THEME: BRIDGING THE SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY FRONTIERS: INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES WITH INNOVATION TO ADDRESS AFRICAN CHALLENGES
DATE: 28th – 31st JANUARY, 2025
VENUE:USMAN DANFODIYO UNIVERSITY, UDU-SOKOTO, SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA
ORGANIZER: MEDITERRANEAN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACT:
THEORIZING A DE-COLONIAL FRAMEWORK FOR CLIMATE ADAPTATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: RECLAIMING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION
DAVID SESUGH AULE
Institute for Development Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Abstract
This paper explores the urgent need for a decolonial framework in climate adaptation strategies within Sub-Saharan Africa. Existing approaches, often rooted in Western paradigms, have proven inadequate, neglecting valuable Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS). This theoretical exploration argues for the reclamation and integration of IKS as a foundational element for sustainable climate innovation. The methodology employed is a critical literature review, analyzing existing scholarship on climate adaptation, decolonial theory, and IKS in the African context. This process involved a thematic analysis of selected peer-reviewed articles, policy documents, and grey literature to identify key areas where IKS can offer transformative solutions. The study reveals a significant disconnect between top-down adaptation policies and local realities, highlighting missed opportunities for incorporating IKS in areas like water management, agriculture, and disaster preparedness. The paper recommends shifting away from a solely technological and externally driven approach to climate adaptation, advocating instead for collaborative frameworks co-designed with indigenous communities that prioritize local knowledge and self-determination. This decolonial lens emphasizes the inherent resilience within African societies and promotes a more equitable and effective path toward climate adaptation.
Key Words: Decoloniality, Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS), Climate Adaptation, Sustainable Innovation, Sub-Saharan Africa
SOCIAL INNOVATION AND INCLUSIVITY AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE; A STUDY OF ACCESS BANK NIGERIA
OLOTA, OLUWAYOMI OMOTAYO; BALOGUN EBENEZER OLUWADAMILARE; & BABAWALE, OPEYEMI EMMANUEL
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Ilorin.
Abstract
Organizations today, especially the banking industry demand high level of innovativeness from its employees and also tend to ensure there is inclusiveness within the organization. However, this high demand not only hamper the job satisfaction level of the employees but also affect their motivation level. Hence, this study examines social innovation and inclusivity and its impact on organizational performance in Nigeria banking industry. The specific objectives are to determine the effect of Social Innovation on employee job satisfaction, and to examine the influence of Social Inclusivity on employee motivation level. Cross sectional survey was conducted on a population of 297 employees of six Access bank branch in Ilorin metropolis with questionnaire administered to a sample of 169 of the population. Data were analyzed using SEM through SmartPLS v.23. The results shows that social innovation partially affect employee job satisfaction [Collaborative Culture (β=0.374, p=0.001); Employee Engagement (β=0.449, p=0.000); Employee training programs (β=0.003, p=0.976)]. Also, social inclusivity partially affects employee motivation level [Equal Opportunities (β=0.212, p=0.028); Inclusive Leadership (β=-0.118, p=0.246); Support Networks (β=0.322, p=0.005)]. The study concludes that social innovation and inclusivity are to a large extent vital to achieve strong organizational performance. The study therefore recommends that banks will benefit from changing its training programs to make them match up with what employees actually need. In addition, banks should build peer support programs together with mentoring structures which promote productive employee relationships through collaborative networks.
Keyword: Employee Job Satisfaction, Employee Motivation Level, Organizational Performance, Social Inclusivity, Social Innovation,
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR DEPRESSION DETECTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA
WADZANI ADUWAMAI GADZAMA; DANLAMI GABI; MUSA SULE ARGUNGU; AND HASSAN UMAR SURU
Department of Computer Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria
Abstract
Depression is a severe form of sadness in which the individual loses interest in any activity. Millions of people are affected with depression worldwide. It is a severe mental ailment accounting for a significant number of illnesses. Furthermore, it has several negative consequences for society and the country, leading to societal deterioration. If not treated, the implications might be severe, including death. Social media sites like Twitter and Facebook are popular among all generations, allowing people to interact and express their feelings, emotions, and interests. This paper collected depression-related datasets from Facebook posts and the Sentiment140 dataset on Kaggle. The datasets were divided into an 80:20 ratio for model training and testing. The deep learning algorithms were analysed using Python 3.7 and Google Colab.The study evaluates the effectiveness of long short-term memory (LSTM), recurrent neural network (RNN), bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), and Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) classifiers when using a combined dataset from Facebook and Twitter to detect signs of depression. This study showed that BERT outperformed other techniques, such as LSTM, RNN, and Bi-LSTM, which were used in this study with 95% accuracy for depressive content identification. The result indicates its superior ability to capture and interpret complex depression-related linguistic patterns. The Bi-LSTM model improves predictive performance for early depression detection of depression, as evidenced by experimental results obtained using multiple performance measures. This research will assist psychologists, policymakers, and other concerned members of society in identifying individuals who are vulnerable to depression and other mental health conditions among social media users.
Keywords: Depression, Detection, Depression Detection, Deep Learning, Social Media, and Algorithm
GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF FLOOD VULNERABILITY ON LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGES IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS
ABDULLAHI MOHAMMAD ALHAJI
Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi
Abstract
This study investigates the geospatial impacts of flood vulnerability on land use and land cover (LULC) changes within Bauchi Metropolis. Using a combination of satellite imagery, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and statistical analyses, the research identifies flood-prone areas and their correlation with various land cover types. The study reclassifies LULC into flood vulnerability categories, highlighting areas with very high, high, moderate, low, and none vulnerability levels.Results indicate that 5.87% of the area falls into the very high vulnerability class, predominantly comprising urban and built-up zones. Conversely, 52.11% of the area is moderately vulnerable, representing mixed land uses with moderate flood susceptibility. The analysis further reveals the critical role of farmlands and woodlands in mitigating flood risks. High-risk zones, including Baraya, Gwallagan Mayaki, and Zango, require immediate intervention to prevent severe flood impacts. Moderate and low-risk areas demand proactive urban planning and sustainable land management to prevent escalation in vulnerability.The study employs advanced geospatial techniques to classify flood risks and presents actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and disaster management agencies. By identifying flood-prone areas and their specific LULC types, the research provides a foundation for targeted flood mitigation strategies, such as enhanced drainage systems, improved land management practices, and the preservation of natural vegetation. This comprehensive geospatial analysis underscores the necessity of integrating land use planning with flood risk management to enhance the resilience of Bauchi Metropolis to future flooding events.
