THEME: INNOVATIVE RESEARCH FOR A RESILIENT FUTURE: CROSS-DISCIPLINARY APPRAOCHES TO SUB-SHARA AFRICA CHALLENGES
DATE: 29th – 31st JULY, 2024
VENUE: UNIVERSITY OF JOS, JOS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
ORGANIZER: HUMMINGBIRD PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACT:
EFFECTS OF DIALOGIC DISCOURSE ON SENIOR SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
1BAKARE, ABIOLA. B. PH.D.; 2AMAO, DAVID. O. PH.D.; 3DAMBATTA, BALA U. PH.D.; & 1PROF. SALMAN, M. F.
1Department of science Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin. 2Department of Mathematics, Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin. 3Saadatu Rimi College of Education, Kumbotso, Kano.
Abstract
Further Mathematics is very important to everyday life especially in a society that is technologically increasing. It is being studied by learners who intend to study mathematics related courses at the tertiary level of education. Senior school students’ performance in Calculus has not been encouraging and has been a matter of concern to researchers. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of dialogic discourse on senior school students’ performance in differential calculus. Specifically, the study investigated the: (i) effects of the dialogic and teacher-presentation discourses on students’ performance in calculus; (ii) influence of gender on the performance of students when taught calculus using dialogic and teacher-presentation discourses; (iii) influence of score levels on the performance of students when taught calculus using dialogic and teacher-presentation discourses. This study adopted the pre-test post-test non-randomized and non-equivalent control group design of the quasi-experimental research design. The pre-test post-test of 2x2x3 was used with experimental levels, that is, discourse patterns, occurring at 2 levels (dialogic and teacher-presentation discourses), gender at 2 levels (male and female) and the students’ score levels also at 3 levels (high, medium, and low scoring students). One hundred and six (106) senior secondary school students that were selected from two purposively sampled schools participated in the study. The validated research instrument, Further Mathematics Performance Test on Differential Calculus (FMPT-DC) was used for the study. Findings from the study revealed that there is: (i) a significant difference in the performance of students taught dialogic discourse and those taught teacher-presentation discourse (ii) no significant difference in the performance of male and female students when taught calculus using dialogic and teacher-presentation discourses, (iii) there is significant difference in the performance of high, medium and low scorers when taught using dialogic discourse. The study concluded that students that were taught calculus using dialogic performed better than those taught using teacher-presentation discourse. The study then recommended that teachers of Further Mathematics should adopt the use of dialogic discourse in teaching calculus and all other concepts in Further Mathematics. Also, teachers should make sure that the medium and low scorers are actively involved by making them group leaders whenever they want to use the dialogic discourse pattern.
Keywords: Discourse, Dialogic Discourse, Teacher-presentation Discourse, Differential Calculus
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON THE EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING OF INDIVIDUALS WITH HIV/AIDS-RELATED CANCER AT JOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, NIGERIA
*SAMUEL-ALEWA M. FELICIA; *GRACE O. MOMOH; *YAKUBU A. MALLUM; **MISAUNO M. AYEDIMA; & *AUGUSTINA I. ANAKWE
*Department of Educational Foundations, University of Jos. **Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in enhancing the emotional well-being of individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS-related cancer at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Psychosocial well-being, encompassing self-acceptance, purpose in life, and healthy relationships, was assessed using Ryff’s Psychosocial Wellbeing Scales. A true experimental design involved 140 participants randomly assigned to experimental (CBT) and control groups. Pre-test and post-test comparisons revealed significant improvements in self-acceptance, purpose in life, and healthy relationships among the CBT group compared to controls. Findings underscore CBT’s potential as a beneficial intervention for addressing psychosocial challenges in patients with dual diagnoses of HIV/AIDS and cancer, advocating for its integration into comprehensive healthcare strategies.
Keywords: Emotional well-being, Behavioral Therapy, Healthcare, HIV/AIDS, Cancer.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE FINANCING MODELS ON MEDIUM- SCALE HOSPITALITY VENTURES IN ADAMAWA STATE
JIDDA CHARITY
Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of alternative financing models on medium-scale hospitality ventures in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Traditional financing methods often present challenges such as stringent collateral requirements, high interest rates and charges and bureaucratic procedures, hindering growth and development of profit organizations. This research explores alternative financing options, such as crowd funding, peer-to-peer lending, revenue – based financing and venture capitalism, examining their potential to address these limitations. One hundred participants comprising managers and owners drawn from hotels and other hospitality firms across Yola metropolis took part in the survey. Data analysis revealed that most businesses are not very aware of alternative finances though they sometimes access crowd funding. They mostly depend on bank loans to finance startups, renovations and expansions. It is recommended that enlightenment through symposia and training to intimate hospitality operators about the benefits of alternative financing could make them grow their businesses. Government could as well implement regulatory frameworks that protect both lenders and borrowers for investments in alternative financing platforms.
KEYWORDS: Alternative Financing, Medium-Scale Hospitality, Crowdfunding, Peerto-Peer Lending
BUSINESS EDUCATION PROGRAMME: A SYNERGY NEEDED FOR REDUCTION OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN PUBLIC COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN KWARA STATE.
ABDULRAHEEM, ISMAIL KUNMI
Department of Business Education, Faculty of Education, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin
Abstract
This study investigated Business Education programme: A synergy needed for reduction of unemployment in public colleges of education in Kwara State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 265 respondents from the three colleges of education in Kwara State. A structured questionnaire containing 21 items was used to elicit responses from the respondents and generated data for the study. The instrument which was face-validated by three experts from the Department of Business Education, Faculty of Education, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin was used to collect data from the respondents. The study made use of Kuder-Richards formula (K-R 21) to determine the reliability of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained. The data collected for the study were analyzed using mean to answer the research questions raised and standard deviation to determine the closeness or otherwise of the responses from the mean. Findings from the analysis revealed that Business Educations students needed knowledge and skills in accounting, marketing and office technology management for reduction of unemployment. It was recommended amongst others that Students of Business Education who are currently in school should be given adequate information about the benefits of attaching a vocation to their course of study for reduction of unemployment.
Key Words: Business Education, Colleges of Education, Unemployment
SELF-REGULATION AS A CORRELATE OF STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN KWARA STATE COLLEGES OF EDUCATION
ABDULKADIR TUNDE AREMU
Department of Early Childhood and Primary Education, Faculty of Education, Kwara State University, Malete.
