THEME:  REBUILD, RECLAIM AND RE-ENERGIZING THIRD WORLD NATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITIES IN 21^ST CENTURY

DATE: 26^th – 28^th SEPTEMBER, 2024

VENUE: UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAM, CONFERENCE CENTRE, MLIMANI CAMPUS, CHUO KIKUUCHA, DAR ES SALAM, TANZANIA

ORGANIZER: HUMMINGBIRD PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

DOWNLOAD THE CONFERENCE PROCEEDING (NO. 1)

CONFERENCE ABSTRACT:

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORKS AMONG HIGHER INSTITUTIONS IN DELTA STATE

1. SUNDAY UGHWUBETINE IRIGHWEFERHE

Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State

Abstract

This study investigated a comparative analysis of educational assessment frameworks among higher institutions in Delta State, Nigeria, it consists of universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education. The design for the study is Comparative Cross-Sectional Design. The population for the research is deans of faculties and schools, heads of departments and students of the higher institutions in the state. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 20 deans, 80 heads of departments, and 600 students. The study also revealed that higher institutions in Delta State utilize summative, formative, and diagnostic assessments to evaluate student performance and how they align with national and international educational standards, it also proffers solutions to the challenges they face. The instruments used for the study are questionnaires and interview techniques. The instruments were administered to the respondent and analysis of the data revealed that higher institutions rely heavily on summative evaluation, but there is limited use of formative and diagnostic evaluations, which leads to gaps in continuous feedback and student development. The study also identified significant challenges, including inadequate funding, technological limitations, inconsistent application of continuous assessments, and a lack of staff training in modern assessment techniques. Additionally, it was noted that higher institutions have adopted Bloom’s Taxonomy, but there is little emphasis on the affective domain. The study concluded with valuable insights and provided constructive recommendations.

Keywords: Comparative analysis, educational assessment, frameworks, higher institutions, types of evaluation

ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPACT OF DISCIPLINE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ IN GANJUWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, BAUCHI STATE

*AYUBA KALURI; & **NASIRU MOHAMMED

*Biology Department, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State. **Department of Public Administration, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi

ABSTRACT

This study examines the assessment on the impact of discipline on academic achievement of secondary school students’ in Ganjuwa Local Government, Bauchi state. The purpose of the study is to ascertain how much discipline and respond to the student in the classroom, the free time to have friendly conservation with their students. The study adopted survey research design and three research questions were raised. The population of the study consists of SS II Senior Secondary School Students in Ganjuwa Local Government of Bauchi state with the total population of two thousand three hundred and fifty-seven students from the five selected schools. The sample size of one fifty students was selected through simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaire was developed and utilized by the researchers for data collection. The data analyses were done using mean scores. Findings made in the study includes that, schools should strive to create a positive and conducive learning environment where discipline is upheld and respected. The researchers recommended that, secondary schools should implement comprehensive disciplinary policies and procedures that emphasize proactive approaches to fostering positive behavior and student engagement.

Key Words: Discipline, Academic Achievement, Motivation, behavioral Management and secondary school students. 

STORAGE CONDITION (TEMPERATURE AND pH) EFFECT OF PEA POD ON WATER COAGULATION

*MUHAMMAD MUHAMMAD MAKKI; & **UMAR FARUK LAWAN

*BUPOLY Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria. **Department of Water resources and Environmental Engineering, Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil Kano.

Abstract

Natural coagulants are considered affordable and efficient substitutes to chemical coagulants for use in developing countries where raw materials such as Cicer arietinum (green pea) are readily available. Polluted water is estimated to affect about 1200 million people and contribute to the death of 15 million children in the world per year. The excessive use of chemical coagulants can affect human health in the long term; aluminum has been indicated to be a causative agent of neurologic diseases such as senile dementia. Researches confirms the high impact of Pea pod as a coagulant in water treatment, but much researches have to be done to ascertain the effects of its storage on water coagulation. Therefore, the research aims at finding effect of STORAGE CONDITION (TEMPERATURE AND pH) EFFECT OF PEA POD ON WATER COAGULATION. A suitable method was employed for the Pea pod processing. Pea pod was prepared and ground to powder. Phytochemical analysis of the Pea pod was done. 10% stock solution of the extract was prepared. Jar test for water coagulation, was carried out for High, Medium, low untreated synthetic waters, Kura surface (river) water and Zoo road well water. The process was repeated for stored Pea pod powder at varying temperature and pH values. For Pea pod stored used for treatment of the water samples; p-values range was high, signifying that the best temperature is 30⁰C for optimum pH and Optimum Turbidity removal efficiency (%).

KEYWORDS: PEA POD, COAGULATION, WATER TREATMENT, STORAGE CONDITION

GRAMMATICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF EXCEPTIONAL SENTENCES IN ARABIC (AL-ISTITHNĀ’) FOR THE MEANINGFUL INTERPRETATION OF ARABIC LITERARY WORKS

SURAKAT Rafiu Olaniyi Ph.D

Department of Arabic, School of Secondary Education, Languages, Oyo State College of Education, Lanlate, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Abstract

It is a general belief that every language has the rules that govern its effective usage. Arabic as the second most popular language widely spoken throughout the globe has its peculiar rules. The wider coverage of Arabic revolves round the religious, commercial and administrative purposes. The rules guiding the proper use of Arabic are learnt through its grammatical structures as established in Nahw (Arabic grammar). Efforts to secure perfections in the use of Arabic Language necessitate the research into the grammatical implications on the use of exceptional sentences in Arabic Language. Theoretical approaches are employed to identify the functions that the instruments of exceptional sentences perform, as deduced from the verses of the Qur’ān, the Hadith and some poetical lines as composed by some pre-islamic literary writers. The paper, therefore recommends that the methods of Al-Istithna’ must be adopted by the current Arabic speakers and literary writers to avoid unnecessary repetitions. It was also suggested that adaptation to the rules of Arabic grammar must be the watchword of the contemporary Arabic speakers to facilitate the eloquence in their speech making.