Keywords: Flood, vulnerability, Geospatial, mapping, geospatial, LULC and GIS
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS IMPEDING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GIRL-CHILD EDUCATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
ABUBAKAR AMINU BOYI
Department of Sociology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Abstract
The article underscores the Socio-Cultural and Economic Factors Impeding the Sustainable Development of Girl-Child Education in Northern Nigeria and it is based on the Literatures which were reviewed. It begins with some conceptual clarifications of Girl-Child, Girl-Child Education, and Sustainable Development and in addition to that, the article has also been underpinned by a Feminist Theory of Gender Inequality propounded by Marx. The education of the Girl-Child is something that is of paramount importance but there are a lot of factors which have been identified as the challenges of Girl-Child Education in the northern part of Nigeria. The social factors, for example, comprise illiteracy/ignorance educational inaccessibility, poor educational infrastructures in schools, social insecurity and sexual harassment. Under the cultural factors, there are gender stereotyping, early marriage, forced marriage, and misinterpretation of religious doctrines. Economically, the factors are low economic incomes of parents, commercial value of girls, unemployment commercial child labour and commercial sex. Lastly, there is conclusion and recommendations and all the solutions to the challenges mentioned have been proffered in the recommendations. It was recommended that the Girl-Child Education should be re-intensified and some cultural practices deterring the development of Girl-Child Education in the north should be abolished. The religious leaders are expected to play some fundamental roles in the development of Girl-Child Education and there should be an effective Criminal Justice System for social security. However, the Poverty Alleviation Programmes of the governments should be re-intensified and more parents should be provided with job opportunities and also the essence of doing that is to cater for the daily needs of the families and their development.
Keywords: Girl-Child, Girl-Child Education Sustainable Development, Challenges, Solutions
ASSESSMENT OF DIGITIZATION IN QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
NNAJI, K. N.; & ADAMU, A. D
Department of Quantity Surveying School of Environmental Technology Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State
ABSTRACT
Quantity surveyors, especially the younger generation, are well aware of the industry’s digital trends. They recognize the threat of not embracing digitization and are expecting to cope with the change. The research is aimed at assessing the digitization in quantity surveying firms in Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative and qualitative research approach. The population for the study was made up of registered professionals (quantity surveyors). The use of simple random sampling technique was adopted. One hundred and twenty-six was administered, and one hundred and eighteen quantity surveyors. A structured questionnaire and interview were adopted to collect data. Analysis of data was undertaken with the use of descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency counts, and mean item score). Findings from this study show that digitization tools used in the quantity surveying professions are “Microsoft Office” (RII = 0.92). The finding revealed the most severe barrier to digitization in quantity surveying firms in Nigeria is “high operational cost. (RII = 0.83) . In conclusion, the digitization of quantity surveying firms, particularly in Abuja, Nigeria, presents both opportunities and challenges. It was thus recommended that quantity surveying firms want to promote the necessity of skill development initiatives to augment quantity surveyors’ digital proficiencies. Quantity surveying firms have to suggest methods for minimizing the expenses associated with digital technologies via subsidies, collaborations, or open-source software.
Keywords: Barriers, Digitization, Firms, Quantity Surveying, Tools
INVESTIGATION OF METHYL ESTER SULFONATE SURFACTANT ADSORPTION ON GULU SANDSTONE FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
ALHAJI NDAGI AHMED1*, HABIBU UTHMAN2, MOHAMMED UMAR GARBA3
1,2Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria. 3Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract
Methyl ester sulfonate (MES) was synthesized from used cooking oil via transesterification and sulfonation reactions. Adsorption of the synthesized MES on Gulu sandstone (GSS) was investigated by employing Taguchi experiment design technique to optimized four process parameters namely, concentration, salinity, pH and temperature. The optimum condition was determined to be 500ppm concentration, salinity of 3 wt%, pH of 4.0 and temperature of 30 oC. GSS was characterized with different analytical techniques, SEM, BET, XRD and XRF. The analysis revealed that it is crystalline in nature with quartz as its major component, it is mesoporous with average pore diameter of 3.490 nm.
Key words: Methyl ester sulfonate, Gulu sandstone, Taguchi experimental design.
PAPERLESS OFFICE MANAGEMENT AND THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE OWNED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ENUGU STATE
*ORJI STELLA IFEOMA; & **DR. ANIKEZE NNAEMEKA HILLARY
*Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Enugu State University of Science and Technology. **Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Science, Enugu State University of Science and Technology
ABSTRACT
This study investigated Paperless Office Management and the Performance of State Owned Tertiary Institutions in Enugu State. Purposive randomly sampling was used to draw two state owned tertiary institutions in Enugu State (Enugu State University of Science and Technology, ESUT) and Institute of Management and Technology, IMT). The specific objectives of the study include; to examine the impact of electronic record management on the performance of ESUT and IMT and to ascertain the impact of online payment on the performance of ESUT and IMT. The population for the study consisted of 208 staff of the selected institutions (106 staff of ESUT, and 102 staff of IMT). A sample of 137 respondents was drawn using Taro Yamane sampling technique. Simple percentage was the statistical tool employed for data analysis while the chi-square was used for testing the null hypotheses at 0.5 level of significance a questionnaire developed by the researcher served as the instrument for data collection. The findings of the study revealed that electronic record management has significant positive impact on the performance of ESUT and IMT, online payment has significant positive impact on the performance of ESUT and IMT. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made; school management should ensure that adequate ICT facilities are put in place to ensure efficient school record management and efficient financial management in tertiary institutions in Enugu State, government should provide enough fund for procure of ICT facilities in tertiary institutions, both the state and Federal government should work on the epileptic power supply in Nigeria, most especially in tertiary institutions to ensure efficient service delivery of tertiary institutions across the country.
Keywords: Paperless office, Management, Performance, Electronic Record, Online Payment
THE APPLICABILITY OF BENFORD’S LAW TO DETECT FRAUD IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES LISTED ON THE NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
*BAKSHAK YERIMA SATI; **FRANCIS MAKROP
*Business Education Department, F.U.E., Pankshin. **Integrated Science Department, F.U.E., Pankshin
Abstract
Fraud in financial statements of government and business organizations all over the world has a devastating effect on the individuals as well as the economy of the world. The purpose of this study is to apply Benford’s Law to determine fraud in the financial statements of oil and gas companies in Nigeria from 2012 to 2022. To achieve the objective of the study two null hypothesis were constructed and tested. The study in the first place, employed Benford’s First Significant Digit Distribution and the result show that most of the digits of receivables data and payable data deviated from the proposed Benford’s First Significant Digit Distribution. To determine the significant relationship between the variables of interest, the study employed the Chi-square test. The findings of the study indicates that there is no significant relationship between receivable data of oil and gas companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and the proposed Benford’s First significant digit. Similarly, there is no significant relationship between payable data of oil and gas companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The lack of conformity of the receivable and payable data to Benford’s Law implies that there is fraud. The study recommends that auditors should be employed to further investigate the identified figure of deviations.
Keywords: Benford Law, Receivable, Payable, Chi-square, First Significant Digit
ADDRESSING INSECURITY AS A BARRIER TO FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
SALIMATU RUFAI MOHAMMED PhD; & MANDE MUHAMMAD
Department of Economics, Airforce Institute of Technology, Kaduna State, Nigeria
The paper examines the impact of insecurity on foreign direct investment and economic growth in Nigeria. The paper used annual time series data from 1980 to 2020 with Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Product as dependent variables while insecurity, terrorism, kidnapping and exchange rate are independent variables. The Augmented Dickey Filler and Phillip-Perron techniques were used in testing the presence of unit root in the data. Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM) were employed as estimation techniques. The paper found that, all the variables are co integrated while the long run and short run of ARDL results revealed a negative and significant relationship between insecurity in an aggregate form with FDI inflow but, in disaggregated form, insecurity with Terrorism and Kidnapping are statistically insignificant both in the long run and short run. Also, insecurity in aggregated form with Gross Domestic Products is statistically significant both in the long run and short run more so, insecurity in disaggregated form with Terrorism and Kidnapping cases are insignificant in both long run and short run. However, the paper conclude that, increase in the level of insecurity discourage investors from investing in Nigerian economy. Therefore the paper, recommends among others that policy makers efforts are needed through using modern methods of intelligence gathering and intelligence sharing, training, logistics, motivation, and deploying advanced technology in managing insecurity challenges effectively. However, government should pursue more credible, consistent and sound macro-economic policies for FDI to flourish so also, to increase the level of GDP and reduce intensive level of insecurity in Nigeria.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Insecurity, Sustainable Economic Development, Nigeria
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PERFORMANCE OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USING TRANSMISSION LINE MODEL AND INSET FEED TECHNIQUE
ABBAS ADAMU1, MUHAMMAD ADAMU SULE2, ABUBAKAR ABDULKADIR3 AND MUHAMMAD NAZIF DANLADI4
1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic N’yak Shendam, Plateau State. 2Department of Computer Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo, Gombe State. 3,4.Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State.
