaders. Recognizing the significance of inclusivity, this paper emphasizes the need for tailored support mechanisms to address the specific needs of women and marginalized communities in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. In conclusion, this paper presents a general overview of entrepreneurship in Africa, imperative for comprehensive strategies that not only foster a conducive environment for business growth but also address the diverse and context-specific impediments to entrepreneurial success. By embracing the dual facets of growth and challenges, Africa can unlock its entrepreneurial potential and pave the way for sustainable economic development.
INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR AFRICA: BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
Mohammed Ahmed Jibrin. PhD,
Department of Educational Fundations
Psychology Unit
Faculty of Education
Nasarawa State University, Keffi,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Akwaden Joshua Ibrahim,
Department of Guidance and Counselling
Faculty of Education
Nasarawa State University, Keffi,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
3U.V. Oyinvwi (PhD),
Department of Educational Fundations
Psychology Unit
Faculty of Education
Nasarawa State University, Keffi,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Africa faces considerable challenges in providing quality education to all citizens, a situation worsened by the digital divide, which limits access to modern learning tools. Many communities, especially in rural areas, lack adequate infrastructure, such as internet connectivity and electricity, preventing equitable access to educational resources. Additionally, underfunded schools, a shortage of trained teachers, and socio-economic disparities further undermine efforts to deliver effective education. However, the rise of educational technology (EdTech) offers a promising solution. Digital platforms, mobile learning tools, and low-cost educational devices can transform how education is accessed, delivered, and experienced across the continent. These technologies enable remote learning and provide opportunities for personalized education, overcoming traditional barriers like inadequate classrooms and physical materials. This paper explores how innovative EdTech solutions are helping to bridge the digital divide in Africa. Successful case studies, such as mobile learning programs and internet-enabled schools, illustrate how technology can enhance educational outcomes in underserved areas. However, widespread adoption of these solutions faces several barriers, including lack of infrastructure, high costs, and limited digital literacy. To overcome these obstacles, the paper proposes strategies such as improving digital infrastructure, fostering public-private partnerships, and integrating technology into education policies. By leveraging technology for education, African countries can promote sustainable development and achieve inclusive growth, ensuring all citizens benefit from the digital revolution in learning. This approach is crucial for preparing Africa’s youth for a globalized economy and future challenges.
Keywords: Educational technology, digital divide, Africa, e-learning, mobile learning, inclusive education, digital infrastructure.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN UNILEVER NIGERIA PLC
Dr. Ogundare Olusegun Samuel,
Centre for Part-time Studies
Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo,
Oyo State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The study examined employee engagement and organizational performance in unilever Nigeria Plc. Communication, collective bargaining, Human resource policy, working condition and employment level of education was used to evaluate employee engagement, while sales & market share, profitability, customer satisfaction, return on investment was used to evaluate organization profitability. The sample of 286 persons was drawn from various departments within the organization using purposive sampling method. Primary data used for the story was collected through the use of structured questionnaire, while the data was analyzed using SPSS. At 5% level of significance the result for hypothesis one shared that there is a significant relationship between employee engagement and organizational performance. In view of the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that organizations should always use the instrument of communication, collective bargaining, human resource policies and programmes, good working condition reward and recognition and adopting policies and programmes that will increase and strengthen educational advancements to achieve a healthier employee engagement and curb conflict that could impinge on organizational performance.
Keywords: Employee engagement, organizational performance, collective bargaining, working condition, reward & recognition.
MASSIVE DATA INTENSIVE COMPUTING IN COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE THE USE OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE FOR INTENSIVE COMPUTING OF MASSIVE DATA
Professor Francisca,
Nonyelum Ogwueleka,
Dr. Amina, Imam,
Isaac, Oluwadare Daniel,
ABSTRAT
The quantity of massive data in the world is growing at an alarming rate, humans are contributing heavily on this data such as the scientist and engineers by gathering data using various computational method and instrument at vast rate. In this study, we define massive data intensive computing, in computational science, and identifying the challenges of massive data, and also outline the hardware, software, and paradigms used for massive data computing, and discuss a number of applications in real life.
Keywords: Massive data, computational science, computing paradigms.
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRIMES, ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR BANKING INDUSTRY AND NIGERIA ECONOMY
Nwinee Kpurugbara, PhD,
Department of Accountancy,
Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola,
Rivers State, Nigeria.
Nweke, Emmanuel Onyekachi PhD,
Department of Office Technology and Management,
Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola,
Rivers State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to determine the impact of fraud and related financial crimes on the growth and development of Nigerian economy. The research design for the study was correlational. It used a total population of 120 drawn from banks operating in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). The research findings revealed that, fraud and related financial crime has significant effect on the Nigerian economy while fraud and financial crime have no significant effect on inflation. The research therefore recommends that Auditors and Accountants in organizations and financial institutions should be trained on how to carry out forensic investigation since the fraudsters are now sophisticated in their act. Also internal control systems should be strengthened to block opportunities that attract fraud perpetrators and oversight function of the National Assembly be strengthened to make public office holders accountable.
Key words: Fraud, Financial Crime, Nigeria, Economy.
EVALUATION OF TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS ON PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES, AND GENERAL ATTITUDE OF ACADEMIC STAFF OF TECHNICAL COLLEGES IN KADUNA STATE NIGERIA
Gaiya Mattew
Department of Technical Education,
School of Secondary Education,
Vocational and Technical Education Programme,
Kaduna State College Education, Gidan Waya,
Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Dr. Ali, Awalu Maliki
Department of Technical Education,
School of Secondary Education,
Vocational and Technical Education Programme,
Kaduna State College Education, Gidan Waya,
Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the teaching effectiveness, of academic staff of technical colleges in Kaduna state. Two thousand from 4000 final year students in six departments from five selected technical colleges in Kaduna of Nigeria stratified and randomly selected for the study. A questionnaire called evaluation of teaching effectiveness of academic staff of technical colleges (ETEAS) was the instruments used for data collection. Statistical tools such as mean scores, standard deviation, t-test and correlation coefficient were used for the data collection. The findings indicate that the students (respondents) rated the teaching effectiveness of the academic staff high, especially in terms of professional competence, but rated their supervision low. The students (respondents) felt that the teachers do not have enough time for students and do not prepare their teaching well. Recommendations made include regular seminar and workshops for academic staff to improve their communication skills for effective course delivery, encourage teachers to make out more time and increase access to students.
THE BENEFITS OF STARTING A SMALL BUSINESS IN NIGERIA
Inuwa Danjuma Usaini
Abstract
This study examines the numerous benefits of starting a small business in Nigeria, analyzing its pivotal role in driving economic growth, enhancing employment opportunities, reducing poverty, and fostering socio-economic resilience. Small businesses are essential to Nigeria’s economy, contributing approximately 48% to the national GDP and generating nearly 84% of the total employment in the country. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, including case studies, surveys with small business owners, and analysis of economic data, to assess the positive impacts and the unique strengths of small enterprises within Nigeria’s socio-economic landscape. Despite systemic challenges such as limited access to finance, unstable electricity supply, and regulatory barriers, small businesses exhibit adaptability and innovation, offering pathways for individuals to improve their livelihoods and catalyze local community development. Findings underscore that small businesses are key to economic diversification, reducing Nigeria’s reliance on the oil sector, and fostering a culture of entrepreneurship. Additionally, small businesses help address critical socio-economic issues by promoting financial inclusion, empowering women and youth, and enhancing rural economic activities. This study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening the support infrastructure for small business development, advocating for improved access to credit, streamlined regulations, and investments in digital and physical infrastructure to further unlock the potential of small enterprises as engines of sustainable growth in Nigeria.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CRIME REDUCTION IN NIGERIA.