Abstract
This study investigated self-regulation as a correlate of students’ academic performance in Kwara State colleges of education. The study adopted correlational research design. The population for the study comprised all N.C.E II students in Kwara state colleges of education. Research advisor (2006) table was used to determine the total number of 291 N.C.E II students in Kwara state colleges of education. Two instruments were used for the study “Students’ Self-Regulation Rating Scale” (SSRS) and Students’ Academic Performance was used to determined students’ academic performance using students’ results in General Studies (GNS) and instrument were subjected to validity by the experts in department of early childhood and primary education Kwara state university, Malete and a test-re-test reliability procedure was used to determine the reliability index of NAS (r=0.96). One research question was answered using descriptive of percentage and mean and two research hypotheses were formulated using PPMC to test hypothesis one and t-test to test hypotheses two at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that self-regulation had a significant relationship with students’ academic performance (r= .161; p<0.05). However, gender (t = 6.453; p > 0.05) did not have significant difference in students’ self-regulation based on students’ gender in Kwara state public colleges of education. The study concluded that students’ self-regulation determined academic performance. Also, gender had no influence on students’ academic performance. It was recommended that Governments at all tiers and curriculum planers should incorporate self-regulation course into the school curriculum in order to integrate students’ self-regulation skills and encourage the students in goal setting which will develop the students to have self-regulation skills. The teachers can also help in considering gender differences and needs of the students which will tailor their approach to support students’ self-regulation and their academic accomplishment.
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Keywords: Self-Regulation, Students’ Academic Performance.
IMPACT OF HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION STRATEGIES ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF INTERCONTINENTAL BANK AND ACCESS BANK PLC.
GBADEBO, ADEGBOLABO OLUWAGBEMIRO; & AKANO, MICHAEL ADEOLU
Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Generally, integration strategies, encompassing a range of approaches aimed at aligning organizational functions, processes, and resources, have emerged as crucial drivers of organizational success. This abstract delves into the theoretical foundations of horizontal integration strategies and their implications for organizational effectiveness and performance improvement. Through an extensive review of literature and empirical evidence, this paper examines the relationship between horizontal (mergers and acquisition) integration strategy and financial performance. The study used bank’s profitability indices – profit after tax (PAT), shareholders’ fund (SHF) and total assets (TOA) data of a period spanning 2005 to 2019 for Intercontinental Bank Plc and Access Bank Plc to investigate the effect of merger and acquisition on the growth and profitability of Access Bank Plc. Between 2005 and 2019, Access Bank Plc, acquired Intercontinental Bank Plc. The performance indices of the studied Banks before and after acquisition and merger, were extracted from the Banks’ Annual Reports, subjected to statistical analysis for paired mean comparison, trend analysis (regression) and coefficient of determination using Microsoft Excel Statistics Toolkit. The study also established the growth pattern and significant differences in banks’ performances before and after the acquisition. The findings revealed that Access Bank Plc had a double benefit from the acquisition of Intercontinental Bank Plc. Mean PAT, SHF and TOA were N11.90b, N128.50b and N644.50b, respectively before acquisition of Intercontinental Bank Plc, whereas they were N50.60b, N325.02b and N2242.23b, after the acquisition. Consequently, Access Bank Plc became bigger with more branches, Automated Teller Machines and customers. Besides, it transformed from its traditional wholesale banking institution to a balance financial service provider.
Keywords: Horizontal integration, mergers and Acquisition, Shareholders’ Funds, Consolidation
POTENTIAL OF CEMENT STABILIZED RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT– LATERITIC SOIL COMPOSITE FOR USE AS PLINTH MATERIAL
IBRAHEEM, D. B.; ALHASSAN, M.; M. M. ALHAJI; & ABBAS B. A.
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna
ABSTRACT
This research work investigated the potential utilization of cement-stabilized reclaimed asphalt pavement – lateritic soil mixture for construction of plinth to damp proof course level in duplex buildings. Accordingly, lateritic soil was replaced with reclaimed asphalt pavement at proportion of 0:100%, 10:90%, 20:80%, to 100:0% and each mix was stabilized with 2% of cement. Index properties test were conducted on the lateritic soil and the reclaimed asphalt pavement while modified Proctor compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test and Moisture movement within compacted specimens test were carried out on all the mixed proportions. The maximum dry density was observed to increase from 1.776g/cm3 at 0% reclaimed asphalt pavement replacement to maximum of 2.077g/cm3 at 60% reclaimed asphalt pavement replacement before reducing to 2.052g/cm3 at 100% replacement , while the optimum moisture content reduced from 19.33% at 0% reclaimed asphalt pavement replacement to 8.8% at 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement replacement. The CBR values increased from 25% at 0% RAP replacement level to 142% at 70% RAP replacement after which the values dropped to 89% at 100 RAP replacement. The UCS values increased from 800kN/m2 at 0% RAP replacement up to optimum value of 1516kN/m2 at 80% RAP replacement after which the values decreased to 580kN/m2 at 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement replacement. The moisture movement values showed lowest values of between 0.44 and 0.43% at 60 and 80% reclaimed asphalt pavement replacement respectively after 28 days curing. It was therefore concluded that only the mixtures with 50% and 60% RAP replacement satisfy the strength and moisture movement criteria to be used as Plinth in duplex buildings.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Plinth, Lateritic-Soil, Cement.
GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF BATHYMETRIC CHANGES OF ELEYELE DAM, IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
IDOWU, O. T, BADEJO, O. T. and AKINOLA, A. O.
Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, School of Postgraduate Studies, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the bathymetry changes in Eleyele Dam, Ibadan, Oyo state using geospatial approach with the purpose of assessing the topographic patterns and changes in the depth of part of Eleyele Dam to mitigate its flood reoccurrence using time series bathymetric data covering a period of three (3) years at the following epochs: 2021 to 2023. The research utilized a methodological framework that comprises the acquisition of bathymetric data for the years 2021 and 2022 from previous bathymetric survey operations conducted in a portion of the dam by the Oyo State ministry of water resources and management. The bathymetric survey for 2023 was acquired through field observations in the dam, utilizing an echo-sounder SDE 28 together with its additional accessories. Pre-processing of the data was carried out by coordinating system harmonization and data translation procedures. Hypack and ArcGIS 10.7.1 application software were used for data processing and map production and query analysis from the extracted depth for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023 bathymetry data. A one-way ANOVA test was used to assess the hypotheses using the IBM SPSS 20 software. For statistical spatial data analysis, and image analysis, kriging interpolation method was used. The lowest and maximum depths from 2021, 2022, and 2023 were found to be 1.78m, 0.71m, 0.69m and 10.39m, 10.50m, and 9.99m respectively. These results demonstrated notable variations in the bottom slope and the volume of materials deposited and dredged at the dam. This demonstrated a decline in depth and an increase in slope, consistent with the annual geometric decline in depth. The results of the hypothesis test carried out showed that, there was evidence to reject the null hypothesis Ho that; there is no significant difference in the bathymetric changes within the study periods. This implies that both anthropogenic influences, such as changes in land use, human activities, and natural processes, such as sedimentation and erosion, may be responsible for the topography changes seen in the study area. From the predictive model generated, the result revealed observed depth in 2021 as a significant predictor of the observed depth in 2023 as it predicts the behaviour of the dam in 2023. It can be concluded that, bathymetric changes occurred within the study periods and these changes is as a result of anthropogenic influence from human activities, sedimentation and erosion experienced in the study.