ABSTRACT
This paper compared the performance of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with inset feed technique and that with transmission line feeding method. The two antennae were designed and modelled with the same dimensions and materials. The antennae were modelled and simulated using CST Microwave Suite 2019. It was found that the antenna that was designed with inset feed has higher performance than the one designed with transmission line feeding technique. The antenna with inset feed met the requirements for use in 5G applications while the one with transmission line feeding technique did not meet the requirements. The difference in performance therefore is attributed to the different feeding techniques used in designing the antennae.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FIREWALL TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR ROLE IN SECURING SMALL BUSINESS NETWORKS IN TARABA CENTRAL, TARABA STATE
ERIC YAMTAH JANDONG,
ICT Unit, Rectory Department, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The rapid growth of digitalization has made small businesses increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats, necessitating effective security solutions. Firewalls, as critical components of network security, play a vital role in safeguarding sensitive data and ensuring the smooth functioning of small business operations in Taraba Central, Taraba State. This paper presents a comparative analysis of various firewall technologies, including hardware, software, and cloud-based firewalls, examining their strengths, weaknesses, and suitability for small business networks. The analysis focuses on key criteria such as cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation, scalability, and the level of protection provided against modern cyber threats, including malware, ransomware, and unauthorized access. Additionally, the paper explores the challenges small businesses face when choosing the appropriate firewall technology and offers practical recommendations for optimizing network security within budgetary and resource constraints. By evaluating real-world case studies and industry reports, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how different firewall technologies contribute to the overall security posture of small businesses. The findings underscore the importance of selecting the right firewall solution to ensure both data protection and business continuity in an increasingly connected digital environment.
Keywords: Cyber Threats, Network, Firewalls, Scalability and Sustainability
EFFECTS OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING AND EVALUATION ON ADMINISTRATIVE POLICYMAKING IN THE EDUCATIONAL SECTOR (CASE STUDY: BAUCHI LOCAL EDUCATION AUTHORITY OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA)
*SALIHU KASIMU; **LADAN MAIJAMA’A; ***IDI HAMISU; & ****ABUBAKAR ABDULKADIR
*Registry Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. **Department of Computer Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. ***Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. ****Department of Electrical/ Electronic Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
Abstract
This study explores the vital role of Electronic Monitoring And Evaluation (EMAE) in enhancing the elementary education sector. EMAE frameworks offer systematic approaches for assessing educational programs, promoting accountability, and informing data-driven decision-making. The study focuses on teachers within the Bauchi Local Government Education Authority. According to the 2023 Annual School Census, there are 4,226 staff members, from which 367 were sampled using the Yamane formula. The sampling frame was stratified to reach the target respondents effectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprised of closed-ended questions that were designed and validated, achieving a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.83. Based on 358 completed questionnaires, the responses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings emphasize how effective EMAE practices can lead to improved educational outcomes by identifying successful teaching strategies and fostering continuous enhancement. Additionally, the involvement of diverse stakeholders—including educators, parents, and community members—strengthens collaboration and ensures that educational reforms remain relevant and sustainable. The results highlight the significance of EMAE in aligning national education systems with global standards, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ultimately, this research underscores that robust EMAE practices are essential for cultivating an effective, responsive, and equitable educational environment, ensuring that all students receive a quality education.
Key Words: Accountability, Educational Programs, Electronic Monitoring and Evaluation (EMAE), Stakeholders, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO TASK SCHEDULING IN CLOUD COMPUTING FOR BUSINESS EFFICIENCY
SULAIMAN UMAR; & SHITU ABDULLAHI LAME
Department of Computer Science, School of Communication and Information Sciences, AD Rufa’i College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State
Abstract
Task scheduling in cloud computing environments faces a critical challenge due to the need for efficient resource allocation, reduced completion times, and optimized performance. Despite significant advancements, several research gaps remain. This study identifies and explores these gaps, focusing on the integration an adaptive scheduling and multi-objective optimization. The research highlights the need for scalable solutions capable of managing large, heterogeneous environments and the importance of incorporating robust techniques into scheduling algorithms. Furthermore, the integration of energy-efficient scheduling algorithms is emphasized. The potential of hybrid approaches in task scheduling is also explored. Addressing these gaps is crucial for developing a more robust, efficient, and secure task scheduling algorithm and framework, ensuring optimal performance in modern cloud computing environments.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
OYETOSO MODUPEOLU OPEYEMI, BUSARI OLUKAYODE AYODEJI, AFENIFERE YUSUF BABATUNDE
Department of Computer Engineering, the Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT:
This paper presents the design and implementation of a computerized inventory management system aimed at improving efficiency and accuracy in stock control for local retail shops, commonly referred to as mom-and-pop stores. The system integrates modern technological advancements in sales management to streamline processes, reduce manual errors, and ensure accountability. The system is designed with an object-oriented approach and consists of components such as a dashboard, data entry forms, and transaction modules that facilitate real-time inventory tracking and management. Key features include a secure login system for admin and standard users, a well-structured database using MySQL for data storage, and a user-friendly interface developed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 using C#. The results demonstrate significant improvements in inventory management accuracy, operational efficiency, and decision-making capabilities. Future enhancements could include more advanced analytics for sales forecasting, monthly reporting dashboards, and enhanced security measures to further optimize inventory processes.
Keywords: Inventory, Efficiency, Accuracy, Stock Control, Waterfall Model, Object-Oriented Approach, Real-Time Inventory Tracking, Secure Login System, MySQL.
LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL INCLUSION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION
LANDI AMOS GIDEON
Department of General Studies, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study examines the role of English language education in fostering social inclusion in Nigeria, a country characterized by linguistic and cultural diversity. Using a critical lens, the paper analyzes how educational policies, teaching practices, and societal attitudes toward English impact inclusivity across different social strata. Findings highlight the dichotomy between English as a tool for social mobility and as a mechanism of exclusion. Recommendations are provided to bridge these gaps and promote a more inclusive language education system.
Keywords: Language, Social Inclusion, Nigerian English, Language Education.
STUDIES ON THE CONCENTRATION OF VOLATILE COMPOSITIONS OF A NIGERIA GROWN CITRUS SINENSIS PEEL ESSENTIAL OIL
*IMRAN, MUSAH OLALEKAN, *LAWAL, ISMAIL AJEROGBA, *AZEEZ, GAFAR OLATUNJI AND *AHMED, WASIU AYINDE
*Science Laboratory Technology Department, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki.