Habiba Alhaji Ahmmad,
Department of Social Development,
Isa Mustapha Agwai I Polytechnic, Lafia,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Haliru Musa Hussaini,
Department of Business Administration and Management,
Isa Mustapha Agwai I Polytechnic, Lafia,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Adam Umar Faruk,
Faculty of Administration,
Nasarawa State University, Keffi,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Unemployment and underemployment has become a serious challenge to development and economic well-beings to human dignity in the society. This paper Titled entrepreneurship and crime reduction in Nigeria. The paper identity causes of crime in Nigeria, roles of entrepreneurship in crime reduction as well as ways to stimulate entrepreneurship in crime reduction. Secondary data was used for data collection. the paper recommended that government and private sectors must establish various means of reducing causes of crime in Nigeria, government should put more emphases on entrepreneurship as it reduces the prevalence of unemployment and poverty which in turns reduces crime in Nigeria and finally all ways to stimulate entrepreneurship needed to stress for it effective functioning in crime reduction.
Key words: Entrepreneurship, crime reduction.
IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL BANK CREDITS ON THE OUTPUT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA
Kekereowo Isaac Oluwafemi
Department of Economics,
Federal College of Education, Yola,
Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study examines the impact of commercial bank credit on the output of Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria using annual time series data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Reports from 1992-2022. Wholesale and retail trade output were proxied for SMEs’ output over the years under review. The SMEs output was chosen as the dependent variable while commercial bank credits is the focused independent variable. Total government expenditure, savings and time deposit with commercial banks, Inflation rate, interest rate and exchange rate were adopted as the control variables. The model built was estimated using Robust Least Square technique to eliminate the possibility of outliers in the model. It was found that there exists a significant but not rightly signed relationship between SMEs output and commercial banks credit to SMEs. Total government expenditure and savings and time deposit with commercial banks all have positive but insignificant relationship with SMEs output. Interest and exchange rates have positive relationships with the SMEs output except for inflation rate which met the a-priori expectation of an inverse relationship with SMEs output. The stability of the coefficients and model was found to be stable using the Breusch-pagan test of strength. The study recommended the institution of a sustainable policy that would enhance adequate credits to young and existing SMEs in Nigeria.
Keywords: Commercial Bank Credits, Output, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises, Robust Least Square, Nigeria
BANDITRY AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN IN NORTH-WEST NIGERIA
Philemon Thomas,
Department of General Studies Education,
Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan Waya,
Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The threats of banditry has assumed an alarming proportion in Nigeria’s security landscape, to the degree that it sends shockwaves not just to the security of Northwest region, but Nigeria in general. The operational ability of banditry, the large swath of land not well governed, the ill equipped security architecture and over stretched security outfits, poverty, unemployment, and other demographic contradictions, have given bandit the leverage to operate freely, undeterred, and unchallenged within the security landscape of Nigeria’s northwest. Consequently, this has created and atmosphere of complete disequilibrium, as women, children and other vulnerable groups suffer disproportionately. The result is the blood and bodies left on their trails, spree of kidnapping, maiming, internal displacements, rape, torture, cattle rustling, undermining of socio-economic dynamics, creating an atmosphere of despair, misery, trauma and indignation. The paper, therefore, critically examined the implications of banditry for internally displaced persons, placing North West Nigeria as the focal point. The paper adopted descriptive method; made use of secondary sources of data while the Queer Ladder Theory (QLT) was employed as the theoretical framework of analysis. The paper posited that the presence of scarcely governed spaces, the high level of unemployment with the attendant poverty, weak security system, porosity of Nigeria’s borders and arms proliferations, among others, are the driving factors accelerating banditry in the Northwest region of Nigeria. The paper further contends that the banditry operating in Nigeria’s northwest undermines the stability of women and other vulnerable groups; that the efforts made by stakeholders to combat the scourge have not yielded the desired outcome. The paper thus recommended, among others, that government strategies and tactics should be more proactive in prosecuting the war against banditry; create meaningful employment opportunities for the youths with a view to addressing the endemic poverty that pervades the region. Also, government should effectively monitor and secure our borders with the neighbouring countries to checkmate illegal migration of people and arms proliferation while engaging in re-orientation of the individuals to inculcate in them ethical values and reverence for life and human rights.
Keywords: Banditry, Internally displaced persons, Security, Women, Northern Nigeria
THE SCRAMBLE AND PARTITIONS FOR THE COLONIES OF ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMANY AND PORTUGUESE: A NEW HISTORICISM STUDIES OF THE AFRICAN CONTINENT
Yusuf Ismail Imam
Generel Studies Department,
School of General Studies,
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi,
Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Abstracts
This paper studies the scramble and partition of West African countries by the Europeans super power in the last twenty years of the 19th century. These twenty years was the turning point in the history of the region. The paper cited the reveals in detail how uncomfortable the major European super powers were before the scramble and the subsequent partitions of West Africa as their misunderstood as who controls what region. The paper is use the secondary source of the data collection. The research also refers to the instances where the French fought the English over the territory of South Africa as well as the event in which the France was disagreement with English over Egypt and Gold Coast present day Ghana. The paper cited the causes, nature and impact as far as the feature of the scramble and partition of West Africa. Also described the Berlin Conferences in 1884 to 1885 and Africans resistance is addressed by the paper. The paper make some recommendation: political issue, civic education and some activities as far as the balanced of freedom of Africa in general and Nigeria is concerned.
Keyword: Europeans super powers, scramble and partition,19th & 20th century.
ABSTRACT NO.3
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SKILLS REQUIREMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS IN SMALL AND LARGE SCALE BUILDING PROJECTS
David, Joel Ufwai,
Department of Building,
Faculty of Environmental Design,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Mshelgaru, Isa Hassan,
Department of Building,
Faculty of Environmental Design,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Muhammad, Shehu,
Department of Building,
Faculty of Environmental Design,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Among the challenges faced by the construction industry is the inability of construction managers to deliver projects due to inadequate skills. Construction managers must possess three essential skill categories; technical, interpersonal and conceptual skills, so as to carry out their roles effectively. The extent to which a particular skill category is required of construction managers in either small or large scale building project is not well established. The aim of this study is to assess the skills required of construction managers in executing their roles in building construction projects of different sizes. Quantitative research method using close-ended questionnaires was adopted. Responses were obtained from 47 purposively selected construction professionals. The questionnaire items were measured on a 5-point Likert Scale. Data collected was analysed by computing the mean item score (MIS). Findings from the study indicate that the extent of Technical, Conceptual and Interpersonal skills required of construction managers carrying out their roles in small scale building projects range from moderate (MIS = 3.3) to high (MIS = 3.8). It also indicates that the extent of Technical, Conceptual and Interpersonal skills required of construction managers in carrying out their roles in large scale building projects is high (MIS = 3.9 to 4.3). The study concludes that construction managers’ skills vary between small and large scale building projects.