Keywords: Arabic Literary works, Exceptional Sentence, Grammatical Implication, Istithna’ and Meaningful Interpretation.

ASSESSING TEACHING SKILLS OF GRADUATES OF FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (SPECIAL), OYO IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA

*DR. KETIM QUADRI; **OYEGOKE, DEBORAH ADEPEJU (PhD); ***FAGUNWA, ADENIKE OMOWUNMI (PhD); ****UBANI-ROBERTS, FLORENCE OLUCHI (PhD); & *****ADUBUOLA, ELIZABETH OLAOLUWA

*Department of Adult and Non-Formal Education, School of Early Childhood Care, Primary, Adult and Non-Formal Education, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo. **Department of Primary Education, School of Early Childhood Care, Primary, Adult and Non-Formal Education, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo. ***Department of Adult and Non-Formal Education, School of Early Childhood Care, Primary, Adult and Non-Formal Education, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo. ****Primary Education Studies Department, School of ECPA Education, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo. *****Department of Early Childhood Care Education, School of ECPA Education, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo

Abstract

The study assessed the teaching skills of the graduates of the Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo in the South-west Geopolitical zone. The study adopted survey research design. The study answered one research question and tested two hypotheses. The population of the study consisted of all teachers in special education schools in South-West geo-political zone. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select a total sample size was 100 special education teachers. An instrument title “Teaching Skills Scale (TSS)” was developed and validated by the researchers. The reliability coefficient of TSS was found to be 0.76 using Cronbach Alpha Method. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics:  frequency counts, percentages and t-test. The study showed that the graduates of the Federal college of Education (Special), Oyo possessed high level of teaching skills, both gender possessed equal teaching skills t ₍₄₈₎ = 0.954; P >0.05; while, graduates of the Federal college of Education (Special), Oyo possessed higher teaching skills than graduates who did not graduate from the college t ₍₉₈₎ = 6.861; P <0.05.  The study concludes that the graduates of the college had higher teaching skills and thereby adequately furnished for teaching special need children. The study recommends that graduates of the Federal College of Education (Special) should be employed to teach in special schools within the country and the college should be upgraded to the University of Special Education with full autonomy.

Keywords: Special Education, Teaching, Skills

A ONE SECTOR MODEL OF ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH UNCERTAIN TECHNOLOGY: AN EXAMPLE OF STEADY STATE ANALYSIS IN A STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEM

IBRAHIM ABUBAKAR ADAMU¹; GEETA ARORA²; AMBI POLYCARP NAGWAI³; AMBI CONFIDENCE ONUOWA⁴; & BANTI KUMAR⁵

¹Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic.  School of Science and Technology, Department of Statistics, Bauchi, State Nigeria. ²Lovely Professional University Department Mathematics School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Science. ³Tara State University. Faculty of Science. Department of Mathematical Sciences. ⁴British American Business School, Abuja. ⁵College of Basic Science, Department of Physical Sciences and Languages CSK HPKV Palampur, H.P 176062, India.

Abstract

This paper considered convergence of optimum levels of consumption and investment to a steady state to the case where output or technical progress is a random variable. The objective is the maximization of the expected value of the discounted sum of utilities facing uncertain technology or technological progress and, furthermore, our analysis is conducted in discrete time. Using elementary mathematical technique we established a stochastic analogue of convergence to a steady state-the modified golden rule. The direction we took was to examine steady state or limiting behavior of the optimal control and state variables. The stochastic process (14) converges to 0 or  in probability.

Key words: Convergence, Optimal Control, Steady State, Economic Growth, Discrete Time, Stochastic Analogue.

ABUNDANCE OF SERUM BTA-miR-2285u MICRORNAs ENHANCES RUMEN HEALTH OF GOATS FED FORAGE AND HIGH-GRAIN BASED DIETS

AGBANA, J.A; FANWO, R.R.; & AINA, E.S

Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Kogi State Polytechnic, P.M.B 1101, Kogi State, Nigeria

Abstract

The knowledge on how diets influences metabolic disorders in farm animals through modification in the activity and functions of microRNAs is essential. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression, which could serve as biomarkers for several metabolic conditions. Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA), a metabolic disorder characterized by rumen inflammations as a result of low ruminal pH and the accumulation of volatile fatty acids, is linked to feeding of grains or starch-rich diets. This study evaluate the suitability of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in goat for the diagnosis of SARA, employing next generation sequencing technology for  comprehensive identification of miRNAs in plasma and leucocytes. Six bucks were fed a control diet of 100% forage and subsequently, modulated to a 70% high-grain diet.  421 and 523 miRNAs were recorded for plasma and leucocytes, respectively. Bta-miR-2285u, bta-miR-30b-3p and bta-miR-1271 were differentially expressed between diets. Thus, they were chosen as potential SARA biomarker candidates and further analyzed by RT- qPCR in more bucks. Bta-miR-30-3p, a rumen specific miRNA that can detect short term ruminal imbalances was highly expressed in plasma of goats. Hence, abundance of serum bta-miR-30-3p could serve as effective biomarker for rumen health. Further analysis on mechanism involved may be explore.           