ROLE OF PROMOTIONAL TOOLS IN ATTRACTING TOURISTS TO NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
1SANUSI ABUBAKAR SADIQ, 2ELDAH EPHRAIM BUBA, 3 DONATUS EVEREST AKALAZU (PHD)
1,3 Department of Tourism Management Technology, the Federal polytechnic Bauchi, Nigeria. 2Department of Tourism Management Technology, the Federal polytechnic Kaltugo, Nigeria
Abstract
Presently, some destinations are declining because of low patronage owing to potential tourists’ impression on destinations, which is based on information obtained from their immediate environment, the media and personal feelings towards the place. North-East region of Nigeria possesses rich tourism and potential attractions appealing to both domestic and international tourists. Poor packaging and promotion of its tourism is greatly contributing to low patronage. This study assessed the role of promotional tools in attracting potential tourists to the North-Eastern as a tourism destination by assessing the views of those who have not visited the region. Mixed method was employed using 242 respondents purposely selected from five geographical regions of Nigeria to gather data via questionnaire. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) using descriptive statistics to assess tourists’ concern about the destination. Regression was adopted to assess the influence of respondents’ perception on organic image, promotional tools and authenticity of the attractions at the destination. Coefficients assess the combined results of variables; to assess respondents’ perception based on nationality T-Test was used. Findings revealed that potential tourists rely heavily on noncommercial sources of information when choosing a tourism destination for holiday or activities. All factors involving organic image, tourists’ concern, marketing practices and authenticity of tourism attractions have significant influence on potential tourists’ perceptions and satisfaction towards the North-Eastern region as a tourism destination. There is significant difference between international potential tourists’ perceptions than their domestic counterpart towards the region as a tourism destination with international potential tourists having higher perceptions, seeing new things, exploring natural habitat and visit to wildlife destination area are factors that received highest rate of perception, while the least component is visiting the insurgency region. These have significant influence on potential tourists who wish to acquire unique experience. This study serves as a stage for common understanding of potential tourist’s concern and possible intention to visit North-Eastern region for tourism. It is appropriate, as it pursues to explore the views of potential tourists about the promotional tools used in the region to attract tourists based on its tourism resources and the perceptions towards it. In recommendation, the destination areas in the North-East should provide reliable information on its tourism resources to potential tourism consumers through appropriate promotional tools and media to attract the potential tourists, to boost patronage and offer unique experience in the region.
Keywords: Destination, Potential Tourists, North-East, attraction, tourism consumers
STRIKE ACTION AND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SYSTEM IN NIGERIA: THE CAUSES AND REMEDY
LAWAL MOSHOD KAYODE
Department of Public Administration, the Oke-ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Oyo State.
ABSTRACT
The paper examines the Strike action and University education system in Nigeria. Secondary data will be used. Data will be sourced from print and online publications. The paper conceptualizes strike, Public University, Academic staff and causes of strike actions in the Nigeria public university. The paper identifies the positive and negative impacts of strike action on the staff as well as students’ academic calendar in the university education system in Nigeria. The paper reveals that aside from academic staff union if the student demands are not taken into consideration by the university management. The university activities can also be disrupted by the students union. Therefore, the paper suggests that Government should recognize the students union as a part of stakeholder in decision making.
Keywords: Strike action, University education, Students, Government, Nigeria.
MANAGING WORK LIFE BALANCE IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: AN EMPIRICAL REVIEW
BALE, ESTHER ZWALNAN; & AFINIKI EMMANUEL DAPAS
Department of Home and Rural Economics, Plateau State College of Agriculture, Garkawa
Abstract
The hospitality industry is characterized by demanding and irregular work schedules, leading to significant work-life balance challenges and increased workplace stress. Work-life balance, essential for employee well-being and job satisfaction, is often disrupted in this sector due to long hours, shift work, and high-pressure environments. This article addresses the pressing need to enhance work-life balance in hospitality, focusing on the impact of these factors on employee stress, burnout, and job satisfaction. The study investigates contributing factors, current practices, and proposes strategies for improvement. It examines the effects of job demands and workplace culture on employees’ ability to maintain a healthy balance. In addition, the effectiveness of flexible work arrangements and employee assistance programs is assessed. Recommendations include implementing flexible scheduling, providing stress management resources, fostering supportive organizational culture, and promoting work-life integration. This study aims to improve work-life balance in the hospitality industry, enhancing employee well-being, job satisfaction, and overall organizational performance.
Keywords: Hospitality industry, Work-life balance, Employee well-being, Job satisfaction, Stress management
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SCHOOL CHILDREN IN IGABI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
ABDULKADIR, Y1, MARYAM, A.K.,2AND AMINA, A.K.3
1Department of Science Laborotory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State. 2Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna state. 3Department of Social Development, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna state
ABSTRACT
Child malnutrition is a major public health and development concern in most of the poor communities leading to high morbidity and mortality. Various studies have highlighted the factors involved. The present study focuses on socioeconomic factors that affect nutritional status in school children in Igabi local government area of Kaduna state. The study was conducted in five selected primary school within three districts Of rigasa, Rigachikun and Sabon Birni. Structured Questionnaire was administered to 100 pupils between the ages of 7-12 years and who are currently in primary 4-6 using simple random sampling, anthropometric measurement was used in determining BMI of the pupils. Nutritional status of stunting underweight, wasting are influenced by parents socioeconomic status., fathers income distribution indicated that only 26% of the population earn 50,000 naira as income per month which is grossly inadequate. Low literacy rate, (%) large families, (%) food insecurity, (%) food safety (%) appears to be the important underlying factors responsible for poor health status of children from low socioeconomic class. It requires economic, political and social changes as well as changes for personal advancement mainly through educational opportunities to improve the nutritional status of the children.