ABSTRACT
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile (easily evaporated at normal temperatures) chemical compounds from plants. They are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetheroleum, or simply as the oil of the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. Essential oil enters the body primarily in three ways: absorption through the skin, inhalation and ingestion. Essential oils are generally derived from one or more plant parts, such as flowers, leaves, stems, bark, wood, roots, seeds, fruits, rhizomes and gums. The essential oil is present in the fruit’s peel in great quantities. The citrus essential oil is a mixture of volatile compounds and mainly consists of monoterpene hydrocarbon. This research is aimed at investigating the chemical compositions of Nigerian grown Citrus Sinensis peel essential oil. The oranges were gotten from Sango market in Saki-West Local Government, Saki. The was carefully removed, washed and air dried in the laboratory for three weeks, grinded to sizes and then hydro distilled using Clevenger’s set-up apparatus for the essential oil. The oil was analysed using Gas Chromatography method of analysis for its chemical compositions. About twenty-three chemical compositions revealed, where D-limone was of the highest composition (67.36%) and Oleyl alcohol and Cyclooctasiloxane were of pronounced amount of 9.98 and 9.59% respectively. The result comprises of terpenes and other oxygenated hydrocarbons. D-limone pose no health risks when consumed in large amounts in food products, but it hasn’t undergone enough testing to determine it’s safety. Therefore, it is recommended that before using orange essential oil a medical practitioner must be consulted for advise and it should be stored in places that are not accessible to children.
Key Words: Essential Oil, Citrus Sinensis, Gas Chromatography, Monoterpene, D-limonene,
THE SPECTROSCOPIC ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BAOBAB SEED FOUND AT KUKAWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BORNO STATE
YAGANA M. SHETTIMA; & FUSAM S. KUBURI
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno State.
Abstract
The determination of mineral elements in baobab seeds is therefore, a critical area of research, as it sheds light on the nutritional potential and value of this ancient super food. Understanding the mineral content can provide valuable insights into the dietary benefits these seeds offer, thus contributing to the exploration of innovative food sources. The baobab is a prehistoric species which predates both mankind and the splitting of the continents over 200 million years ago. Native of the African savannah where the climate is extremely dry and grid, it is said to be a symbol of life. It is a succulent which means that during the rainy season it absorbs and stores water in its vast trunk, enabling it to produce a nutrient dense fruit in the dry season when all around is dry and arid. This is how it become known as “the tree of life”. The determination of some mineral elements in baobab seed revealed that the concentration of calcium was 1200 mg, magnesium 420 mg, potassium 4700 mg, iron 6.67, zinc 11 mg, therefore, with consideration to the obtained result. The experiment can be summarized that the baobab seed contain a significant amount of mineral element.
Keywords: Baobab seed, Mineral elements, concentration
THE INFLUENCE OF RESOURCE SHARING ON INFORMATION DISSEMINATION AMONG POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS OF TARABA STATE UNIVERSITY, JALINGO
RAYMOND A. WAZIRI
Library Department, Federal Polytechnic Bali, PMB 05, Bali, Taraba State
Abstract
This study examines the influence of resource sharing on information dissemination among postgraduate students at Taraba State University, Jalingo. Resource sharing, involving the collaborative use of digital and physical resources, is pivotal in providing access to diverse academic materials. The study explores the availability and accessibility of ICT tools, the extent of information sharing, and the collaboration channels utilized by students. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from a population of 3,500 postgraduate students through a questionnaire, with systematic sampling determining the sample size. Findings revealed that smartphones and tablets were the most available ICT tools, while USB drives and printers/scanners were highly accessible. CD-ROMs and switches were the least available and accessible tools. The results underscore the need for improved ICT infrastructure and collaboration frameworks to enhance academic resource sharing. This research is significant for postgraduate students, university management, and library administrators, offering actionable insights to boost research productivity and academic outcomes.
Keywords: Resource sharing, Information dissemination, ICT tools, Postgraduate students, Collaboration, Academic materials, Taraba State University, Descriptive survey design.
ABSTRACT NO.2
THE EFFECT OF PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL ON PRODUCT QUALITY: A STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL BREWERIES IN ILESA, OSUN STATE
ISAAC OLUFEMI ADESUYI; ABIOLA JOSHUA AJANI; ISAAC OLAKUNLE OLUDOYI; & YOMI JEKENNU
Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo state, Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of Production Planning and Control (PPC) on product quality at International Breweries Plc in Ilesa, Osun State. The study focuses on three key PPC components: material requirement planning, scheduling system, and product inspection. The study employed cross sectional survey design. The study population comprises 1553 staff working at the manufacturing plant of International Breweries Plc, Ilesa. A sample size of 318 was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula. Online survey was designed to collect data from the respondents. A total of 231 responses were retrieved and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that all three PPC components have a positive and statistically significant impact on product quality. Specifically, Product Inspection exhibited the most substantial effect, followed by the Scheduling System and Material Requirement Planning. These results suggest that investments in strong PPC mechanisms can lead to significant improvements in production outcomes, reinforcing the importance of continuous optimization of PPC processes. The study concludes with recommendations for International Breweries Plc and similar organizations to enhance their PPC practices, thereby improving product quality and customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Production Planning and Control, Product Quality, Material Requirement Planning, Scheduling System, Product Inspection, International Breweries Plc,
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOFLOCCULANT AND PLANT-BASED STERILIZER IN WATER PURIFICATION: A REVIEW
DIRISU ABRAHAM DANJUMA; AMBA, AKANIMO.EMENE; ADENIYI, OLALEKAN DAVID; & OKAFOR JOSEPH ONYEBUCHI
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, P. M.B. 065, Minna, Nigeria
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the environmental impact and sustainability of bioflocculants and plant-based sterilizers as emerging alternatives in water purification technologies. The study analyzes the mechanisms, types, and applications of these bio-based solutions, highlighting their potential to address the global challenges of water pollution and treatment. Bioflocculants, derived from microbial and plant sources, demonstrate multiple flocculation mechanisms including charge neutralization, bridging, and sweep flocculation. Plant-based sterilizers exhibit antimicrobial properties through various modes of action such as membrane disruption, enzyme inhibition, and DNA damage. The environmental assessment reveals significant advantages over conventional methods, including high biodegradability, reduced toxicity, and lower carbon footprint. Both technologies demonstrate strong sustainability credentials across environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The review concludes with detailed recommendations for future research directions, emphasizing the need for optimization of production processes, exploration of novel sources, comprehensive life cycle assessments, and integration of these technologies into existing water treatment systems. This analysis underscores the potential of bioflocculants and plant-based sterilizers as sustainable solutions for water purification challenges while identifying critical areas for further development and implementation.
Keywords: Bioflocculants, Plant-based sterilizers, Water purification, Sustainability, Environmental impact.