Keywords:  Ruminal, starch-rich diets, acidity, miRNA, potential, bucks.

INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LOCALLY DEVELOPED GRAPHITE CRUCIBLE POT USING KAOLIN CLAY AND OTHER ADDITIVES

¹ UBANI AJUZIEOGU CHRISTIAN, ² I.U. ONYENANU

^1,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Abia state Polytechnic Aba,  ² Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli – Nigeria.

Abstract:

Crucibles are indispensable for high-temperature industrial processes like metal melting and holding. Nigeria relies heavily on crucible imports, raising economic and supply chain vulnerability concerns. This study aimed to develop an indigenous method for producing graphite crucibles using raw materials sourced within Nigeria. Granite, kaolin clay, borosilicate glass, and silicon carbide were characterized and formulated in varying proportions with graphite powder. Samples were fabricated via dry pressing and sintered at 1200°C. X-ray fluorescence validated the chemical compositions, while X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS confirmed the retention of graphite and homogenous dispersion of refractory oxide phases. Optimized compositions achieved hardness strength of over 4 MPa, and density of 2.48 g/cm³. Results demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing graphite crucibles locally that meet industrial standards, utilizing readily available Nigerian raw materials. With further development, this promises strategic and economic benefits by reducing crucible import reliance and costs for vital Nigerian manufacturing industries. Overall, an indigenous solution was established for critical crucible production through the application of abundant domestic mineral resources.

Key words: Kaolin clay, Graphite crucible, Crucible pot, Crucibles and clay.

FACTORS INFLUENCING PARTICIPATION OF PASTORAL NOMADIC FULANI CHILDREN IN PRIMARY EDUCATION IN GHANA

ABDULAI ABUBAKARI

Department of Sociology and Social Work, UDS, Nyankpala

Abstract

This paper seeks to throw light on the factors affecting nomadic pastoralists’ children’s education in Ghana. There has been little empirical research in Ghana on nomadic pastoralist education. This study was conducted in the Northeast region in an attempt to unpack the complex dynamics of culture, society, livelihoods, and region as barriers to nomads’ formal education. The study employed interviews, observations, and focus group discussions with students, including dropouts, parents, teachers, and Regional Education authorities, to understand the challenges confronting nomadic pastoralists’ access to education. Using the 4-A’s framework of accessibility, availability, acceptability, adaptability, and added affordability as the fifth variable. The study found that all the 5-A’s posed challenges to their access to education, in addition to cultural and religious values such as early marriage, protection of pastoral values, and poverty account for their inability to attend school.

Keywords: Nomadic pastoral Fulani, formal education, cultural values, Northeast region, Poverty.

CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY: AN EMPIRICAL REVIEW OF UNITY BANK PLC, YOLA BRANCH

¹ ADAMU AHMED GIREI, ² HAUWA ADAMU DUHU & ³UMEADI FAITH OGECHUKWU

^1,3Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, ²Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Federal Polytechnic Mubi.

ABSTRACT

Change management significantly improves productivity and reduced the time spent on manual tasks and freeing up employees to focus on higher-value activities. This study investigates the impact of change management on organizational productivity. Specifically, it examines the impact of structural change, cultural change, technological change and strategic change on organizational productivity among employees of Unity Bank PLC, Yola Branch. Explanatory survey research design and census sampling techniques were use for this study. Primary data source and questionnaire were used for the data collection. Correlation method of data analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. Result indicates that significant positive relationship exists between the study variables. Specifically, structural change, cultural change, technological change and strategic change significantly and positively correlates with organizational productivity among the staff of the bank. It was concluded that change management help in streamlining processes, improving communication and providing real-time feedback to employees. It was recommended that the bank management should provide continuous training programs to the employees for proficiency, enhance internal communication channels and fostering a culture of adaptability

Keywords: Change Management, Organizational Productivity

MAGNETIC SURVEY OF MADAGALI HILS AND ENVIRONS, NORTHESTERN NIGERIA

IBRAHIM MAJOR BUKAR; & SAIDU ALI DAWA

Department of Physics, UIECEST, Bama, Borno State.

Abstract

The study area lies within the basement terrain of NE Nigeria between longitudes 13⁰ 30¹E and 13⁰ 41¹E, and latitudes 10⁰ 47¹N and 11⁰00N. Magnetic survey was carried out in order to provide information on the geology of the area, magnetic susceptibility and structural trends of the rocks. The data were obtained along twelve (12) traverses at a station interval of 1.85 km (1¹) using geometric -856 proton precision magnetometer. Out of one hundred and sixty eight (168) stations, only one hundred and twenty one (121) stations were accessible and occupied. The field data were diurnally corrected and the international geomagnetic reference field (IGRF) computed online using 2010-2015 value. The qualitative analysis indicates that, the area consist of basics rocks, granitoids and metamorphic rocks while the quantitative analysis shows that the average depth to the magnetic source is 0.625km. The field studies and rose diagrams revealed that the dominant structural trends in the area are NE-SW, NNE-SW, NW-SE, N-S, and minor E-W. The NE-SW and N-S trends are the most dominant, and are attributed to pan African orogeny.