Key words: Children, Schools, Nutrition and Body max index
RECLAIMING CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN PRESERVING NATIONAL IDENTITY
LANDI G. AMOS PhD; SIMON TIMOTHY; & FATIMA S UMAR
School of General Studies, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi
Abstract
This paper explores the crucial role of language and literature in preserving national identity and reclaiming cultural heritage in third world nations. It examines the impact of colonialism, globalization, and urbanization on language suppression and cultural erasure, and discusses efforts to revitalize languages, promote literature in indigenous languages, and integrate cultural heritage into education systems. The paper argues that language and literature are essential components of cultural heritage, and that their preservation is vital for maintaining national identity and promoting cultural diversity. It concludes by highlighting the importance of prioritizing language revitalization, literary promotion, and cultural education in third world nations to ensure the survival of their cultural heritage for future generations.
Keywords: cultural heritage, language, literature, national identity, language revitalization, literary promotion.
THE EFFECT OF PUBLIC DEBT AND GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON INDUSTRIAL SECTOR PERFORMANCE
SALIMATU RUFAI MOHAMMED
Air Force Institute of Technology
Abstract
This study examines the effect of public debt and government expenditure on industrial sector performance. Data from 1981 to 2023 was employed and Autoregressive Distributive Lag model was employed in analyzing the short- and long-run relationships among the variables. The study reveals significant short run and long-run relationship among the variables. However, the relationship between all the variables were negligible in the short run and also negligible for debt in the long run. In the long run, domestic debt, external debt and recurrent expenditure all have negative effect on industrial sector performance while recurrent expenditure affect it positively. In the long run all the variables exert positive impact on industrial sector performance except recurrent expenditure. The study therefore recommends that any form of debt obtained by government should be directed at developing the industrial sector of the economy. Capital expenditure should also be geared toward industrial sector development. Policy makers should ensure that the amount set aside for the sectors development are judiciously implemented.
Key words: Capital Expenditure, Domestic debt, External debt, Recurrent expenditure, Industrial sector
THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS.
OLALEKAN OLUKEMI OLUYEMISI
Department Of Banking and Finance, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the impact of financial literacy on the financial performance of small and medium scale enterprise (SMEs using the sample size of 223 SMEs in Bauchi metropolis. Result from the study indicated that there is a relationship between financial literacy and the performance of SMEs. In general, the findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between SMEs performance and financial literacy. The study recommended that the providers of various financial literacy programs should consider implementing a program which fits the culture and traditions of the people as well as preceding financial literacy and technology training with adequate technological infrastructures like electricity, network connectivity, to make its implementation a reality..
Keywords: Financial Performance; Financial Attitude; Financial Literacy.
EFFECTS OF SOME VARIABLE FACTORS ON CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER USING SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
*EGBULEFU, C.S., HANIS, B., EZEOFOR, A.O., AJAEGBU, E.C., UZOR, O.S., OLUKOTUN, G.B., AND OWIE, P.A.
National Biotechnology Research and Development agency (NBRDA), Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract
Several agro-wastes end up in landfills in Nigeria. there has been a renewed interest in the recycling of such agricultural waste for value-addition through innovative methods. This process will reduce environmental pollution and generates additional useful products. Corn cob is one of the largest farm-originating underutilized waste nuisances in Nigeria. Despite their high metabolizable sugars, not all microbial strains utilize them in the same way and rates. Cellulase is an industrially important products, essential for human activities. This study aimed to use corn cobs as substrates of cellulase enzyme production, determine the effects of the Aspergillus niger strains, (cellulosic or non-cellulosic) as well as the time of fermentation on the enzyme yields. Cellulosic and non-cellulosic niches were screened for Aspergillus strains. Aliquot 0.1ml of the serially diluted samples were pour-plated on Streptomycin-containing potato dextrose Agar (PDA). The Aspergillus niger obtained were identified by microscopic examination using lactophenol cotton blue staining and then screened in a cellulose-containing medium for their cellulase activity. Strains with the highest zones of clearance were selected for further studies. The enzyme activity of Aspergillus niger strains was from day 2 to the 10th day of fermentation. The highest performance across the strains was on the 6th day by Aspergillus niger RA23, 1.032 U/ml) and the lowest was 0.372 U/ml by Aspergillus niger RA05. Enzyme production was influenced by fermentation time and microbial strain agreeing with previous literatures that fermentation process is strain-dependent. The microbial strain used for bioprocessing has important function in the metabolism and transport of nutrients. Therefore, autochthonous factor needs to be considered in strain selections.
Key words: Cellulase, Enzymes, Corn cobs, Bio-processing, Wastes and Fermentation
ABSTRACT NO.2
A REVIEW ON IMAGE SPAM DETECTION TECHNIQUES USING SOME MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
IBRAHIM IDRIS
Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The most convenient and time efficient method of online communication is through email despite the emergence of alternative forms of online communication which include social networking, sending and receiving. The increase in online transactions via email has led to a significant increase in the global number of email spam which has relatively become a critical problem in the area of computing. There have been numerous techniques of machine learning for identifying unsolicited email spam. Despite the significant improvements made in the number of existing literatures reviewed, there exist no classification technique that has achieve 100% accuracy, each algorithm employs a limited number of features. As a result, determining the most appropriate technique is a critical task because their effectiveness needs to be weighed relative to their drawbacks. To improve on the existing spam detection techniques, we develop a multi-modal architecture capable of detecting image spam, train the model and then, provide an experimental result which indicates that the resultant model performs efficiently.
STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF CLAY TREATED WITH CALCIUM CARBIDE RESIDUE (CCR) OF VARIED PARTICLE SIZES FOR ROAD APPLICATION
1INYENE IYIRE AND 2 MUSTAPHA MOHAMMED ALHAJI
1, 2, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Abstract
It is a common knowledge that most clay soils falls short of the specifications required to make them suitable for use as road construction materials. The common solution to make the clay soils usable as road construction material is by stabilization to improve the strength and durability of the clay soils. The high cost of cement and its attended environmental problems has led to the use of different waste materials. One of these waste materials is the calcium carbide residue (CCR) which have been found to be effective soil stabilizer. However, the CCR used by various researchers varies from particles passing sieve 0.075mm through particles passing sieve 0.300mm to particles passing 0.425mm. This research therefore focused on the particle size of CCR with the highest strength. CCR was sieved through British sieve sizes 0.425mm and retained on sieve 0.300mm, passed through sieve 0.300mm and retained on sieve 0.200mm, passed through sieve 0.200mm and retained on sieve 0.015mm, passed through sieve 0.015mm and retained on sieve 0.075mm and finally passed through sieve 0.075mm and retained on pan. These CCR were used to stabilize a clay soil at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12% by weight of the dry soil. The compacted mixtures were then tested for unconfined compressive strength after 28 days of curing. The results classified the soil as clay of high plasticity (CH) based on unified soil classification (USC) system which cannot be used for any component of a road structure. The maximum dry densities decrease with increase in percentage CCR while the optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with increase in percentage CCR to between 4% and 6% CCR after which the values decreased. The highest unconfined compressive strength (UCS) occurred at 10% CCR addition with values of 1800kN/m2 for 0.075mm sieve size followed by the value of 1450kN/m2 for 0.200mm sieve size. The UCS value of 1800kN/m2 meet the specification for material to be used as sub-base course material for roads based on Nigeria General Specification for Roads and Bridge Works (1992).
Keywords: Calcium carbide residue, clay soil, compaction, maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, soil stabilization.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEER INFLUENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG POST BASIC SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KANO MUNICIPAL EDUCATION ZONE OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA.
KABIRU MUHAMMAD UMAR
Department of Education, Sule Lamido University Kafin Hausa, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study investigated the relationship between parental Peer Influence and academic achievement among post basic school students in Kano Municipal Education Zone, Kano state. The study has three (3) objectives, Two (2) research questions and One (1) hypothesis. Ex post facto was adopted as the design of the study. The population used for this study was 10,275 SS III public post basic students who have taken their 2021/2022 qualifying examination out of which 370 participants were selected using research advisor (2006) table of sample estimation .Multi-stage sampling technique was used to draw the sample of 370 to participate in the study. The instrument used for this study was Peer Influence questionnaire “PIQ”. The instrument has both validity and reliability with index 0.79. The data were collected by the researcher and research assistants in various sample schools in Kano Municipal. The data collected were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation respectively. The findings of the study revealed that, post basic school students in Kano Municipal education zone, Kano State were having high level of Peer influence, towards their education, low level of academic achievement and inverse relationship exist between peer influence and post basic school student’s academic achievement. . It is also recommended that Parents should monitor the kind of peer group their children intermingle with, both at their home environment, or in school. They should ensure that their wards move with the right peer group.
Keynote words: Peer, peer group, peer Influence and Academic Achievement
EVALUATION OF BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK VARIANTS IN ANIMAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION
1ABDUL-HAMMED A. I. 2ISMAILA W. OLADIMEJI. 3ADEOSUN O. OLAJIDE, 4OGUNDELE L. ADEBAYO, 5 ISMAILA FOLASADE M.
1,2,3Department of Computer Science, LadokeAkintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso. 4Department of Computer Science, Ogun State University, Ogun State. 5Department of Computer Science, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree
Abstract
Image Classification is a key task in pattern recognition that seeks to comprehend and label an image as a whole. This is made possible by the use of classification techniques of which Artificial Neural Network and its variants (especially Back-propagation neural network, BPNN). However, conventional BPNN and its variants have not been properly evaluated and compared in image classifications realm. Hence, this work evaluates the performances of BPNN and its variant in image classification system. A publicly available animal image database consisting of Woodpecker (360) and Zebra (360) images was acquired. The dataset were subjected to pre-processing which includes image brightness, contrast alteration, image cropping and normalisation. Local Binary Pattern was used for extracting features from the images. The processed images were classified by BPNN and OBPNN classifiers. The outcomes of the two techniques on Zebra datasets are accuracy of 85.28% and 91.94% by BPNN and OBPNN techniques at 51.59 seconds and 38.44seconds respectively. While the result of BPNN and OBPNN on woodpecker datasets yielded accuracy of 85.83% and 91.39% in 72.12 seconds and 51.47 seconds respectively.
Keyword: Neural Network Variants, Image Classification, Local Binary Pattern, Back propagation Neural Network, Optical Back propagation Neural Network,
IMPACT OF COAL MINING ACTIVITIES ON WATER QUALITY IN THE COAL BELT OF KOGI EAST, NIGERIA
HADIZA ABUBAKAR AHMAD1 AND MUHAMMED RABIU2
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Abuja, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the impact of coal mining activities on water quality in the coal belt of Kogi East, Nigeria. Surface water samples were collected from Ika-Ogboyaga and Okaba mine sites and a control site in Ankpa town. Three surface water samples were collected from upstream, midstream, and downstream of the rivers in mined and unmined sites. Physical parameters, total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and heavy metals were analyzed. Physical parameters were measured in situ using a multi-parameter logging sensor and heavy metals were analyzed with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The findings reveal that: Mean temperatures were 28.49±1.5°C, 27.94±1.17°C, and 28.45±1.5°C, exceeding the WHO standard (22°C) but within the FME standard (<40°C), pH values were 6.9±0.2, 6.8±0.2, and 6.74±0.15, conforming to WHO and FME standards, Electrical conductivity (EC) values were 562.39±4.5 µS/cm, 444.7±7.6 µS/cm, and 372.9±9.1 µS/cm, within WHO and FME standards, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Ika (398.1±5.9 mg/l) exceeded WHO and FME limits, while Okaba (358.5±8.3 mg/l) and the control (298.8±2.9 mg/l) were within limits, Salinity, Total Hardness, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Iron, Copper, and Zinc values exceeded WHO and FME permissible limits in the mined sites. ANOVA results indicate significant differences in salinity, BOD, COD, Copper, Iron, and Lead between mine and control sites (p < 0.05). The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) values for Okaba, Ika, and the control were 681.3, 703.4, and 617.8, respectively, exceeding the critical value of 100, indicating heavy metal contamination. This study underscores the need for stringent environmental regulations and remediation strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of coal mining on water quality in the region.