EXAMINING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INANA RIVER FLOOD ON WARARI COMMUNITY IN RIJAU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
ILIYA, SILAS 1, GARBA INUWA KUTA2, HASSAN SULEIMAN3, IORNONGO TERSEER4
1,2,4Federal University of Technology, Minna. 3Niger State College of Education Minna
Abstract
Globally, flooding is regarded as the most ubiquitous natural disaster that affects people in different dimensions than any other natural disasters. It is an extreme natural occurring weather event that results in an overflow of large amounts of surface water over land that is not always inundated. The study is aimed at examining the socio-economic impact of Inana river flood in Warari community in Rijau Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria. The data for the causes and impact which floods have had on the socio-economic livelihoods and coping mechanisms was sourced through questionnaires administering, observation and survey. The findings of the study revealed the major causes of flood within the study area is as a result of excessive rainfall, human activities and overflow of river Inana. Also about 45% of the respondents recorded damage or loss to their house/building while 35% claimed same to personal belongings worth millions of naira were destroyed as a result of the flood. The study further revealed that one of the numerous human activities implicated in flood occurrence is dumping of refuse in drainages. The coping strategies that will mitigate flood activities revealed that 40% of the respondents did nothing to ameliorate the flood impact on their houses/building. While 25% changed location, 16% made embankments and 14% shifted to higher ground considering the cost of relocation. The research recommends that at the community level, flood mitigation measures such as tree planting and other capacity development strategies should be encouraged. Also the channel improvement works such as clearing the sand bar at the mouth of the river and maintaining a uniform bed slope from the Inana river to the river mouth will reduce the flooding and enhance river flushing activity which in turn will rejuvenate the river.
Keywords: Flooding, Drainages, Disaster, Socio-economic, vulnerable
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF MORINGA SEED OIL FOR BIOLUBRICANT PRODUCTION USING GRANULATED CALCIUM OXIDE FROM AGRICULTURAL MATERIAL AS HETEROGENOUS CATALYST
FRED EHIDIAMHEN GODSPOWER; & DR A.A ABOJE, PROF A.S KOVO
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET), Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
Moringa seed oil was studied for the synthesis of trimethylolpropane based bio lube base stock via chemical transesterification of Moringa methyl ester with trimethylolpropane (TMP) using calcium oxide catalyst synthesized from chicken egg shell. Reactions temperatures was carried out at 110OC and methyl esters to TMP mole ratios ranged between 4:1. Product analysis, ester groups and physio-chemical properties were obtained by gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and American Society for testing and material standard methods, respectively. viscosity of 30.8 and 5.48 cSt at 40 and 100 OC, respectively; viscosity index of 168, pour point of -60C and flash point of 187 OC. Temperature and mole ratio were the main factors that influenced the reaction. MBL properties complied with ISO VG 32 standard and could be applied as lube base stock with minor modifications.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES IN KWARA STATE
KAYODE DAVID KOLAWOLE
Department of Finance, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Abstract
The study examined how corporate social responsibility affected Kwara State businesses’ employees’ performance. The study used primary data collected by distributing questionnaires to employees of selected Kwara State businesses. In order to determine the sample size, 576 people were selected, and the sampling technique used in the study was Creswell and Creswell (2012). To analyse the collected data, the study used Partial Least Square (PLS) Structural Equation Modelling. The study’s findings demonstrated that Kwara State employees’ performance is positively impacted by their philanthropic duties. The study also showed that Kwara state employees’ performance is positively impacted by education responsibility. Lastly, the results demonstrated that Kwara state employees’ performance is positively impacted by ethical responsibility. According to the study, CSR significantly affects how well employees perform in Kwara State businesses. According to the report, businesses should practise environmental responsibility in order to improve employee performance.
IMPACT OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION ON ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION-MAKING IN BASIC EDUCATION SUB-SECTOR OF BAUCHI LOCAL EDUCATION AUTHORITY
1KASIMU SALIHU, 2ADAMU ABUBAKAR, 3UMAR FAROUQ SALISU & 4HAMISU IDI
1Registry, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. 2,3,4Mathematics and Statistics Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi
Abstract
This study examines the pivotal role of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) in enhancing the basic education sub-sector. M&E frameworks provide systematic methodologies for assessing educational programs, fostering accountability, and informing data-driven decision-making. The population of the study are teachers in Bauchi Local Government Education Authority, which according to Annual School Census, 2023, there are 4,226 staff out of which 367 were sampled using Yamane formula. The sample frame was stratified and reached to the target respondents. Data was collected using a structured and closed ended questionnaire designed and validated (Cronbarch’s Alpha = 0.83). The responses collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics based on the recovered questionnaires on complete cases (358). Findings highlights how effective M&E practices lead to improved educational outcomes by identifying successful teaching strategies and promoting continuous improvement. Furthermore, the engagement of diverse stakeholders including educators, parents, and community members enhances collaboration and ensures that educational reforms are relevant and sustainable. The findings displayed the importance of M&E in aligning national education systems with global standards, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ultimately, this research emphasizes that robust M&E practices are essential for fostering an effective, responsive, and equitable educational environment, thereby ensuring that all students receive quality education.
Key Words: Monitoring and Evaluation, Performance, Basic Education, Data, Decision-Making
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PERFORMANCE OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USING TRANSMISSION LINE MODEL AND INSET FEED TECHNIQUE
ABBAS ADAMU1, MUHAMMAD ADAMU SULE2, ABUBAKAR ABDULKADIR3 AND M. D. NAZIF4
1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic N’yak Shendam, Plateau State. 2Department of Computer Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo, Gombe State. 3,4Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State.
ABSTRACT
This paper compared the performance of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with inset feed technique and that with transmission line feeding method. The two antennae were designed and modelled with the same dimensions and materials. The antennae were modelled and simulated using CST Microwave Suite 2019. It was found that the antenna that was designed with inset feed has higher performance than the one designed with transmission line feeding technique. The antenna with inset feed met the requirements for use in 5G applications while the one with transmission line feeding technique did not meet the requirements. The difference in performance therefore is attributed to the different feeding techniques used in designing the antennae.
Key Words: Performance, Feeding, Technique, Inset, Transmission.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON METHODS OF TEACHING KEYBOARDING, OFFICE PROCEDURES AND BUSINESS COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA AND CHINA AT THREE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EDUCATION
UMAR BASHIR ABBA.
Department of Office Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic Bali, PMB, 05 Bali Taraba State.
Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of teaching methods for keyboarding, office procedures, and business communication in Nigeria and China across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of education. The research aims to identify similarities and differences in curriculum design, teaching methodologies, and assessment practices in both countries. By analyzing the educational frameworks, textbooks, and teacher training programs, the study will contribute to understanding the effectiveness and challenges of current teaching methods. This research will provide valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to improve the teaching and learning of essential business skills in Nigeria and China, potentially informing the development of more effective and globally relevant educational approaches.
Keywords: Business Education, Keyboarding, Curriculum, Teaching, Methodology
HARNESSING ECO-INNOVATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA’S AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY
*STANLEY AKPEVWE ONOBRAKPEYA (Ph.D); & **UWAGWU ISIOMA PRISCILLIA
*Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic Orogun, Delta State **Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Orogun, Delta State.
Abstract
The study explored the impact of eco-innovation strategies on the sustainability of the agri-food industry in Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design, data was collected via structured questionnaires from a purposive sample of agripreneurs across Edo and Delta State. Cochran formula was employed to determine a sample size of 384 participants. The questionnaire, validated through content validity and face validity, measured four variables using a 5-point Likert scale and tested for reliability through internal consistency reliability. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that government-sponsored innovation policies, sustainable product design and renewable energy sources integration significantly promote sustainable development. It was concluded that eco-innovation strategies have a significant positive effect on the sustainability of the agri-food industry in Nigeria. It was recommended that companies should invest in research and development to create products that minimize waste, use recyclable materials, and are energy-efficient, ensuring a balance between environmental stewardship and market competitiveness.