Key words: Technical skills, conceptual skill, interpersonal skill, construction manager, small & large projects.
FACTORS INFLUENCING INVESTMENT IN COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE IN JOS PLATEAU STATE
Gbokson Abel Peter,
Department of Estate Management and Valuation,
Faculty of Environmental Technology,
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi
Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Maryam Salihu Muhammad,
Department of Estate Management and Valuation,
Faculty of Environmental Technology,
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi
Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Mohammed Ishaq Mohammed,
Department of Estate Management and Valuation,
Faculty of Environmental Technology,
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi
Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The investors in real estate are faced with challenges as often stated of knowing if the investment they make will generate returns. The paper aimed to analyse factors influencing investment in commercial real estate in Jos Plateau State, with a view to determining the level of returns of real estate investment. The study adopts survey method using quantitative approach and survey strategy was adopted and data were collected through questionnaire survey. The study adopts multistage sampling because the sampling technique involves taking samples in stages from smaller sampling units. The study revealed that factors that influence residential and commercial real estate were availability of social amenities, return and profit from real estate investment, availability and cost of acquiring land for investment and location advantage of the area. Urban planners and developers should prioritise the inclusion of social amenities in new developments. Collaborate with local communities to identify their specific needs and preferences. Government agencies should invest in infrastructure and programs that support the development and maintenance of social amenities. This includes funding for schools, parks, and public transportation. Real estate investors should consider social amenities as a primary factor when evaluating investment opportunities. Conduct thorough research on the availability and quality of amenities in target neighborhoods.
Keys: Factors, Investment, Commercial, Real Estate, Property, Investors, Market
DEVELOPMENT OF A PERMANENT MOULD FOR CASTING ALUMINIUM PISTON USED IN GENERATORS
Odeh P.,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
School of Infrastructure, Process Engineering and Technology,
Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abolarin M. S.,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
School of Infrastructure, Process Engineering and Technology,
Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Adedipe O.,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
School of Infrastructure, Process Engineering and Technology,
Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Morkah I. H.,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
School of Infrastructure, Process Engineering and Technology,
Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The need for development of a permanent mould for the casting of aluminium piston remains integral to eliminating the challenges associated with permanent mould development and usage. This study thus assessed the development of a permanent mould for casting aluminum piston used in generators through literature review. Quantitative data we retrieved from several databases including Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar and Web of Science between 2015 and 2024. This study’s outcome concluded that the composite piston is designed to endure substantial loads in extremely challenging environments and maintains high strength over time. Different piston types exhibit effective temperature distribution under heavy loads, with the Al SiC piston being more advantageous due to its cost-effectiveness, reduced stress concentration, and lower deformation, as temperature of the lubricating oil does not significantly influence the thermal stress gradient of the piston. This study concluded that building indigenous capacity for the production of aluminium alloys of all types in Nigerian technological sphere may stimulate a very great boost as well as the use of aluminium scraps as a means of managing piston scraps, and an avenue for wealth creation.
Key words: Aluminium Piston, Casting, Generator, Permanent Mould, Piston
A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLGENCE (AI) IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (2020 – 2024)
Oguaghamba Jonathan Onyekachi,
Department of Project Management Technology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Musa Mohammed,
Department of Project Management Technology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The need for the full adoption and usage of the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the construction industry of Nigeria remains integral to the efficiency and developmental stride of the sector. This study assesses the opportunities and challenges inherent to the application of AI in the Nigerian construction industry via a literature review approach between 2020 and 2024. Quantitative, qualitative and mix research data contained in the literature were retrieved from several databases including Elservier, Emerald, Semantic Scholar, Research Gate, and Google Scholar. The outcome of the analysis posits that the topmost factor for the opportunities in adopting AI in the Nigerian construction industry includes maximizing resource and waste efficiency, estimation and scheduling are essential value-driven services, construction site analytics (CSA), employment generation, supply chain management (SCM) and occupational health and safety analytics while the topmost factors for the challenges in implementing ais entails cultural concerns, security challenges, increased initial expenditures, uniqueness of the project and barrier imposed by institutions. This study recommended that there is a need for serious embracing of several political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal issues is necessary to facilitate the shift to AI and fully capitalize on its advantages. This means that for successfully transition to digitalized world, the construction companies must utilize its innovative capacity, as well as adopt new business models, strategies, organizational enhancements in human resources, production processes, management practices, technological methods, and physical infrastructures.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Challenges, Construction Sector, Literature Review, Nigeria, Opportunities.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF WASTE ON HUMAN HEALTH IN KANO METROPOLIS, KANO STATE
Garba Umar
Department of Geography,
Faculty of Environmental Science,
Nasarawa State University, Keffi,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Iliyasu M. Anzaku
Department of Science,
School of Continuing Education,
Bayero University, Kano,
Kano State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The research is aimed at assessing Waste on Human Health in Kano State Owned Kano State Metropolis. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Key informant interview was conducted with the head of cleaners using purposive sampling technique. The data collected was analyzed and presented using tables. The research revealed that the type of waste that is most generated in the schools are polythene, papers and dead leaves. The research also discovered that the numbers of cleaners are not enough in the study area when compared to the large portion they are assigned to work on. Also the research discovered that the schools have one main waste collection point with only the School of On Human Health Studies which has two collection points. However, to make waste disposal simpler, tiny drums are positioned throughout the schools in various locations. Some of the major challenges faced in Waste On Human Health in the Schools are lack of cleaning equipment, lack of cooperation from students and problem of managing the workers as most of them are uneducated and are not permanent workers. It was recommended that more cleaners should be employed and the school on Human Health should provide more working equipment like brooms, rake, dustbins, cutlass etc. Also the welfare and working condition of the workers should be improved.
Keywords: Waste, Effect, Human, Health, Assess
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PEST AND DISEASE PREVALENCE IN THE TROPICS: A REVIEW
Emeka, Mary E,
Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
Chukwulobe, Modesta. N.,
Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
Osadebe, Vivian. O.,
Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
Echezona Bonaventure. C.
Department of Crop Science,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Enugu State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The year 2025 has been predicted to be another year of solar 11-year maximum activity which implies a global increase in temperature and an indicator of climate change. The impact of climate change seen especially in rising temperatures, elevated atmospheric CO2, changeable precipitation patterns, among others. Driven in nature by variations in solar activities and majorly by man’s anthropogenic activities, will positively affect insect pests and diseases prevalence in tropics by decreasing their population density hence, results in insect pests and diseases geographic drift towards the polar regions and subsequent increase in their survival and population size within the cooler regions whose temperatures will become favorable for their growth and development. Some new insect pests and diseases have been predicted to reemerge and evolve which would be adaptable to already increased temperature in the tropics. Rising temperature and CO2 level will also have impact on plants, man and his activities as well as on the environment in which he lives and depends on for survival. Nature’s efforts to balance disturbances within the ecosystem can be sustainable and promising when man is willing to reduce the quantity of greenhouse gases which he emits into the atmosphere by his daily activities.