Keywords: Coal, Mining, Water, Quality, and Parameter
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION DIMENSIONS AND INCOME GENERATION OF MULTIPURPOSE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
- RAHMAN MUSTAPHA 1; ABDULWAHEED OLAJIDE OMOTOSHO 2; DR. ZEKERI ABU3; DR. ABDULAZEEZ ALHAJI SALAU 4; ABDULFATAI IDOMI ISHOLA 5, AND DR. KAMAL LANRE AKANBI 5
1 Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University Malete, Nigeria. 2 Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University Malete, Nigeria 3Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University Malete, Nigeria. 4 Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University Malete, Nigeria. 5Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University, Nigeria, 5 Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University Malete, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Co-operative societies are regarded as a business model with capability to provide economic and social sustainability. Despite their significance, the co-operative societies have been marred with several challenges such as loan delinquency, getting loans over their maximum credit limit (MCL) which hinder their performance. This paper therefore aimed to examined how entrepreneurial orientation dimensions affect the income generation capacity of multipurpose co-operative societies. A sample size of 380 respondents were drawn from 12,671 population registered secondary cooperative societies in North central Nigeria. Questionnaire were administered to the target respondents, while multiple regression was used in the analysis. Descriptive analysis indicated that entrepreneurial orientation dimensions measured were evenly distributed. Therefore, the result of multiple regression analysis indicated that there is significant positive influence between entrepreneurial orientation determinants (innovative capacity. with β=0.132, t-value=2.483 and p-value=0.013; pro-activeness with β=0.372, t-value=6.329 and p-value=0.000 and performance of the antecedents of cooperative society (which is measured by income generation (IG). The study found that one out of two proposed null hypotheses have significant impact on the income generation of cooperative societies. These findings showed that entrepreneurial orientation play an essential role through innovative capacity and pro-activeness, and it has significant influence on the income generation of cooperative societies. The study concluded that cooperative societies improve growth of income generation through entrepreneurial orientation which help their members in the area of investment decision as well as avoid loan delinquency. It was recommended that cooperative societies should focuses on Innovative capacity to ensure income generation, and more emphases should have laid on pro-activeness.
Key word: Entrepreneurial orientation, cooperative society, innovative capacity, income generation, pro-activeness.
ANALYSIS OF PHP FUNCTIONS ON EXAM TIMETABLE SCHEDULING USING GRAPH COLORING
ABUBAKAR MUHAMMAD; ZAINAB ALIYU MUSA; & ADONU SUNDAY EJIYIME
Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi (Nigeria)
Abstract
PHP programming language as a scripting and dynamic programming language was proved to be effective in handling scheduling problems. By putting all the available constraints into considerations, PHP happens be a better programming language. In this research, we use PHP functions to analyze a paper that uses graph coloring algorithm to solve a scheduling problem in the hospital. Where we try to find the effectiveness, efficiency, fairness and elimination of complexity in the processes. Therefore, the authors justified their finding by producing adjacency matrixes and nurses scheduling interfaces using graph coloring algorithm and PHP programming language.
Keywords: PHP functions, PHP scripting language, Graph colouring algorithm, analysis, exam timetable, scheduling
GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (L.) MOENCH) AS AFFECTED BY WEEDING REGIMES IN MUBI, ADAMAWA STATE
HYCENTH I. ABDU,1 VANDI S, 2 AND YAKUBU M. S 3
1,2Dept. of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State Nigeria. 3Dept. of Biological Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State Nigeria.
Abstract
The two years experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of weeding regimes on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in Mubi Adamawa State, Northern Guinea Savannah, grown at the Tree Crop Plantation (TCP) Farm, school of Agriculture, Federal polytechnic, Mubi, during 2022 and 2023 rain cropping season. Mubi is located in the North-eastern part of Adamawa State laid between Latitude 90 26ʹ and100 10ʹN and Longitude 130 10ʹ and 130 44ʹE. at an Altitude of 696m above sea level. The experiments were laid out in Split Plot Design with four (4) treatments: No weeding (W1), 1 Weeding at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS) (W2), 2 weeding at 3, and 6 WAS (W3) and 3 weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS (W4), replicated 3 times. Data were collected on plant height, Number of leaves, stem diameter. The data on growth and yield parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Analysis System (SAS), (SAS, 2000) and means that showed significant differences were separated by F-test using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results revealed that weeding regimes significantly influenced plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, at 3, 6 and 9 WAS. Treatment W4 performed significantly higher than the other treatments. The study therefore recommends 3 times weeding at an interval of 3 WAS to okra farmers in Mubi and its environs for optimum fruit yield.
Keywords: Growth, Affected, Okra, Weeding Regime, and Yield.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF METAKAOLIN-BLENDED HOLLOW SANDCRETE BLOCKS – A REVIEW
ADEJOH BENJAMIN OCHOLA1, SHAKIR-DEEN ADESHINA AKINLOYE2, LAWAL SANI3
Department of Civil Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic1 and 2Department of Railway Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic3
ABSTRACT
Sand-cement hollow blocks are widely applied in building construction in most countries. Attempt to lower the high costs of the material constituents, as well as the desire to enhance properties, has led to the substitution of the constituents with different admixtures. Adding admixtures to most cementitious materials often affects their thermophysical properties. One of the commonly used admixtures is metakaolin. This study investigates the thermal characteristics of hollow sandcrete blocks produced with metakaolin-blended cement. The replacement of cement with metakaolin is varied up to 30% by volume in a step of 5%. The results show increasing heat transfer rate, heat energy storing capacity and thermal mass with the metakaolin content. Time-response properties such as thermal admittance and thermal effusively rise while most of the insulating properties reduce with increasing metakaolin substitution. The results show the potential use of metakaolin-based blocks for building applications should be with caution.
Keywords: Metakaolin, cement, admixtures, sandcrete blocks, thermal
DIGITAL COMMERCE IN MINERAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
SALISU ABDULLAHI; A DONU SUNDAY EJIYIME; & AMATULLAH YAHAYA ALIYU
Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State (Nigeria).
Abstract
E-commerce platforms enable companies of all sizes to sell their items and promote their brand to a broader audience. The e-commerce sector is continually developing, as new technology and methods of purchasing and selling services and items are developed. The traditional e-commerce system is plagued with problems, such as payment disputes, charge backs, fraud, and a lack of transparency; however, blockchain can transform e-commerce by making transactions more efficient and safer. Blockchain can be used to build a decentralized network that allows people to securely store and share digital assets. This would enable buyers to access product details such as the product’s origin and source, as well as reduce the risk of fraud. Although the application of blockchain in e-commerce remains in its early stages, this review paper examines research on blockchain-based e-commerce, focusing on applicability and problems in the context of the available literature from 2017 through 2022.