Keywords: Eco-Innovation Strategies, Government-Sponsored Innovation Policies, Sustainable Development
IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEES’ PRODUCTIVITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH
*ABDULLAHI IBRAHIM WUSHISHI; *MOHAMMED NURA ADAMU; & **ABUBAKAR UMAR FARUK
*Department of Business Administration and Management, Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru, Bida Campus. **Department of Marketing, Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru, Bida Campus.
Abstract
Employees are vital organizational asset that must be proactively or reactively empowered through training and development to bridge the knowledge and skills gap created by the current dynamic working environment. Training and development are a veritable tool used in providing employees with the requisite knowledge and skills to effectively and efficiently undertake job task. This project aimed at assessing the impact of training and development on employees’ productivity, the identification of the relationship therein and to suggest how business organizations can enhance the productivity of its workforce to meet challenges of the 21st century. The conceptual literature review approach was adopted in this paper which involves critically reviewing articles, periodicals, books published in English language between the years 2000 to 2023 with the view of synthesizing information on ‘training and development on employees’ productivity’ based on the analysis from existing studies. The paper reveals that employees who are trained are likely to be more skilful, competent, and more proficient in performing their jobs than the employees’ that are not trained. Training and development programs are aimed at upgrading both employee and organizational productivity. It is a process of continuous learning which provides conducive environment for employees to gain various knowledge, skills (personal, technical and professional) and keeping them on the right track towards the achievement of organizational mission, vision and goal. It was concluded that training and development has a positive impact on employee productivity and organizations should lay emphasis and embark on effective training and development of its employees to increase their productivity and gain competitive edge over competitors. Implication for future research may include moderating variables such as age, team work, life style and level of education.
Keywords: Human Capital, Training, Development, Employee, Productivity.
RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLGY (RSM) OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACHTERIZATION OF SILICA PRODUCTION FROM BIDA RICE HUSK
ADAMU M1., OLUTOYE, M. A2., ETERIGHO E. J2 AND YAHYA M. D2.
1Federal Polytechnic, Bida. 2Federal University of Technology, Minna
Abstract
Due to the fact that the compositions of silica derived from rice husk depends on the soil type and composition, type of fertilizer and chemicals used during planting and climate or geographical factors. In this particular research, the production of silica from rice husk obtained from Bida was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The final silica produced at optimum conditions was characterized using XRF, XRD, SEM/EDX and BET. Preliminary investigations were conducted on the reaction variables which include: NaOH concentration, volume of NaOH, reaction temperature and reaction time. The results obtained were used to generate a design matrix using design expert 13.0 software via Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The software suggested a quadratic model that predicted the optimum yield of 7.655 g at optimum conditions of 3.0 M NaOH, 250 ml NaOH, 90 minutes reaction time and 100 OC reaction temperatures. The model fit statistics also shows that the predicted R2 value of 0.9141 is in agreement with the adjusted R2 value of 0.9654. The adequate precision of the model is 28.558 with an insignificant lack of fit P-value of 1.71. The experimental optimum yield recorded is 7.30 g with a standard deviation of 0.251. The XRF analysis reveals 71.415 % and 79.120 % silica in the rice husk and final silica respectively. The XRD results shows predominance of amorphous silica while the SEM image shows that the silica possesses agglomerates particles of irregular shapes that are jagged and porous. The elemental analysis from the EDX is in accord with the XRF result. The BET results showed that the silica has a surface area of 314 m2/g, pore volume of 0.1761 cm3/g and pore size of 2.128 nm. From all the results gathered, silica of significant quality and characteristics can be successfully produced from Bida rice husk.
EFFECT OF AFRICA CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AGREEMANT ON GROWTH OF MOBILE TELEPHONE NETWORK, NIGERIA
MUSA SADIQ ABDUL-KHADIR; SHEHU HUSSAINI; & MUKHTAR ALHASSAN AHMAD
Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of the African Continental Free Trade Areement (AfCFTA) on the growth of multinational corporations (MNCs), with a specific focus on MTN Nigeria. Employing a descriptive/survey research design, data were collected through a structured survey distributed to employees of selected MTN Nigeria. The study population consists of employees across various mining firms, with a sample size of 385 respondents calculated using cochrane sample size formula. The sample was selected through stratified random sampling to ensure adequate representation. three hypotheses were tested using t-statistics through structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to assess the relationship between the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) and growth. The results reveal that unified market, facilitated value addition have positive and statistically significant effects on growthbut encouraged investment has statistically insignificant Based on these findings, it is recommended that MTN Nigeria should leverage the opportunities offered by a unified market under AfCFTA by expanding its regional presence, enhancing cross-border collaborations, and adopting strategies that tap into the broader African market. This will help in increasing market share and accelerating growth and the Governments should prioritize policies that support market integration across the continent, reduce trade barriers, and promote harmonization of regulations to create a more conducive environment for mobile network growth and regional trade.
REVIEW ON THE CHEMISTRY OF AZO DYE
*YAGANA M. SHETTIMA; & **FALMATA A.ABADAM
*Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno State. **Department of Food Science Technology, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno State.
Abstract
Azo dyes represent the largest production volume of chemistry dye today, and their relative importance may even increase in the future. They play a crucial role in the governance of the dye and printing market. These dyes are synthesized from a simple method of diazotization and coupling. Different routes and modifications are made to obtain the desired color properties, yield and particle size of the dye for improved dispersibility. Azo dyes are the most used dyes and account for more than 60 % of total dyes. Approximately 70 % of all the dyes used in industry are azo dyes. These compounds are characterized by the functional group (-N=N-) uniting two symmetrical and/or asymmetrical identical or non-azo alkyl or aryl radicals. Azo dyes are the most important synthetic colorants which have been widely used in textile, printing, paper manufacturing, etc. As well as their harmful effects of azo dyes on humans and aquatic life, have aroused urgent calls for the treatment of effluents containing azo dyes to eliminate them or convert them into useful and safe products. In addition, the distribution of dyes in water increased with the increase in the molecular weight of the azo dyes, probably caused by the increase in the molecular weight of the azo dyes in the form of increased azo bonds, resulting in a decrease in the rate degradation of azo dyes. Most azo dyes are synthesized by diazotization of an aromatic primary amine, followed by coupling with one or more electron-rich nucleophiles such as amino and hydroxy. There are other methods of synthesis of azo dyes among these are reduction of nitroaromatic derivatives in alkaline medium, reduction of nitrous compounds by AlLiH4, oxidation of primary amines by permanganate potassium or lead tetra acetate, condensation of hydrazines and quinones, condensation of primary amines with nitroso derivatives, etc. The azo group may be bonded to benzene rings, naphthalenes, aromatic heterocycles or to enolizable aliphatic groups. These are essential to give the color of the dye, with their shades of different intensities. In general, the chemical structure of an azo dye is represented by a backbone, the auxochrome groups, the chromophoric groups and the solubilizing groups. The color of the azo dyes is determined by the azo bonds and their associated chromophores and auxochromes. The azo dyes are generally characterized by a chemical groups capable of forming covalent bonds with the textile substrates.
Keywords: Azo dye, Aromatic Primary amine, colours of Azo dye.