Keyword: Climate change, Solar activity, Elevated CO2, Increasing temperature, Changeable precipitation, Reemergence
CRITERIA FOR MEASURING ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Alamu, Bosede Florence
Department of Quantity Surveying,
School of Environmental Studies,
Federal Polytechnic, Bida,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Usman Mohammad Danjuma
Department of Quantity Surveying,
School of Environmental Studies,
Federal Polytechnic, Bida,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Olushola Ndefo Okigbo
Department of Quantity Surveying,
School of Environmental Studies,
Federal Polytechnic, Bida,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Performance criteria is a principle or standard by which the performance of an organisation may be judged or decided. All the models, frameworks and indices used in measuring organisation performance are based on one criterion or the other. Most of these frameworks have failed due to incomprehensive and non-consideration of criteria that suit the environment where an organisation is based. This study aimed to determine the criteria for measuring organisational performance concerning the Nigerian construction industry. In achieving this aim nine criteria were drawn out from the literature, and the effect of these criteria on organisational performance was determined using multiple regression analysis. Eighty-five (85) organisations from the Federation of the Construction Industry were used for this study. The targeted respondents were management members of these 85 organisations. 366 questionnaires were distributed and 301 questionnaires were retrieved making 82% of the response rate. The analysis showed a positive and significant effect of eight criteria. These showed that the criteria could be used as a measure of organisational performance. The study concluded that a framework for measuring organisational performance could be developed using the nine criteria. The study recommended a detailed focus on the nine criteria when measuring organisational performance.
Keywords: Construction, Criteria, Measuring, Organisation, Performance.
EVALUATION OF DIFFUSE SOLAR RADIATION AND ASSOCIATED METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN OSOGBO, NIGERIA
Olawale Olaniran Kayode,
Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
Federal Polytechnic, Ede,
Osun State, Nigeria.
Yusuf Abdulhamid,
Atmospheric Data Station,
Physics with Electronics Unit,
Department of Physics, Electronics & Earth Sciences,
Fountain University, Osogbo,
Osun State, Nigeria.
Amodu Roseline F,
Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
Federal Polytechnic, Ede,
Osun State, Nigeria.
Ogunwusi Bosede,
Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
Federal Polytechnic, Ede,
Osun State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper evaluates the diffuse solar radiation and associated meteorological parameters in Osogbo, Nigeria, using data spanning five years (2019-2023). Daily records of global, direct, and diffuse solar radiation were retrieved from NASA’s archives. The analysis revealed annual and seasonal variations in all solar radiation components, with peak values occurring at different times of the year. These variations are crucial for understanding solar energy potential and its application in the region.
Keywords: Diffuse radiation, Osogbo, solar radiation components, seasonal variation, meteorological parameters.
CYBER SECURITY CONTROLS AND COUNTERMEASURES
Inuwa Danjuma Usaini
Abstract
In an increasingly interconnected world, the proliferation of digital technologies has made cyber security a paramount concern for individuals, organizations, and governments alike. As cyber threats evolve in sophistication and frequency, understanding the landscape of potential vulnerabilities becomes crucial. This research will explore various cyber security controls and countermeasures that are essential for safeguarding sensitive information and maintaining operational integrity. By examining the myriad strategies employed to mitigate risks, one can appreciate the complexity of securing digital environments and the necessity of a proactive, defense-in-depth approach. Each section will delve into specific security frameworks, the importance of employee training, and the role of advanced technologies in thwarting cyber attacks, thereby illuminating the multifaceted nature of cyber security. Ultimately, the analysis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how effective controls can significantly enhance resilience against cyber threats.
MAPPING AND GEO-DATABASE CREATION OF GOVERNMENT OWNED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) APPROACH IN BIRNIN KEBBI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA
Emernari Udochukwu S.,
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics,
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Adewale Adebayo,
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics,
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Mohammed Nanoh Bello,
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics,
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Mapping shows the distribution pattern of health facilities and its interaction with the populace of the concern community with view to enhanced medical resource allocation, improve public health monitoring, enhanced emergency response, improve patience care, community health improvement as well as improved decision making by the management. The aim of this project is to carry out the Mapping and Geo-database creation of Government owned Primary and Secondary Health facilities in Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area, Kebbi State. This research work focused more in creation of geo-database, mapping the distribution of health facilities, carrying out various queries about health distribution and determination of health facilities that are most equipped as well as using proximity analysis to determine if the distribution of health facilities in the study area is at par with the standard recommended by world health organization (WHO). The result gotten reveals that Thirty (30) health facilities exist in Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area. Among the thirty (30) health facilities, twenty-Seven (27) (90%) are in the class of primary health facilities while three (3) (10%) are in the class of secondary health facilities. The spatial distribution of health facilities in Birnin Kebbi Local Government shows that the facilities are clustered centrally and sparsely arranged in the northern part as well as with few or no present in western and eastern region. Again, various queries analyses were carried out based on the availability of Doctors, Nurses, Mid-wives, Lab Technician, Bole holes, Electricity and Ambulances, it was discovered that out of thirty (30) health facilities in the study area, twenty-six (26) have presence of doctors, ten (10) have presence of nurses, twenty – six (26) have presence of mid-wives, nine (9) have presence of ambulance while all have presence of lab technicians, bole holes and electricity. After all the queries, the best primary health facilities were determined as Ambursa primary health center, Kardi Primary health center, Gwadangaji Primary health center, Nassarawa 1 primary health center, Nassarawa 11a Primary health center and Nassarawa 11b. Proximity analysis was also deployed to determine if the existing primary health facilities are at par with the standard recommendation of world health organization (WHO). The result shows that most of the existing Primary Health Facilities within the central part of Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area meet up with the recommended standard of World Health Organization (WHO) but did not meet up when compared with the space coverage of the entire local government in comparison to health facilities. Recommendations were also given such as equitable distribution of health facilities and creation of data base for all existing health facilities in the state by Ministry of Health.
ASSESSMENT OF HOUSING HABITABILITY OF RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBOURHOOD IN BIRNIN KEBBI
Adebayo, Oyekanmi Oluwole
Estate Management & Valuation Dept
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechni, Birnin kebbi,
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Abdulazeez, Shakirat Remilekun
Estate Management & Valuation Dept
Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechni, Birnin kebbi,
Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Housing is recognized to have profound influence on health, behavior and efficiency of man and the nation as a whole. The study was designed to assess “housing habitability of residential area of Takalau in Birnin Kebbi town”. To achieve the aim, the following objectives were set; to assess the characteristics of housing; to asses habitability of housing in the study area and to examine level of residents satisfaction with housing habitability in the study area. Both primary and secondary data sources were employed for the study. The sample size was determined by a Yaro Yamane sampling technique. A total of 273 duly completed questionnaires administered in each sampled household were used. The study revealed that houses are mostly old family houses constructed with ancient building materials and the neighbourhood suffer predicaments of the poor road network, inadequate drainage facility, lack of proper waste disposal system. Likewise, residents indicated a low satisfaction level for housing environment. The study recommends government intervention in upgrading the infrastructure in the study area as well as community development effort.