Key words: e-commerce, continually developing, transparency, block chain, product details, origin, source, applicability and problems
EVALUATION OF BIM LERNING TRAINING APPRAOCHES USING AHP – TOPSIS TECHNIQUE
MAIGANA ADAMU ABDULKADIR
Department of Quantity Surveying, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi
ABSTRACT
Strategic preparation of BIM – Learning includes decision making regarding the most suitable type of Bim – learning training approaches for a particular Bim – learner. The survey has been carried out on the sample of 50 respondents consisted of lecturers and professions in AEC programs in HEIs in Bauchi State. They were asked to assess the relative importance of Ten – Bim – Learning Training approach evaluation criteria to be analysed using AHP technique. Furthermore, they also rated the performance of seven identified Bim – Learning Training approaches under each of the required criteria. The overall performance of each Bim – Learning Training approach was computed using Topsis method. The result suggested that In – house Bim – learning Training programme is the most suitable Bim – Learning Training approach, while Bim interactive teaching strategy fund to be the most important criterion. The paper is suggesting a quantitative evaluation method for decision makers who are strategizing Bim technology Training in AEC education setting.
EFFECTIVENESS OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOL (FFS) IN ENHANCING CROP PRODUCTION AMONG FARMERS IN BORNO STATE
1TIJJANI, H., 2WALA, R.I. AND 3ADAMU, I.A.
1Department of Agricultural Technology, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. 2Delivery Support Unit, Agency for Coordination of Sustainable Development and Humanitarian Response, Borno State, Nigeria. 3Department of Computer Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study assessed the effectiveness of Farmer Field School (FFS) in enhancing crop production among farmers in Borno State. It identified the socioeconomic characteristics of the farmers, assessed the intensity of farmers participation in FFS activities, ascertained farmers knowledge of FFS activities, identified farmers source(s) of information about FFS, ascertained the percentage increase or decrease in farmers’ crop yield after joining FFS, and identified constraints associated with participating in FFS activities. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 102 respondents across 5 Local Government Areas (LGAs). Data was collected through questionnaire administration and triangulated using Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The result shows majority () of the respondents were male, married, and educated in one form of education or the other. Majority of the farmers highly participated in most of the FFS activity except for graduation, registration and linkage. Farmers experienced increase in crop yield after participating in the FFS. High cost of input, lack of access to credit in the formal lending sector and inadequate fund were among the constraints considered “very serious” by farmers in FFS participation.
Key Words: Farmer Field School, Crop Yield, Borno State
POVERTY ALLIVATION PROGHAMME AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: THE NEED FOR COLLABORATION.
*LAWAL MOSHOOD KAYODE; **POPOOLA EMMANUEL KOLAWOLE.
*Department of Public Administration, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, saki, Oyo State. **Department of Local Government Studies, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Oyo State.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of poverty in Nigeria has always been high despite the effort of government to put smiles on the faces of average Nigerians living in rural community. The paper aims at examining poverty alleviation programmer and rural development in Nigeria. The paper adopts secondary method and data will be sourced from prints and online publications. The paper discuses review of literature and theoretical framework of poverty as well as the causes of poverty in Nigeria. The also deals with the several poverty alleviation programmer in Nigeria that have been initiated by both government and Non-governmental organizations and its strategic failure. The paper reveals that government as well as non-governmental agencies have put in place many programmers to combat and alleviate poverty but not successful. Therefore, the paper recommends that community self-help should be taken as a measure to complement the government effort in alleviating poverty in Nigeria.
Keywords: Poverty, Community, Rural Development, Government Nigeria
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN LAFIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE
*KIGBU YUSUF OMBUGUTSA; **GOJI, DONALD SABASTINE; & ***MICHAEL BITRUS
*Department of Public Administration, Isa Mustapha Agwai 1 Polytechnic, Lafia. **Department of Political Science, Federal University of Lafia. ***Department of Political Science, Adanmawa State University, Mubi
Abstract
The paper titled “Local Government and Service Delivery in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State. The research commenced with the introduction of the concepts “Local Government and Service Delivery” Interrogating the impact and challenges bedevil the local councils in providing essential services to the rural populace. The main objectives of the study are to examine the impact of local government on the provision of social services in Lafia Local Government Area. Data were generated through the use of primary and secondary sources where questionnaires were administered among the respondents to source a firsthand information. Also the use of text books, journal papers, news papers, magazines and internet materials was utilized. The research is anchored on the theory of Fiscal Federalism. The population of the study is 479,674 as at 2023 projected population increase index of 3% while the sample size is 400 was duly drawn from the total population using Taro Yamane formular. The research reveals that, Lafia local government council has not impacted on the provision of primary health care, primary education, infrastructures and drinking water. Finally, the research recommends that, both the Federal and State Governments should empower local government councils so as to give their best in the area of providing essential services to its immediate community. Also, primary education sector should be improved through joint hand community development effort to be augmented by the Parents Teachers Association (PTA) or philanthropists.
ABSTRACT NO.3
POTENTIAL OF CEMENT STABILIZED DEMOLITION WASTE-LATERITIC COMPOSITE FOR USE AS PLINTH IN RESIDENTIAL DUPLEX BUILDINGS
B.O. BELLO; M.M. ALHAJI; M. ALHASSAN; & T.E ADEJUMO
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna
Abstract
The cost of building residential duplex building is high compared to bungalows. This is because of the structural elements associated with storey buildings which are costly to construct. One of these structural component is the construction of Plinth to damp-proof course. The normal procedure involves filling the plinth with compacted lateritic soil followed by hard core which is covered with damp proof course and finally a concrete. This research focused on the potential utilization of cement-stabilized demolition waste – lateritic soil mixture for construction of plinth to damp proof course level in residential duplex buildings. This is to establish the mixture that can serve the same purpose as Plinth to damp proof course. A lateritic soil was replaced with demolished waste material at proportion of 0:100%, 10:90%, 20:80%, to 100:0% and each mix was stabilized with 2% of cement. The mixtures were tested for index properties test, compaction test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and moisture movement within compacted specimens test were conducted on all the mixed proportions. The maximum dry density was observed to increase from 1,786Mg/m3 at 0% demolition waste replacement to maximum of 2.081Mg/m3 at 100% demolition waste replacement while the optimum moisture content reduced from 17.5% at 0%% demolition waste replacement to 9.3% at 100% demolition waste replacement. The CBR values increased from 25% at 0% demolition waste replacement to maximum of 335% at 100% demolition waste replacement while the UCS values increased from 800kN/m2 at 0% demolition waste replacement to maximum of 1000kN/m2 at 40% demolition waste replacement after which the values reduced to 420kN/m2 at 100% demolition waste replacement. The moisture movement values showed lowest moisture content values of between 4.8 and 5.0% at 50 and 60% demolition waste replacement respectively after 28 days soaking. Based on the strength and moisture movement within the compacted mixtures, it was concluded that only the mixtures with 50% and 60% demolition waste replacement can be used in the construction of Plinth in residential duplex buildings.