THE FUTURE OF WIRELESS NETWORKS: EMERGING RESEARCH CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES POST-5G
SANI ABDULLAHI; MUHAMMAD USMAN; SHAMSUDDEEN ABDULLAHI; ABDULMALIK UMAR; & SEIDU AUWAL MUHAMMAD
Department of Computer Engineering, Jigawa State Polytechnic for Information and Communication Technology (Informatics), Kazaure.
Abstract
The deployment of 5G networks has marked a significant milestone in wireless communication, enabling ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC). However, as the demand for higher data rates, lower latency, and seamless connectivity continues to grow, the limitations of 5G are becoming apparent. The evolution of wireless networks has been a cornerstone of technological advancement, with 5G networks currently revolutionizing connectivity. However, as the demand for higher data rates, lower latency, and ubiquitous connectivity grows, the limitations of 5G are becoming apparent. This paper explores the future of wireless networks beyond 5G, focusing on emerging research challenges and opportunities. We examine key technologies such as 6G, terahertz (THz) communication, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven networks, and quantum communication. Additionally, we discuss the integration of wireless networks with the Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, and the metaverse. The paper concludes with a roadmap for future research directions to address the challenges and harness the opportunities in post-5G wireless networks.
Keywords: 6G, Terahertz Communication, AI-driven Networks, Quantum Communication, IoT, Edge Computing, Metaverse.
USE OF HEALTH INFORMATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF MALARIA AMONG POST-NATAL MOTHERS IN ODUGBO COMMUNITY UNDER APA L.G.A. OF BENUE STATE
ABUBAKAR, USMAN1 AND NURA MOHAMMED MUSA2.
College Library, Federal College of Education, Odugbo, Benue State.
Abstract
This paper investigated the use of health information for the prevention of malaria among post-natal mothers in Odugbo community under Apa L.G.A. of Benue State. The study was guided by two objective. Survey research design method was adopted for the study. The targeted population of the study was 192 which comprised 187 post-natal mothers and 5 librarians. Total enumeration or census was carried out because the population size is manageable. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Out of the 187 and 5 copies of questionnaire administered to post-natal mothers and librarians, 184 and 5 copies were filled, returned and used for the analysis representing 98% and 100% respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study revealed that librarians moderately disseminate information to post-natal mothers on anti-malarial drugs through personal space/my library, television/radio announcement and library orientation services. The study concluded that librarians mainly disseminate information to post-natal mothers through the library websites, personal space/my library, television/radio announcement and library orientation services. The study recommended that the management of Federal College of Education where the college library is established should create available and accessible channels such as through mails, library websites, telephone conversations, networked databases and through discussions or lectures on clinic days to disseminate information to post-natal mothers on malaria diseases, its causes and preventive measures.
Keywords: Health information, Librarians, Malaria diseases, Post-natal mothers, Use
EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH-RISK FROM THREE WATER SOURCES IN BALI METROPOLIS, BALI LGA, TARABA STATE
JACKSON, SOYINKA MALANTSO; SOLOMON, EFKAH JAMES; & SULE, MALAMJO TANYAM
Department of Biochemistry/Chemistry, Federal Polytechnic Bali.
ABSTRACT
A pollutant is any substance that interacts with an environment and is capable of causing harm to both organisms and the environment itself. Examples of chemical pollutants include; heavy metals, pesticides residues etc. Three water samples were collected in a clean 750ml container from different sources (river, borehole and well) in different areas of Bali town, Bali local government area of Taraba State. Heavy metal concentration and physicochemical analysis was carried out. Results from analysis showed mean iron (Fe) concentration to be 24.52mg/L (river), 4.13mg/L (Well) and 3.12mg/L (borehole) which are higher in all the water samples when compared with the iron tolerable limits of 0.3mg/L by WHO, USEPA and NSDWQ whereas, Zn and Cu are only higher in river water with a tolerable limit of 5.0mg/L, manganese was found to be higher in all the water samples analyzed with a tolerable limit of 0.1 mg/L which was slightly higher compared to those of standards. The Physicochemical parameters analyzed showed that river water was more turbid with a value of (6.4NTU) which was above tolerable limit of 5.0NTU as contained in the standard. However, river water with a higher conductivity value of (344.15uS/cm) was still below the tolerable limits of 1000 µS/cm when compared with water samples from well and borehole. Proper water treatment was recommended to be carried out on the water from well, borehole and river sources before human consumption in order to prevent bioaccumulation which may lead to health-related problems associated with its consumption.
Key Words: Pollutants, Environment, Health, Risk, Evaluation, Chemical.
INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF NEEM SEED OIL ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OIL FROM NIGERIA TO PREVENT WAX FORMATION
SADIKU MUSTAPHA ENEYE, PROF. O. AZEEZ, PROF. A. MUKHTAR
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Infrastructure Process Engineering and Technology (SIPET), Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
Wax deposition is one of the major flow assurance issues faced by the oil industry, the accumulation of the wax deposits in the pipeline reduces or interrupts the production, and in the worst case completely clogs the pipeline, which results in field abandonment or equipment failure. Several methods have been proposed for mitigating the effects of wax deposition. Chemical methods are the most convenient and economical methods for wax deposition and precipitation. The chemical additives in use have varied limitations, ranging from high cost to a limited spread of crude oil that a particular additive can handle. Therefore, the effect of natural chemicals, obtained from neem seed on the rheological properties of Nigerian waxy crude oil was studied. The crude oil obtained from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria used for the study was characterized to obtain their hydrocarbon composition, wax content, pour point, cloud point, viscosity, specific gravity, and API using standard methods. Seven samples of crude oil containing varying concentrations of neem seed oil were prepared. The rheological properties such as viscosity, temperature, shear stress, shear rate, pour point, and cloud point, were determined for each sample. The results revealed that the viscosity and shear stress decreased at increasing concentration of neem seed oil with the lowest value obtained at 5000 ppm. Also, the results revealed that neem seed oil was capable of depressing the pour point and cloud point up to 18.43 oC and 29.74 oC respectively at 5000 ppm concentration.
EFFECT OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING COMPANY IN NIGERIA
OLAITAN, OLUMIDE OLATUNDE; & AZEEZ, LUKMAN ADEDAYO
Accountancy Department, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki
Abstract
The study aims to examine the effect of both social sustainability reporting and environmental sustainability reporting on financial performance of selected manufacturing company in Nigeria. The study made use of an ex-post-factor research design. The study employed secondary sources of data obtained from the annual report and financial statements of five (5) selected manufacturing companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange for a period of 10years (2014–2023). A purposive sampling method was employed to selectfive (5) quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The population of the study consists of all listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria as 31st December, 2023 and the sample size is the 5 selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria which are: Guinness Plc, Flour Mill Plc, Dan Sugar Plc, Cadbury Plc, and Nestle Plc. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results revealed that social sustainability reporting has positive insignificant effect on Profit after Taxat Beta of 0.32 (pv>0.05) and environmental sustainability reporting also has negative insignificant effect on Profit after Taxat Beta of-0.632 (pv>0.05) on financial performance of selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Therefore, social and environmental sustainability reporting has no significant effect on financial performance of selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study therefore, recommended that among others there is need to adopt sand ardized sustainability index in other to mount more pressure on entities to pay more attention to both social and environmental disclosures and be more serious with issues of sustainability development.