Keywords: Housing, Housing habitability, Housing condition, Neighbourhood condition
IRIS RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION
Anameje Chinwe Angela
Nwadialor Calista Uchenna
Abstract
In order to create and evaluate an iris biometric recognition system for security authentication, this study uses MATLAB as its main tool for system design and testing. Given the distinctive patterns seen in each person’s iris, iris recognition is well known for its excellent accuracy and security. The primary phases of picture pre-processing, feature extraction, and template matching were the focus of the study in order to guarantee accurate user identification and verification. The algorithm had a high success rate in accurately matching and identifying persons with minimum mistakes when tested on a collection of iris scans. Though the system was shown to be resilient, numerous issues were noted, including the sporadic mismatches caused by differences in picture quality and other influences. The results demonstrate the promise of iris recognition technology as a safe, non-invasive way to improve identification verification procedures. However, they also point out areas that need to be improved in order to reach even higher accuracy and dependability.
Keywords: Iris; Biometric; Authentication; Security; Artificial Intelligence
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CASSAVA GRATING MACHINE
Ike onyeka,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
Anambra State, Nigeria.
Sibeudu Chiwetalu Emenike,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Federal Polytechnic, Oko,
Anambra State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The cassava grating machine that was designed has two modes of operation, it can be powered either electrically or manually. It takes care of power failure problems. The cassava is feed with the machine through the hopper made of metal sheet to the grating drum, which retakes at a constant speed. This process grates the cassava into pulp. The quantity found into the machine was 22.3kg, the quantity was 20.1kg and the loss obtained after the grating was 2.2kg the productivity of the machine at the third gives 0.48kg. minor 21.8kg/hr, the machine working performance is 90%. Both test were conducted with 20kg of cassava, which normally operated the granting efficiency was found to be 91.4%. that of electrically operated machine gave the efficiency of 90%. The cassava grating machine was designed and fabricated, with efficiency, safety factor and portability ll taken into consideration.
Keyword: Cassava, performance, efficiency, grating, hopper
STORAGE CONDITION (TEMPERATURE AND pH) EFFECT OF PEA POD ON WATER COAGULATION
Muhammad Muhammad Makki
Department of Civil Engineering,
School of Engineering
BUPOLY Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria.
[University of Bahri, Khartoum Sudan]
Abstract
Natural coagulants are considered affordable and efficient substitutes to chemical coagulants for use in developing countries where raw materials such as Cicer arietinum (green pea) are readily available. Polluted water is estimated to affect about 1200 million people and contribute to the death of 15 million children in the world per year. The excessive use of chemical coagulants can affect human health in the long term; aluminum has been indicated to be a causative agent of neurologic diseases such as senile dementia. Researches confirms the high impact of Pea pod as a coagulant in water treatment, but much researches have to be done to ascertain the effects of its storage on water coagulation. Therefore, the research aims at finding effect of STORAGE CONDITION (TEMPERATURE AND pH) EFFECT OF PEA POD ON WATER COAGULATION. A suitable method was employed for the Pea pod processing. Pea pod was prepared and ground to powder. Phytochemical analysis of the Pea pod was done. 10% stock solution of the extract was prepared. Jar test for water coagulation, was carried out for High, Medium, low untreated synthetic waters, Kura surface (river) water and Zoo road well water. The process was repeated for stored Pea pod powder at varying temperature and pH values. For Pea pod stored used for treatment of the water samples; p-values range was high, signifying that the best temperature is 300C for optimum pH and Optimum Turbidity removal efficiency (%).
Keywords: Pea Pod, Coagulation, Water Treatment, Storage Condition
ABSTRACT WITHOUT PROCEEDING
TERRORIST THREATS AND CONFLICTS IN AFRICA: AN APPRAISAL OF ITS EFFECT ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTINENT
Dr. Timothy Onimisi
Department of Political Science
Faculty of Social Sciences
Federal University Lokoja,
Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Terrorist threats and conflicts are global issue that attracted the world’s attention because of the negative consequences it has on the socio-economic development of the continent where they are prominent. This paper focuses on the socio-economic impact of terrorism and conflicts on Africa’s developmental thrives. The paper was anchored on the human needs theory and secondary sources were consulted and used. The findings revealed that the activities of the terrorist groups and conflicts have stunted the socio-economic development of the African continent. Due to the activities of the terrorist groups and conflicts agricultural sector has been stunted and thousands of families displaced from their ancestral homes with socio-economic implications such as investment apathy as well as low inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The paper recommends collaboration, and the involvement of stakeholders to chart the pathways to bringing these challenges to an end. It also recommends the control of small arms and light weapons proliferation in the continent and beyond.
Key words: Africa; Conflicts; Development; Socio-economic; Terrorists
APPLICATION OF LOCAL STRAINS OF PSEUDOMONAS FOR AQUACULTURE SEWAGE TREATMENT
Alozie, A,
National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency (NBRDA),
Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria.
John, C.I.,
National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency (NBRDA),
Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria.
Hanis, B.,
National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency (NBRDA),
Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria.
Egbulefu, C. S.
National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency (NBRDA),
Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria.
Abstract
The need for human and animals food production cannot be over emphasized. Aquaculture and related activities have become an important sustainable business Nigeria. Water pollution rates has increased in modern time owing to the various chemical usage. The receiving water bodies therefore constitute potential source danger to both human and animal little report is available to show the application of indigenous pseudomonas strain for soil and water bioremediation in Nigeria. The potentials of pseudomonas to bioremediate chemicals have been reported. Several metabolites of the bacteria have ability to cause detoxification of polluted water. There is need to develop indigenous bacteria consortia for application in the treatment of waste water bodies in order to reduce importation and earn local earnings. Some indigenous pseudomonas strains were isolated from waste soil sites using standard microbiological techniques including pour – plating serially diluted 1g of the soil sample in gml of sterile peptone water. The basic features of the developed discrete colonies were studied, sub-cultured and then the purified isolate; PMO5, PM78, PM13 and PM56 were challenged by growing them respectively with waste water. The results showed decreased concentration range of 12.32% – 14.22% in total nitrogen, 68.12% – 63.76% in NH4+, 53.33% – 67.90% in N03–, 68.43% – 74.23% in total phosphorus, and 80.6% – 85.21% in COD after 24h. Strain PM78 and PM13 were able to survive in a pH range of 6-11. The result indicated that the strains generally have the potentials to remove nitrogen and phosphorus through the metabolic pathway of nitrogen assimilation and phosphorus accumulation which may make them fit for further development for bioremediation purposes. Also the results generated will add to the previous knowledge that such important strains can be obtained from the local soils.
Keywords: Pseudomonas, Bioremediation, Detoxication, waste water and metabolites.
THREAT OF MODERNITY ON THE CONSUMPTION OF WHITE MAIZE: A CASE STUDY OF IYAN-AGIDI AMONG THE OWO PEOPLE OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Adu-Peters R. O. PhD
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies,
Adeyemi Federal University of Education,
Ondo State, Nigeria.
Omolafe O. O.