KEYWORDS: Survey, Structural trends, Magnetometer, geomagnetic.

EFFECT OF OIL PRICE VOLITILITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

SHAMSUDDEEN ABUBAKAR

Department of Banking and Finance, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi

Abstract

This study examined effect of oil price volatility on economic growth in Nigeria. Annual time series data for the period 2001 – 2023 was used. The study made use of Generalized Auto-Regressive analysis. The data used was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and OPEC database 2021. The variables used in the analysis are Gross Domestic product (GDP) as dependent variable, oil price, oil price fluctuation and exchange rate and interest rate was used as the independent variable. It was discovered that all the three independent variables show positive and significant effect on defendant variables. There should be need by the government to create some linkages in oil sector to diversify the economy through the proceeds from oil. Judicious investment in infrastructural development by the government to address the compounding issues is important. CBN as a matter of urgency ensure monetary policies that will aid in appreciating the rate of currency in Nigeria.

Keywords: Gross domestic product, Oil price, Oil price fluctuation, Exchange rate volatility.

INVESTIGATION ON ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF INFANTS: A CASE STUDY FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION OKENE KOGI STATE

OHIARE ALIU ADEMOH

Biology Department Federal College of Education, PMB 1026 Okene, Kogi State Nigeria

Abstract

This study was carried out to find out the effects of artificial feeding on infants in Federal College of Education Okene Local Government Area of Kogi State. Breastfeeding is an accepted method in Nigeria. It is ideal and is practical among all mothers to ensure that babies are adequately feed four hours (five times daily). For years, human milk was the only food for the young babies and breastfeeding is the greatest gift a mother can give to her new infant. This question was asked from the doctors, nurses and other health workers who we believed are more knowledgeable about children health. The result shows 83.3% respondents believed that artificial feeding of infants is one factor that affects the rise in infant mortality; while 16.7 respondents does not believe that artificial feeding of infants affects the rise in infant mortality. This may be as a result of the fact that most of the women that adopt artificial feeding do not have enough information of what type of infant formula to be use and the hygiene of most women are very poor. This leads to contamination of the food. The practice of breastfeeding has not reached the hundred percent (100%) marks has not intensive nutrition education to mothers so as to enhance awareness about the importance of breastfeeding.

Keywords: Breastfeeding, Infants, Mortality, Artificial, Milk

REFOCUSING ON THE COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL EFFECT OF COVID 19 LOCK DOWN ON THE RETIRED CITIZENS IN NIGERIA AND THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF IT BASED VIRTUAL COLLABORATIVE SKILLS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21^ST CENTURY.

I.K. OJUOPE¹; A.O. ADETUNMBI²; & O.E. OYINLOYE³

¹Department of Computer Science, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria. ²Department of Computer Science, Federal Uni. of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State. ³Department of Comp. Sci., Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented effect on the lives of individuals worldwide, irrespective of age, ethnic and social demographics. The enforcement of social interaction and lock down affects a lot of people most especially the retired elderly citizens that still have the strength to work. Most workers take their job home, engaged in online office works while the retirees remain idle; this led to their frustration and development of cognitive and mental challenges (Philip and Cherian, 2020). As a result of this, this work centered on refocusing on the Cognitive and Social Effect of COVID 19 Lock Down on the Retired Citizens and the challenges and opportunities of Information Technology (IT) Based Virtual collaborative Skills for Sustainable Development in the 21^ST Century. From the research conducted by Caroline (2020), on the impact of COVID-19 to date on older people’s mental and physical health, research express online omnibus amongst 1364 UK adults aged 60+ from 20th August to 3rd September 2020, it was discovered that 82% of people affected by dementia reporting an increase in dementia symptoms during COVID 19 lock down, including cognitive impairment, memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and agitation. Therefore, it is highly imperative to introduce them to IT Based Virtual collaborative Skills. This among other things will provide opportunity for virtual social interactions and also take care of other problems associated with lock down on these categories of people. In addition, it will also promote sustainable development. The elderly people however face special challenges as a result of social distancing and lock down put in place to curb the spread of the disease. Most of these retirees are still strong to work most especially people below age 65. Unless care is taken, these may face significant fallout with regard to their mental and psychological wellbeing (Armitage and Nellums, 2020). These retirees are prone to social isolation as a result of lock down; older people generally have only a close circle of friends and family with whom they always love to interact. Therefore, social interactions form a significant part of their lives in retirement, and this has seen drastic disruption with the introduction of social distancing and lock down. Lack of movement for social interaction can bring about bad mood and anxiety in the elderly.

Key words: Retired Citizens, Virtual Collaborative Skills, Information Technology, Sustainable Development, COVID 19 Pandemic Disease, Lock Down.

APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND SURVEYING TECHNIQUES IN ROAD NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURES MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF ABUJA PHASE 1 ROAD NETWORKS.

IBOCHI, ANDREW ABAH^1* (MNIS) & KARDAM, MOHAMMED SHEHU^2* (MNIS)

*Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria. **Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi.