Keywords: Social Sustainability Reporting, Environmental Sustainability Reporting, Financial Performance, Manufacturing Company, Profitability.
NIGERIA’S RESEARCH REACTOR-1: AN ELEMENTAL TOOL FOR NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
- ABDULAZEEZ1*, J. L OGBANJE2, M. LAWAL3 A. SAMINU4 AND U. IBRAHIM5
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda Zamfara State, Nigeria
Abstract
A Nuclear reactor produces and controls the release of energy from splitting the atoms of certain element. This paper discusses the description of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 as a sensitive analytical tool used for performing both the qualitative and quantitative multi-elemental analysis of major, minor, and trace elements in a material samples. The characteristics which, makes it suitable for Neutron Activation Analysis includes easy start up and shunt down of the reactor, low burn-up, and low temperature at the irradiation site enables the irradiation of the biological and liquid samples. The process of target preparation involves pre-treatment and packaging. Samples are packed according to their form; target material in the form of deliquescence powder is baked in an oven. However target materials in form of foils or wire may be encapsulated into vials directly and heat sealed for irradiation. Dispensable materials in the form of liquids and powder may also be heat-sealed in polyethylene film. The NRR-1 is applicable to variety of scientific discipline such as the archeology, environmental science, geology and agriculture among others.
Keyword: Elemental Analysis, Sample preparations, Irradiation, NAA, NRR-1, Nuclear Reactor
EFFECT OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY AND LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
1IBRAHIM SHEHU NAKAZALLE, 2SHEHU ALIYU, 3 PROF. LUKA MAILAFIYA
1& 2Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State. 3Department of Accounting, ABU Business School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
ABSTRACT
This study examined the relationship between capital adequacy, liquidity management and financial performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. The study used correlational research design. Data were collected from the published annual financial reports of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The population of the study comprised of the 14 listed deposit money banks. The adjusted population of twelve (12) listed deposit money banks in Nigeria was arrived at using three points filter. The data were analyzed with the aid of multiple regression technique, the result of the regression showed that there exists a strong positive relationship between efficient capital adequacy and liquidity management and banking performance in terms of Profitability and Return on Assets (ROA). Finally, in line with the conclusion, the study therefore recommends there is need to improve the practice in the advance economies of the world. The need to invest on human capital by banks as it offers the highest returns in terms of increasing performance and it also enhances the level of competence of the employee. Regulatory authority should put in place appropriate policy with compliance measures to check high volume cash transaction and cash hoarding prevalent in the economy. This is important because liquidity management is cumbersome and may be ineffective in an economy that operate solely on large volume of cash transaction or conducts a large proportion of its transactions in cash.
Keywords: Capital Adequacy, Liquidity Management, Financial Performance, Money Deposit Banks
REVIEW ON THE REMOVAL OF IBUPROFEN FROM WASTE
MUSA MUHAMMAD MAIGATARI
Department of Geography, Federal University of Education, Kano
Abstract
Quite unlike conventional water treatment techniques, ozone has been successfully used in water disinfection, which is capable of killing most bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, however, there is no residual effect, degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants (e.g. for micropollutants removal and landfills leachate pretreatment). In this paper, several papers were collected and reviewed to reveal the efficiency of oxonation in removing ibuprofen from water. Nowadays, pharmaceutical pollution is a global problem where national and international actions to reveal their presence, understand their characteristics, and discuss available technologies to remove them from environment matrices are crucial. The review revealed IBU is present in raw effluent at varying concentrations and that conventional Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) cannot effectively and efficiently remove the drugs in totality the removal efficiency also differs widely according to the removal method used, the physical and chemical properties of the drugs and the effects of operating working conditions mainly temperature and pH. The review also pointed out the fact that the occurrence of ibuprofen discharged into surface water bodies results in a high risk to aquatic life, moreover even if the environmental and health risks of Ibuprofen were found to be low. Still, they are discharged at a high daily mass load that could tantamount to negative impact and repercussions on aquatic organisms and man in the long term as a result of chronic exposure. The review also discovered that the removal of Ibuprofen by ozonation has been comparatively compatible and mostly fond to be over 70%.
Keywords: Pharmaceutical pollution, ibuprofen, Oxonation, Water treatment,
RISK MANAGEMENT AND TAX ADMINISTRATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
1IBRAHIM SHEHU NAKAZALLE, 2SHEHU ALIYU, 3JAMILU BELLO NAMODA
1& 2Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State. 3Directorate of Consultancy Services, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State.
Abstract
This paper examines a number of risks that have, over the years, affected the capacity of the Nigerian tax system to invigorate the performance of the national economy. The methodology adopted in the discussions throughout the paper is conceptual, relying heavily on library research. Some of the risks identified in the paper that are associated with Nigerian tax system are low ration of tax revenue to GDP, predominance of the informal economic sector, multiplicity of taxes across the three tiers of government. To be able to lift the country’s economic fortunes and specifically to be able to attain the goals of vision 20-2020 the paper recommends among other measures, the need to invigorate the national tax system, reduce dependence on revenue from oil, expand the horizon of tax incentives, ensure budgetary discipline in the use of taxpayers’ money; and fight the scourge of corruption across all the tiers of government. It was, however indicated that for any appreciable success to be achieved from the adoption if these measures, there is the need to have in place a system of good government, a sound system of tax administration and a tax regime that is investment-friendly.
Keywords: Risk management; tax administration; Nigerian economy; economic development; Nigerian tax system.
THE INFLUENCE COMPETENCE ON MOTIVATION, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND JOB SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE
ABUBAKAR SADIQ; JELANI SIDI; IBRAHIM MUKHTAR; & RILWANU NAKAZALLE USMAN;
Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State.
ABSTRACT
This study aims at investigating the influence competence on motivation, organizational culture and job satisfaction on organizational performance in the context of Zamfara State Internal Revenue Service (ZIRS). Field studies survey design will be used; hence the variables under investigation will be observed under natural research setting. The sample of the study consists of all the revenue officers of the Zamfara State Internal Revenue Service. Both descriptive and inferential statistics will be employed in analyzing the data to be collected using closed-ended multiple choice questionnaires.
Keywords: Motivation, Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction and organizational Performance
AUTONOMOUS FARMING EQUIPMENT REVOLUTIONIZING AGRICULTURE EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY
ABUBAKAR MUHAMMAD.1, ABUBAKAR M. NAMADI.2, MUKHTAR D. HASSAN3
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
Abstract
The Agriculture industry is on the need of technological revolution, driven by autonomous farming equipment. This innovative technology is transforming the way farmers work, significantly enhancing efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. Autonomous farming equipment, including tractor, drones, and robots, are equip with advanced sensors, GPS, and Al algorithms, enabling precision farming, real-time monitoring, and data-driven decision-making, autonomous farming equipment offer numerous benefits, including, increase crop yield and quality, reduced labour costs and improved safety, enhanced precision and reduced waste, improved soil health and reduced environmental impact, case studies demonstrate significant improvement in efficiency and productivity, with autonomous farming equipment, increase crop yield by up to 20% and reducing labour costs by up to 30%. In conclusion, autonomous farming equipment is revolutionizing agriculture, enhancing efficiency ,productivity and sustainability as the technology continue to evolve, we can expect even more innovative applications, further transforming the agricultural industry.