Department of History and Diplomatic Studies,
Adeyemi Federal University of Education,
Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Owo remained a prominent eastern Yoruba community of southwestern Nigeria, the ancient town was traced to its present day location since the 12th Century with its synopsis captured in a well-organized socio political and economic arrangement woven around its indigenous mode of agriculture, food crop consumption and consumption. Owo subsisted on its indigenous food items, inluding iyan-agidi made with white maize as a major food item of the ancient community. Colonial emasculation of the farming structure of the indigenous people of Owo reverberated through the wave of modern feeding pattern, creating a seemingly permanent foreign method of food production and consumption. This study relied on primary and secondary sources of data. Primary source included archival materials and oral interview with 50 farmers and food crop sellers in Owo Communities. Secondary source comprised of books, journals, periodicals and the Inter Net for in-depth knowledge of the pattern of food crop production and consumption among the Owo people of eastern part of Yoruba speaking groups of southwestern Nigeria. Data collected were interpreted from historical perspective. Inter alia, this study found out that colonial agricultural policy undermined the production and consumption of white maize sooner than yellow maize was introduced as a replacement. Consequently, consumption of indigenous food items such as iyan-agidi was threatened to disappearance, thereby leaving the indigenous economy to constantly rely on food items of foreign source with its precarious effects on the general wellness of the Owo people. The study therefore concluded that a resuscitation of the old feeding pattern amidst modern ideas can put the food economy of the Owo people in proper perspective.
Keywords: threat, modernity, white maize, iyan-agidi
EVALUATION OF ROCK MINERALS IN TSOHON BIRNIN GWARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Qazeem Oyeniyi Sholadoye
Department of Chemistry,
Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil,
Kano State, Nigeria
Tajudeen Afolayan Lawal
Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science,
Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil,
Kano State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Tsohon Birnin Gwari were located in Kaduna State, Nigeria, on geographical coordinates latitude 10.39ºN, longitudes 7.39ºE respectively. The village was known for artisanal mining of iron gold ore. The elemental evaluation was carried out by Energy Dispersive X-ray Flourescence Spectrometry after the separation of the ores with bromoform and liquid nitrogen. Tsohon Birnin Gwari gold ore contained Au(0.009%), Pb(0.045%), Ag(0.019%), Zn(0.053%), S(0.56%), Fe(90.44%), Cu(0.014%),Ga(0.043),As(0.202%), Bi(0.25%), Hg(0.27%), Si(7.0%) and Al(0.25%). The results of the analysis show a high percentage of Fe in the sample but low percentage of gold. The low percentage of gold might be due to interlocking of the gold with aluminiumsilicate phase which require high pressure and temperature to release the gold metal. The results also provide baseline information on anthropogenic impact on environmental information on the mining community and the basis for planning strategy by regulated bodies for better quality environment.
Keywords: Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluoresence Spectrometry (EDXRFS), Gold ore, Iron ore and Tsohon Birnin- Gwari,
LINKING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING IN NIGERIA:
Mrs. Grace S. Mundat
Department of Business Administration and Management,
Nuhu Bamali Polytechnic, Zaria,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Mr. Ibrahim, Moses Sunday
Department of Business Administration and Management,
Nuhu Bamali Polytechnic, Zaria,
Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Understanding the role of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing Entrepreneurship Education is very vital in providing useful guidance to educators in preparing students with the required competencies and capabilities to cope with current job challenges and fit into digital societal demand. Artificial Intelligence is relevant in providing feasible solutions to complex societal problems. The study examined the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Entrepreneurship Education in Selected Institution of higher learning within Zaria Metropolis. There exists a knowledge gap on the use of modern entrepreneurial development approaches and low level of adoption rate of Artificial Intelligence among students and educators of Institutions of Higher Learning despite its huge benefits. The survey research design was employed and structured questionnaire used as instrument to collect data from a sample of 150 respondents drawn among educators and students currently benefiting from the teaching of Entrepreneurship in Institution of Higher Learning within Zaria Metropolis.The Multiple regression Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (SmartPls 4) was employed to examined the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Entrepreneurship Education. Findings from the study revealed that artificial intelligence is useful and has a far-reaching impact in stimulating the teaching of entrepreneurship education. Based on the findings of the study, there is a need for improved usage of artificial intelligence tools to facilitate learning experience and continuous improvement in the adoption of artificial intelligence was recommended.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Entrepreneurship Education. Adoption, Educator.
CURATORIAL INNOVATIONS: INTEGRATING AUDIO PRODUCTIONS IN AFRICAN ART EXHIBITIONS
Hilary Jerry Didam
Department of Fine and Applied Arts,
Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan Waya,
Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Abstract
Curatorial services play a vital role in managing and organizing art exhibitions, encompassing the selection, preservation, and presentation of artworks to enrich viewer engagement and education. Traditionally, African art exhibitions relied heavily on physical displays, textual descriptions, and guided tours, often leading to limited audience interaction and understanding of the artworks. Moreover, artists and galleries frequently encountered challenges such as the loss of crucial information on certain works, resulting in a diminished historical and cultural value conveyed through exhibitions. The inadequacies in curatorial services have hindered audiences’ ability to deeply connect with the art, thereby diminishing the overall impact of exhibitions. This paper aims to address these challenges by exploring how audio narratives and soundscapes can significantly enhance the viewing experience of art pieces, providing a deeper appreciation through multisensory engagement. By examining the theoretical framework underlying multisensory experiences, the study will delve into the cognitive and emotional impact of combining visual art with auditory elements. Drawing on case studies of art exhibitions that have successfully integrated audio components, this research will showcase how these enhancements influence audience perception and interaction with the artworks. It will rigorously analyze audience responses and engagement levels, offering valuable insights into the effectiveness of audio productions in art exhibitions. Additionally, the paper will critically evaluate the benefits of this approach for both artists and curators, demonstrating how multisensory experiences can elevate the overall exhibition quality and foster a more profound connection between the viewer and the art. Ultimately, this research aims to make a significant contribution to the evolving practices of curatorial innovation and the enrichment of art appreciation.
Keywords: Curatorial, Traditional, Audience, Multisensory, Audio.
OPTIMAL DEPLOYMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES USING IMPROVE WIND DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION (IWDO) ALGORITHM TO SOLVE FUEL COST AND ENERGY EMISSION PROBLEMS ON NIGERIA 54 BUS NETWORK.
Chimen Sabo Jamous
Abstract:
Electrical power system is becoming more complex as interconnected network is expanding every day due to severe loading of the transmission network. Hence, the power system is facing problems such as emission problems, cost of fuel resulting in production cost, power losses, voltage instability, etc. A proposed solution to fuel cost and emission problem is to optimize the deployment of renewable energy sources using improved wind driven optimization (IWDO) algorithm. This method is aimed at maximization of clean energy sources, specifically wind and solar energy, in the Nigeria 54 bus network. Optimization of real and reactive powers due to the installation of energy resources at appropriate buses can minimize emission problem, losses, cost of fuel and improve the voltage profile especially, for congested networks. By implementing the IWDO algorithm, we can determine the most efficient location and size of the renewable energy sources to be installed. This approach result in the reduced reliance on fossils fuels and decrease in harmful emission leading to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy system. This research work considers an Improved Wind Driven Optimization (IWDO) algorithm to effectively solve the fuel cost and the emission problem in the Nigeria 54 bus network in MATLAB environment. Wind Driven Optimization (WDO) is a global optimization technique based on atmospheric motion and is a population-base iterative heuristic global optimization technique with the ability to apply constraint on the search domain for multi-dimensional and multi-modal issues. Therefore, this research aims at bridging the gap by employing the Improved Wind Driven Optimization (IWDO) algorithm in solving the problems of emissions and fuel cost in the Nigeria 54 bus system. The Improved Wind Driven Optimization (IWDO) and Wind Driven Optimization (WDO) algorithm were both used to carry out comparison analysis to ascertain which has a higher convergence rate and it seeks to provide valuable insights into efficiency and effectiveness of the IWDO algorithm in optimizing power flow in the electrical networks. From the simulations, it was observed that the Improved Wind Driven (IWDO) was 0.499% fuel cost effective than Wind Driven Optimization (WDO) on the Nigeria 54 bus network and 11.80% reduction in fuel cost was also observed. Through the use of wind driven optimization algorithm, we can achieve a potential deployment of renewable energy sources, ultimately contributing to a greener and more cost effective solution for the electric power industry.