Abstract

Road networks play a vital role in the socio-economic and political development of the country. It’s the asset base for all economic transactions and developments. The aim of this study is to assess the state of road networks conditions of Phase 1 road networks, Abuja. The study employ satellite image, street guide map, field observation, visual inspection, company literature, questionnaire and interview to collect both spatial and non-spatial data for this study. The data gathered were processed and analyzed in ArcGIS 10.3 application software. The spatial analysis and queries carried out revealed a total of 582, 65 and 2 road networks are in the state of good conditions, fair conditions and failed conditions respectively. Various degree of potholes and alligator cracks were the defects were observed on the fair and failed road networks in the study area. The study applauds the application of remote sensing and surveying techniques in road monitoring and maintenance. It further suggests regular survey and maintenance for effective management of the nation’s road infrastructures.

Keywords: Remote Sensing, Surveying, Road networks, Infrastructures, Management

ACHIEVING A SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND MARKET GROWTH THROUGH MARKETING STRATEGY: A CASE EXAMPLE OF A SMALL FAMILY COFFEE SHOP.

¹SADEEQ GARBA ABUBAKAR ²BELLO ADAMU DOGOJI ³ZAHRA’U BALA MALAMI ⁴SARKI  ZAKARI SHEHU ⁵MARYAM TIJJANI ABBA

^1&2Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria. ^3,4&5Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The organisation in focus is a small family coffee shop that is aiming at creating a differential advantage within its target segment by which a distinct competitive position relative to other coffee shops can be established, and from which sales and profit would flow. The coffee would want to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage through the manipulation of the elements of the marketing mix comprising the 7Ps elements. The differentiation of the product and service of the new coffee shop from that of competitors mean making the products distinctive and different from those of rivals and creating a unique selling point that in turn strengthens the brand. There would also be the implementation and monitoring of the organisation’s performance in order to take any corrective action. Since circumstance both within the organisation and in its environment are unlikely to stay constant while strategy is being pursued, it is necessary to accommodate such changes for the overall benefit of the organisation. This study focuses on strategic and marketing analysis of the new coffee shop with the aim of securing a solid take up point for the organisation. Secondly, it looked at strategic direction and strategic formulation which essentially focused at the future and the objectives to be accomplished by the organisation. This study covers some specific strategies, tactics, resource allocation, schedules of responsibilities/tasks, budget, monitoring and evaluation. Finally, it covered the control aspects such as the marketing control processes and the gap bridging skills required to achieve the marketing goals in the  organisation under focus in the most efficient and effective manner.

Key Words: Marketing strategy, Differential advantage, Distinct competition, Marketing mix, Implementation, Monitoring, Marketing control

THE INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF WORKERS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO. AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA.

¹EKPO, MBOSOWO EBONG (PHD), ²AKPAN, KUFRE EKEREKE (PHD) AND ³RAPHAEL, NYENEIME VICTOR

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua. Uyo. Akwa Ibom State.

Abstract

This research examined the effects of demographic characteristics on the real estate investment decision of the workers of the University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. In order to achieve the stated aim, the objectives were to examine the demographic characteristics of real estate investors in the University of Uyo, to ascertain the pattern of real estate investment decision among workers in the University of Uyo and to establish a relationship between the demographic characteristics and real estate investment decision of the University of Uyo workers. The research work adopted the cross-sectional survey type of design. The researchers adopted a sample size of 400, using the non-probability convenience sampling technique. The research also employed both descriptive and inferential statistics in the analysis of data. The study found out that 7.50% of the respondents carried out only development of a new real estate. 7.2% participated in the development as well as sales of a real estate during their working period. 44.30% of the respondents participated in the acquisition, sales and development of properties. 18.50% participated in the sales, development, acquisition and conservation of real estate, while 22.50% of the respondents participated in the sales, development, acquisition, conservation and exploitation of real estate. Findings also showed that there was a significant relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable with a p-value less than 0.05. The research concluded that age, marital status, job classification, personal income and educational qualifications are demographic factors that have an influence on the investment decision among the University of Uyo workers.

Keywords: Demographic characteristics, real estate, investment decision, workers, Uyo

YOUTHS AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW

*ABUBAKAR SADIQ SALLAU; & **MUHAMMAD ABDULLAHI

*Department of Public Administration, College of Education and Legal Studies, Nguru-Nigeria. **Department of Public Administration, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri-Nigeria

Abstract

Democracy provides opportunity for inclusive participation of everyone regardless of sex, gender, creed, section, belief or age-group in political processes of countries. The participation of the youth in politics is an issue that has been widely discussed and continuous to attract the attention of writers especially as the population determines the major workforce and pillars of growth and development. The paper examines youths place in consolidating democracy in Nigeria. The paper is a conceptual overview of how youths can be included in sustaining democratic consolidation. It revealed that youth involvement in democratic processes is necessary, timely and highly encouraged. The process whereby youths get involved in decision-making and influence the process of power sharing and distribution is significant and must be given due consideration. The fact that youth population represents the majority population in the country means it cannot be neglected in political and governance processes. The youths represent the future of democracies as the forthcoming generation of policy makers, therefore, should be recognized as powerful and active agents of change in democratic systems. It therefore concludes that key aspects of inclusive, representative, and sustainable democratic societies include youth empowerment and participation in leadership and decision-making processes at the regional, national and international level.