KEY WORD: algorithm, optimal, minimize, renewable and optimization.
EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF WATHINIA SOMNIFERA (L) DUNA ROOT ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF MALE WISTAR RATS
Daniel I. Bdliya
Lydia Daniel
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants are widely used as therapy that helps improve health. A plant root was found to improve the sexual behaviors of male rats “The ability to attain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance or satisfaction” was enhanced by the plant extract of Wathinia somnifera (L) Duna root. Traditional medicines are globally used and have rapidly grown in economic importance. Intrinsically active compounds are well-known for their vigor, libido, and potency. The study was conducted to extract the effect of the Aqueous Extract of Wathinia somnifera (L) Duna root on the Sexual Behaviour of Male Wistar Rats. The experimental study was carried out on 48 Wistar strain rats (16 male and 32 female). The animals were raised in cages and the male rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 4 rats/group), group A was the control while groups B, C, and D were administered various doses of the plant extract incorporated in food. The female rats were receptive by administering estradiol Benzoate and Progesterone at 10ug/100mg and 0.5ug/100mg of body weight respectively several hours before pairing. The sexual behavior test was performed according to the groups. The results of the treated groups showed a significant increase in mating frequency and latency, intromission frequency, latency, and ejaculating latency compared to the control group. Overall, the results showed that Aqueous Extract of Wathinia somnifera (L) Duna root significantly affects the sexual behavior of the male rats. The extract increased sexual behavior and orientation activity performance recorded in the treated animals. Thus, this study found that the Aqueous Extract of Wathinia somnifera (L) Duna root has a significant effect on the rats’ sexual behavior.
IMPACT OF ACTION MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF NOCACO LTD, KADUNA.
Maimuna Ibrahim Bara’u
Department of Business Administration and Management,
School of Management Sciences
Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria,
Kaduna State.
Aliyu Aminu Abbas
A.I Expertise, Kaduna
Abstract
Despite the recognized importance of action management in driving organizational performance, many organizations struggle to implement effective action management strategies. Challenges such as lack of leadership commitment, siloed organizational structures, ineffective communication, and resistance to change can hinder the successful implementation and adoption of action management practices. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the impact of action management on organizational performance of NOCACO Ltd, Kaduna. The main objective of the study is to examine how action management affect the organizational performance of NOCACO Ltd. Survey and cross-sectional research design was adopted. The population of the study was the total staff population of NOCACO Ltd which is 163. Census sampling was used for the study. 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire was used for data collection. Multiple regression was used for the data analysis. The study revealed that the impact of leadership on organizational performance of NOCACO Limited, Kakuri, Kaduna was found to be significant and statistically positive. The findings of the study revealed that the impact of organizational culture on organizational performance of NOCACO Limited, Kakuri, Kaduna was found to be significant and statically positive. The study revealed that the impact of employee engagement on organizational performance of NOCACO Limited, Kakuri, Kaduna was found to be significant and statistically positive. The study concludes that leadership, organizational culture and employee engagement have a positive and significant impact on the organizational performance of NOCACO Ltd, Kaduna. The recommends that the management of NOCACO Ltd should invest in leadership development programs to cultivate effective and inspiring leaders who can guide the organization towards achieving its goals and fostering a positive work environment. To implement initiatives and policies that promote a culture of collaboration, innovation, and continuous improvement.
Keywords: Action Management, Leadership, Organizational Culture, Employee Engagement and Organizational Performance
TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AS BIO-CONTROL AGENT AGAINST MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA ON COWPEA
Alhaji Modu Bukar
Department of Biology,
Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi College of Education Science and Technology Bama,
Borno State, Nigeria
Falmata Mustapha
Department of Biology,
Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi College of Education Science and Technology Bama,
Borno State, Nigeria
Abstract
Screen house experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of the fungus, Trichoderma harzianum at three different doses as soil treatments against root-knot nematode, Melooidogyne incognita infecting cowpea. Three cowpea seeds were sown in a 30-cm diameter plastic pots filled with sandy loam soil and the seedlings were thinned to one plant per pot one week after emergence. The seedlings were then inoculated separately with 3000 juvenile nematodes and 1 ml Trichoderma harzianum spore suspension, 3000 juvenile nematodes and 2 ml T. harzianum spore suspension, and 3000 juvenile nematodes and 3 ml T. harzianum spore suspension. Un-inoculated seedlings served as control. Each treatment was replicated five times and the pots were laid out in a completely randomized experimental design in a screen house. Result of the study showed that application of T. harzianum as soil treatment significantly (P<0.0001) reduced M. incognita population, number of galls and nematode reproduction rate in a dose dependent manner where the highest nematode control percentage (22.43 %) was recoded in plants administered with 3 ml T. harzianum spore suspension followed by 2 ml (13.61%) and then 1 ml spore suspension (5.72%). Furthermore, application of T. harzianum as soil treatment significantly increased shoot weight, shoot height, shoot girth, number of leaves and yield characteristics of M. incognita-infected cowpea plants. The results of this study suggest that incorporation of T. harzianum into nematode-infested soil has the potentials to suppress nematode population and reduce nematode damage on cowpea.
Keywords Bio-control agent, Melooidogyne incognita, Root gall, Trichoderma harzianum, Vigna unguiculata.
THE ROLE OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN IN EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT
Veronica Benedict Ogunwole,
Fine and Applied Art Department,
Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya,
Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Industrial design plays a crucial role in shaping the educational landscape, from the physical spaces where learning occurs to the tools and technology that facilitate instruction. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of how industrial design contributes to the advancement of education, with a focus on formal, non-formal and informal education its impact on educational environments, the enhancement of learning experiences, promotion of creativity, and improvement of accessibility in educational settings. Through specific examples and scholarly research, this paper aims to elucidate the multifaceted significance of industrial design in education development. In conclusion this paper, recognized the need to consider curriculum redesign for industrial designers because the tide is changing, technology-smart classroom, smart-teaching and smart-learning are replacing old ways of learning and teach.
Keywords: Education, Industrial design, development, creativity
POOR FUNDING OF VISUAL ARTS: A CHALLENGE TO EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
Timothy Titus
Department of Fine and Applied Arts,
Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan Waya,
Kafachan, Kaduna State.
Abstract
Visual art represents a specialized field that typically demands talented pupils and students for its study. Often, visual art is segmented into various branches, each overseen by experts specializing in those areas. The lack of adequate funding presents a considerable difficulty to the successful instruction and absorption of visual arts in Nigeria. Inadequate financial support directly impacts the accessibility of crucial art supplies and specialized art facilities in secondary schools and colleges of education, impeding the effectiveness of art education. The examines other factors that affect the teaching and learning of Visual Art such as prevalent negative attitudes towards art among students, parents, government, and the broader society. These factors further devalue the significance of art-based learning experiences in Nigeria. This article is a call for immediate action and emphasizes the critical need to tackle funding challenges and shift societal perspectives on visual art education to promote the standard of teaching and learning of Visual Arts in Nigeria. Therefore, recommendations were made for improvement of the teaching and learning of the subject in Nigerian tertiary institutions. The study argues that, although there are various challenges that affect the successful teaching and learning of Visual Arts in Nigerian tertiary institutions, Poor funding is the major factor which leads to lack of interest by students and teachers, poor attitude by parents.
Keywords: Visual Arts, Poor Funding, Poor Attitude, Strands of Visual Art
NAVIGATING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN NIGERIAN EDUCATION: HARNESSING OPPORTUNITIES, ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AND CRAFTING STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE PROGRESS.
Muhammad Ali Wakawa
School of Education Department of Primary Education Studies,
Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-kanemi College of Education Science and Technology,
Bama, Borno State, Nigeria.
Maryam Ali Bokko
School of Sciences Department Biology,
Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-kanemi College of Education Science and Technology,
Bama, Borno State, Nigeria.
Aishatu Mahmud
School of Sciences Department Biology.
Umar Ibn Ibrahim El-kanemi College of Education Science and Technology,
Bama Borno State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Digital transformation has the potential to revolutionize education in Nigeria, offering opportunities to enhance access, quality, and outcomes. However, navigating this transformation requires addressing numerous challenges to ensure sustainable progress. This paper explores the landscape of digital transformation in Nigerian education, highlighting key opportunities and challenges. Opportunities include expanded access through online platforms, personalized learning experiences, and the development of digital skills essential for the future workforce. Challenges such as infrastructural limitations, internet connectivity issues, digital literacy gaps, and socio-economic disparities must be addressed to realize the full potential of digital technologies. Drawing on insights from existing literature and case studies, this paper proposes strategies for harnessing opportunities and overcoming challenges. These strategies encompass infrastructure development, policy reforms, capacity building for educators and learners, public-private partnerships, and community engagement. By adopting a holistic approach and leveraging digital technologies strategically, Nigeria can navigate the complexities of digital transformation in education and achieve sustainable progress towards educational equity and excellence.
ASSESSMENT OF BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY AND ITS IMPLICATION ON SECONDARY EDUCATION IN ADAMAWA STATE
Abdulrazak Aide
Department of International Relations and Strategic Studies,
School of Social and Management Sciences,
Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola,
Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Boko-Haram, a terrorist organization, has been waging an insurgency in Nigeria since 2009.The paper is designed to assess the implications of Boko haram insurgency on secondary education in Adamawa State. Three research objectives were formulated for the study. The research design adopted in this study was a descriptive survey design. The area of the study is Adamawa State, Nigeria. Adamawa State is located in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria and occupies an area of about 36, 917 square kilometers with a longitude and latitude of about 9.3250N, 12.4381E of which Yola is the designated capital. The population for this study is 391 principals from the five education zones with 391 Post Basic Schools and 230,994 students in the five education zones of Adamawa State. Using Taro Yamane a sample of 597 respondents was selected for the study which comprises 198 principals and 399 students. The simple random sampling techniques were used to select the 597 respondents for the study. The data for the study was collected through the use of structured questionnaires. The questionnaire consists of 15 items designed using a 4-point Likert scale with 1 point (strongly disagree) to 4 points (strongly agree). The study discovered that Boko Haram insurgency has significantly affected secondary education in Adamawa State. The effect of the attack has aftermath consequences on the staff, students, and the educational institutions in the state. Based on the above, the paper recommended that the government at different levels, NGOs and philanthropists should assist the institutions in reconstruction and rebuilding the affected structures, so as to improve academic activities and Government should help in providing basic amenities such as: accommodation, healthcare facilities, water, electricity, internet services and transportation. This can alleviate the level of suffering on campus.
KEYWORDS: assessment, Bokoharam, education, insurgency, implication, Adamawa.
HISTORY IN THE HUMANITIES IN RELATION TO GEOGRAPHY AS A DISPLINE
Jamilu Adamu,
Department of History,
Shehu Shagari College of Education,
Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Sirajoddeen Al-Ameen,
Department of Geography,
Shehu Shagari College of Education,
Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The procedure history is being studied, written, and taught has change due to influence from other discipline. History being the records of the past events, movements, causes and relationship deserve different techniques, concepts, analysis and tools from related discipline. Because it is substantial that history cannot be studied without taking recourse to other subject. History is intimately correlated to Geography and in the 50s; two (2) subjects were being taught together. They are twin courses were one stress on time i.e. people of different time while Geography emphases on people of different space. Both the History and Geography are concerned with the inter-play of human and physical factors. This paper try to show how historical facts can serve as a good basis in arousing the interest in geographical studies and how geographical facts are taken into consideration when explaining the historical facts. Those various factors taken into consideration are physical conditions of life of man, climate, means of communication etc.; this show how history and geography are correlated looking at the equipment used when teaching the two courses such as maps and pictures. The author’s uses peer review method to ascertain how History in the Humanities in Relation to Geography as a Discipline. Suggestion also highlighted in the paper.
Key Words: History, Humanities, Relation, Geography, Discipline
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Kabiru Abubakar Zaki
Department of Geography
Shehu Shagari College of Education,
Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Sirajodden Al-Ameen
Department of Geography
Shehu Shagari College of Education,
Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Abstract
Researchers seek to introduce development leading to technologies that address environmental problems, and learn how to interact with stakeholders, managers and policy makers for appropriate actions. One of the greatest strategies that African countries need to consider in realizing sustainable development is effective, efficient, credible, and lasting environmental sustainability and ensure that future generations have access to natural resources to live in a better way. Therefore the co-ordinated set of participatory and continuously improving processes of analysis, capacity, planning and investment which seek to integrate social and environmental objectives of society, and this is not given a priority in Nigeria. Environmental sustainability is a field where people can understand natural environment, and public works for sustainable development. Sustainable development requires shifts from ordinary ways of doing things to a modern ways of executing activities ranging from low to high productivity, the creation and adoption of new strategies, new skills and knowledge. It ensures a developed world with secured and healthy environment for all; human beings, animals and plants alike. This paper is to carry out a review of various literatures sources to ascertain the potential strategy of environment and sustainable development reform using content analysis method to discuss the environmental strategies towards sustainable development in Nigeria. The objectives of this paper is to enable the Nigerians understand and have orientation on how to manage environmental resources and avoid environmental impact on ecosystem and also to find a sustainable solutions for environmental issues without compromising economic development.
Key words: Development, Environment, Strategies, Sustainable