Keywords: Youths, Democracy, Participation, Politics, Democratic Consolidation

CHALLENGES OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN 21^ST CENTURY: A CASE ON AFRICA

TIMOTHY ONIMISI, PhD.

Department of Political Science, Federal University Lokoja, P.M.B 1154, Lokoja Kogi State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The paper examines the challenges of community development in the 21^st century with a focus on Africa. The lofty goals embedded in community development is being hindered by ravaging poverty and illiteracy, lack of information, economic challenges, social inclusion as well as some cultural factors in the country. Relying on qualitative methods of analysis and second sources of data collection this paper shows that measures such as learning about the community, listening to community members, access to information and issues, developing an action plan and implementing an action plan as well as evaluate results of actions can ensure effective community development in the country. The paper, therefore, concludes that for rapid community development should be considered as crucial to national development. Hence it is necessary to encourage community initiatives for self-determination and development because the federal and the state government cannot adequately provide enough for community needs.

Keywords: Africa; Community, Development, Poverty, Challenges.

LEVERAGING EDUPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN 21ST CENTURY NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

USMAN ABBA IDRIS, Ph.D

Department of Adult Education and Community Services, Faculty of Education, Bayero University, Kano

Abstract

In Nigeria, the intersection of education and entrepreneurship, known as edupreneurship, presents a promising avenue for fostering sustainable community development. Nigeria faces multifaceted challenges including limited access to quality education, high unemployment rates, and inadequate infrastructure. These issues hinder socio-economic progress and perpetuate cycles of poverty. However, amidst these challenges lie opportunities for transformative change through edupreneurship. Edupreneurship, characterized by innovative educational initiatives that prioritize practical skills development and entrepreneurial mindset cultivation, holds immense potential for addressing Nigeria’s development needs. By empowering individuals with relevant competencies and fostering an entrepreneurial spirit, edupreneurship not only enhances employability but also cultivates a culture of self-reliance and innovation. Nevertheless, several obstacles impede the widespread adoption of edupreneurship in Nigeria. These include bureaucratic hurdles, funding constraints, and the mismatch between formal education curricula and market demands. Overcoming these challenges requires concerted efforts from government, educational institutions, private sector stakeholders, and civil society organizations. Addressing the challenges of edupreneurship necessitates a multifaceted approach. Policymakers must enact supportive regulations, streamline bureaucratic processes, and allocate adequate resources to promote edupreneurial ventures. Educational institutions should revise curricula to integrate practical skills training and entrepreneurship education, fostering an ecosystem conducive to edupreneurial endeavors. Fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and government can facilitate knowledge exchange, resource sharing, and the co-creation of innovative solutions. Initiatives such as incubators, accelerators, and mentorship programs play a pivotal role in nurturing edupreneurial talent and catalyzing sustainable community development. However, while challenges abound, the opportunities presented by edupreneurship in 21st century Nigeria are profound. By harnessing the potential of edupreneurship, Nigeria can foster inclusive growth, alleviate poverty, and build resilient communities empowered to thrive in the dynamic global landscape. This paper therefore examine how edupreneurial initiatives can address educational gaps, promote economic empowerment, and foster sustainable development within Nigerian communities.

Keywords:  Edupreneurship, Sustainable Community Development, Challenges, Opportunities

CAREER CHOICE DETERMINANTS OF ACCOUNTING OPTION AMONG BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENT’S IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA

ALI, SAMAILA

Department of Vocational Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education SVTE, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic Bauchi Atap, Bauchi, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The study examined Career Choice Determinants of Accounting Option Among Business Education Student’s in Colleges of Education in North-Eastern Nigeria. The research has two specific objectives, two research questions that were meant to guide the study and two null hypotheses formulated and were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design that is purely quantitative, using an adapted questionnaire that was administered to 131 randomly selected NCE III Students in Colleges of Education in North East Nigeria. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation as well as the use of while Linear Logistic Regression in testing the hypotheses. The results indicated that family background and peer group have a significant positive influence on students’ choice of accounting option among business education students in the colleges of education in the North-Eastern Nigeria. By implication, a dramatic decline in both the number and the quality of students who are choosing accounting as a Career choice will improve positively. The study further recommended that, for students to make the right career choice, the family (parents) and peer group should be encouraged not to interfere on students’ career choice and likely be forced to go to a wrong choice.

Keywords: Career Choice, Family Background, Peer group, Business Education and Accounting.

ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIESEL BLENDS FROMWASTE AFRICAN PEAR SEED (DACRYODES EDULIS) OIL USING LITHIUM-ION SUPPORTED–CALCINED SNAIL SHELLS AS CATALYTS

AMAECHI, U. G., ¹ NWACHUKWU, E. I., ²

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba. ²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba

ABSTRACT

This study considered the engine performance test and characterization of biodiesel blends using lithium-ion supported-calcined snail shells for biodiesel production developed from waste African pear oil. Development towards the production of alternative fuels to power automobiles, energy generation and process engines necessitated this research which specifically applied modified snail shells as catalysts to produce the biodiesel. The transesterification performed by reacting methanol and oil gave a total oil yield of 56.31%. The characterization revealed the bio-oil possessed basic characteristic properties of vegetable oil useful for good conversion to methyl ester. The physicochemical investigation of the optimal biodiesel yield and blends showed that the investigated properties were within the ASTM-D6751 specified standard ranges. The biodiesel blends was characterized to determine its suitability for use in diesel engines. From the characterization results, the specific gravity of the optimal B100 biodiesel was 0.873, while the petro-diesel counterpart (D100) had 0.8469. This lesser fuel specific gravity or density (kg/L) of the D100 justified its use for blending of the biodiesel produced to enhance the combustion properties. The specific gravity of the B100 obtained was within the ASTM (D-6751) density range of 0.860-0.894 standards stipulated for biodiesel and blends. The flash and fire points of the biodiesel were within acceptable range withAPI gravities higher than 10 indicating the fuels as a good candidates for energy production.B100 had the highest energy value of 43.129KJ/kg than the blends, while the D100 had the least share of 42.667KJ/kg. The engine performance test conducted gave good results for mechanical efficiencies and brake specific fuel consumptions of the fuel samples at the maximum load of 25N. However, the D100 and the B100 blends performed better than the B100, but the optimal yield of B100 specimen from the investigations was found to be combustible in the diesel engine. Overall, the study demonstrated high biodiesel production yield from the locally developed waste African pear oil using the calcined, and lithium-ion-supported-calcined snail shells.

Keywords: Biodiesel, pear oil, characterization, blends, engine performance.

ASSESSING PROBLEMS OF HERDSMEN AND FARMERS CONFLICT IN THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION OF NIGERIA AS A CHALLENGE FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

IBRAHIM ISMAILA MOSIMABALE

Department of Social Studies, Federal College of Education, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria

Abstract

This paper assessed the problems of herdsmen and farmers conflict in the North Central Region of Nigeria for national development. This debacle that existed since emergence of Nigeria as a nation has escalated beyond the group of successive governments and administration particularly with the emergence of democracy of Nigeria. The crises have been attributed to climate and desertification of Nigeria. Insecurities and resistance among ethnic, religious crises among others have implication for economic and political development. The paper traced government efforts and the implications such as food shortage, insecurity, gap in human relations causing major threat to unity and peaceful co-existence. The paper recommends improvement on nomadic education commission, providing community policing, traditional roles/stakeholders mediation and suggests a national conference and provision of non-open grazing options.

NIGERIA DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF POWER LOSSES AND VOLTAGE PROFILE MODELING WITH FUZZY CONTROLLER IN THE 21^st CENTURY

¹ORJI O. U, ²OGBONNAYA I.J, ³MADUEME T.C

^1,2 Department of Electrical Engineering Abia State Polytechnic, Aba. ³Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Abstract

Nigeria Electric Utilities face a lot of challenges in the power supply due to the existing poor generation of the operations system. The available power is characterized with technical and non-technical losses. These losses have serious effect in Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) on the quality of power delivered to customers and on the expected revenue target. No matter how the electricity power is generated, losses are unavoidable and must be modeled before accurate supply schedules by system operators can be made. This paper deals with analysis of total power losses in EEDC energy network. A systematic methodology has been used for improving bus voltage deviation and minimizing real power losses, and EEDC network was used as a case study subject to some constraints. An algorithm that solves the problem of inefficiencies of power associated with EEDC network has been developed. The performance of the system has greatly been improved with the use of the fuzzy logic control approached and Newton Raphson method which shows a reduction of total power losses of 10% and 7.9% respectively. Result shows that the efficiency of the EEDC network is 91%

Keyword: Power losses, fuzzy logic, Distribution, Efficiency, Voltage Control, Technical losses.

ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN IKEJA LGA OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

UDOCHI, IJEOMA CHIMEZIE

Department of Civil Engineering, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba

ABSTRACT

Using the water quality index (WQI) technique, this study endeavor aimed to assess the quality of selected groundwater samples from the Ikeja LGA of Lagos State, Nigeria. In order to determine their physiochemical characteristics, fifteen (15) hand dug wells water samples have been analysed. In establishing a water quality index, account shall be taken of the factors listed below: pH, hardness, total liquid solids, calcium, fluoride, iron, potassium, sulphate, nitrates and carbonates. Physical and chemical contamination was clearly demonstrated by the high levels of nitrite and pH that were found. Water samples with low pH values of 2.48 to 6.49, below the WHO-recommended range of 6.5 to 8.5, were found. Similarly, significant nitrite concentrations between 3.08 mg/L and 5.70 mg/L were found, above the 3.0 mg/L WHO tolerable limits once again. Inorganic fertilizer awareness and sensitization campaigns, public health education by community-based health workers, and enhanced and/or continued combined environmental measures are anticipated to have a positive impact on groundwater integrity. In order to provide everyone in the area with safe drinking water, the researchers advise that the government build more water filtration plants. They also advise that sewer drains be placed away from water supply drains to prevent waste water from leaching into the ground water and that regular ground water quality monitoring be implemented everywhere.

Keyword: Groundwater, Water Quality Index, Portability, Physico-chemical, Parameters.

ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN IKEJA LGA OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

UDOCHI IJEOMA CHIMEZIE

Department of Civil Engineering, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba

Abstract

Using the water quality index (WQI) technique, this study endeavor aimed to assess the quality of selected groundwater samples from the Ikeja LGA of Lagos State, Nigeria. In order to determine their physiochemical characteristics, fifteen (15) hand dug wells water samples have been analysed. In establishing a water quality index, account shall be taken of the factors listed below: pH, hardness, total liquid solids, calcium, fluoride, iron, potassium, sulphate, nitrates and carbonates. Physical and chemical contamination was clearly demonstrated by the high levels of nitrite and pH that were found. Water samples with low pH values of 2.48 to 6.49, below the WHO-recommended range of 6.5 to 8.5, were found. Similarly, significant nitrite concentrations between 3.08 mg/L and 5.70 mg/L were found, above the 3.0 mg/L WHO tolerable limits once again. Inorganic fertilizer awareness and sensitization campaigns, public health education by community-based health workers, and enhanced and/or continued combined environmental measures are anticipated to have a positive impact on groundwater integrity. In order to provide everyone in the area with safe drinking water, the researchers advise that the government build more water filtration plants. They also advise that sewer drains be placed away from water supply drains to prevent waste water from leaching into the ground water and that regular ground water quality monitoring be implemented everywhere.

Keyword: Groundwater, Water Quality Index, Portability, Physico-chemical, Parameters.

COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS OF A FUELED POWER GENERATOR AND FUEL-LESS POWER GENERATOR IN NIGERIA IN THE 21^st CENTURY

¹ORJI O. U, ²OGBONNAYA I.J, ³MADUEME T.C

^1,2 Department of Electrical Engineering Abia State Polytechnic, Aba. ³Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Abstract:

Reducing cost of production by any establishment increases profit made. Hence, the cheapest means of generating power should always be employed. Two of the major means of power generation for small and medium scale establishment (order than power from utility) are the fueled and fuel-less Generators. Models are developed in this paper to compare a fueled power (250kVA Perkins) generator and an equivalent fuel-less power generator. The both were to feed the same load for equal operating time. A total operating cost of ₦250.374M and ₦200.242M was recorded for the fueled and fuel-less generators respectively for the 15 years lifetime operation of both power generation systems. This gives a savings of ₦50.132M for the 15 years showing that the fuel-less generator is better in terms of cost than the fueled generator. The comparative cost analysis of the two power plants shall be done on an annual total effective cost basis and the result multiplied by the expected life span of the plants. However, for plants with unequal efficiency and fuel combustion rate all through its useful life time, a life time analysis will be done. For the fuel-less generator, the input energy is the electrical energy used in charging the battery. If after charging the battery for a period of hours, it can run the alternator for the period under analysis daily.

Key words: Power, Generator, Efficiency, Fuel, Fuel-less

POVERTY AS ENABLER TO INSECURITY AND AN IMPEDIMENT TO NIGERIA’S NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

MOHAMMED MUSTAPHA, PhD.

Department of Political Science, Federal College of Education, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria.

Abstract

This paper examines the level of poverty bedeviling the Nigerian state and how it has served as an enabler to the worsening security situation and impeded socioeconomic development in the country. The paper adopts content analysis to investigate the nexus between the menace of poverty confronting Nigeria and the security challenges. The paper is anchored on John Dollard’s frustration aggression theory. The central notion of the theory is that “frustration produce instigation to aggression.” It is argued that poverty breeds insecurity. This paper analyses how poverty propel insecurity in Nigeria. The paper also posits that beyond deploying technology and military solution, massive unemployment, aided by high illiteracy rate, inequality and high-level poverty may continue to provide pool of recruits for criminal gangs, frustrating all efforts to curb criminality. The finding revealed that the causes of insecurity are the menace of unemployment and poverty, elite exploitation of ethnicity and religious differences, corruption, weak security apparatus, porous border, marginalization and inequality in the country, and bad governance. The paper recommends that fighting corruption and winning the war will bring about an egalitarian nation, where fairness, social justice and equal opportunities for all will reign supreme, where rights of the citizens will not be perceived as privileges for some and right for others.

Key words: Aggression, frustration, insecurity, poverty, unemployment.

POLITICAL BREADCRUMBING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

IBUKUNOLUWA BOSE OLOJEDE, PhD; & JOSEPH OKO ODEY

Department of Public Administration, Lagos State University

Orcid Number: 0000-0002-7667-4015

Abstract

Sustainable development goals requires constructive regeneration of political and attitudinal transformation. However, political bread crumbing has contributed in state failure and prevented the masses from enjoying the dividends of sustainable development unfortunately, political bread crumbing does not come without its consequences particularly for sustainable development. It is a breeding ground for corruption andmaladministration and keeps the people desensitized to pervasive underdevelopment.Thus, owing to the destructive capacity of political breadcrumbing particularly for sustainable development in Nigeria,the objective of this paper is to examine the causes of political bread crumbing .Qualitative technique was adopted and the findings from this paper reveals that political bread crumbing destroys the prospects of any nation to meet up with achieving the entire goals of sustainable development and this is so because the electoral process is often manipulated to the detriment of the voters who more often than not are already carried away by crumbs and so these manipulated elections often produce leaders who are not only disconnected from the yearnings and developmental goals of the nation, but are totally irresponsible to the public. It therefore concludes and recommends that, since political bread crumbing has become an obvious threat to the survival of sustainable development goals, it is important that legal frameworks should be established wherein the local governments in collaboration with traditional institutions and NGOs should be made to conduct monthly and annual seminars on political education and citizen enlightenment in ways that enhance sustainable development.

Keywords: Failed State; Political Bread Crumbing; Political Deception; Politricking; Sustainable Development.