Keywords: Construction Demolition Waste, Lateritic soil, Plinth, Soil Stabilization
INTEGRATION OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN STRATEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF A REHABILITATION CENTER IN ABUJA
OBIJIOFOR U.T.; AND ABDULRAHMAN M.E.
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
A rehabilitation centre is a place or facility that provides therapy and treatment to restore functioning after an illness, injury, surgery or addiction. While biophilia is a natural need to connect with nature, which has become essential for human cognitive functioning and wellbeing. This study seeks to assess the level of integration of biophilic design strategies in rehabilitation centres in Abuja. Purposive sampling will be used to collect data from selected rehabilitation centres in Abuja. Data will be collected from these centres with the use of an observation guide and questionnaires distributed to both staff and patients. Findings revealed that the presence of biophilic design elements is seen to have a degree of influence on respondents such as stress reduction and improved overall well-being. More so, none of the centers possessed any water feature such as fountains(s) or pond(s) in or around their immediate environment. Based on these findings, the thesis recommends integration of water elements (ponds, aquariums, swimming pools and water fountains) as tools for patient rehabilitation. In conclusion, the thesis advocates improved awareness on the contributive effects of biophilia to health and well-being through sensitization, advocacy and seminars.
MODERATING ROLE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NON- OIL TAX REVENUE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA.
*LAWAL MOHAMMED, PHD.; & **ALIYU AUDU GEMU, PHD.
*International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. **Department of Business Administration, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the moderating effect of technological innovation on the relationship between Non-Oil Tax Revenue and Economic Growth in Nigeria from 1994 to 2023.Non-Oil Tax Revenue was using CIT, PIT, CGT, VAT, STD, CSD and Economic Growth. The data relating to Non-oil tax revenue was collected from the statistical reports of Federal Inland Revenue Service. The RGDP data was retrieved form the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and the moderating variable of Technology Innovation was measured using Global Innovation Index (GII). The descriptive statistics result indicated that the data constituted thirty observations. The hypotheses tested revealed that non-oil tax revenue has positively impacted in Nigerian Economic Growth in Nigeria. More so, the result of the hypothesis indicated that Technological Innovations moderates the relationship between non-oil tax revenue and Economic Growth in Nigeria. The result of the ordinary least square method analysed using SPSS V 20 stated that the R value of and the R square value of 0.975 and 0.950 respectively indicted that there exists a significant relationship between the dependent, independent and the moderating variables of the OLS model estimated. It shows that the significant relationship is explained by 97.5% and 95.0% of the values of the R and squared. It was recommended that the Federal Inland Revenue Service of Nigeria should improve the collection of non-oil tax revenue by taking the advantage of the technological innovations. The government of Nigeria should improve on adherence to proper accountability and transparency in the disbursement of the non-oil tax revenue to finance the national budget of Nigeria.
Keywords: Tax Revenue, Economic Growth, Technology, Innovation, Economic Development.
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND PERFORMANCE OF FASHION DESIGNING ENTERPRISES IN BIDA, NIGER STATE
IBRAHIM, AISHA; & DR. ISAH IMAM PAIKO
Department of Entreprenuership and Business Studies, Federal University of Technology, Minna.
Abstract
This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of fashion designing enterprises in Bida, Niger State. Entrepreneurial orientation, which encompasses dimensions such as innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy, is widely recognized as a critical factor influencing business success. Despite extensive research in other sectors, there is a paucity of studies focusing on how these entrepreneurial traits affect the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the fashion industry, particularly in the unique socio-economic environment of Bida. To address this gap, the study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from a structured survey of 7 units of registered tailoring enterprises which made of up 1,236 fashion designers in Bida with qualitative insights derived from in-depth interviews with key industry stakeholders. The quantitative analysis employs statistical techniques to assess the correlation between entrepreneurial orientation and various performance metrics, including revenue growth, customer satisfaction, market share, and innovation rates. The qualitative data provides contextual depth, revealing how local cultural, economic, and competitive dynamics shape the entrepreneurial behaviors of fashion designers. The findings indicate a strong positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and enterprise performance, with innovativeness and proactiveness emerging as the most significant drivers of success. Designers who actively seek out new opportunities, embrace creative design processes, and stay ahead of market trends tend to outperform their peers in terms of profitability and brand recognition. Conversely, the impact of risk-taking on performance is found to be complex, suggesting that while some degree of risk is necessary, excessive risk-taking may lead to adverse outcomes, particularly in a market characterized by economic instability and limited access to financial resources. This research contributes to the broader understanding of entrepreneurship in the fashion sector by highlighting the critical role of entrepreneurial orientation in enhancing business performance. The study offers practical recommendations for fashion designers, industry associations, and policymakers, emphasizing the need for targeted support programs that foster entrepreneurial skills and create an enabling environment for innovation and sustainable growth in the fashion industry in Bida.
EFFECT OF TAX LIABILITIES ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
*HENRY HABILA; **SARATU L. JIM-SULEIMAN; & ***EMMANUEL UCHENDU
*Department of Accounting, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. **Professor of Accounting, University of Jos. ***Department of Accounting, University of Jos
ABSTRACT
The instability in the banking sector over the years has been characterized by numerous variations and volatilities where banks are mandated by law to pay taxes that could translate into a substantial cost to their performance. The study empirically ascertains the effect of tax liabilities on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. To accomplish this objective a comprehensive study on the theoretical, conceptual and empirical literature on tax liabilities and financial performance was examined. Tax liabilities was proxy by company income tax, tertiary education tax, value added tax and capital gain tax. This study adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of the study consists of 14 quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria, judgmental sampling techniques was used to select ten banks as a sample size. Secondary data was obtained from audited annual financial reports of the listed deposit money banks in Nigeria from 2013-2022. the study adopted panel least squares regression through pooled effect, fixed effect, and random effect, from the outcome determined by the Hausman test, fixed effect regression was preferred for results interpretation with the aid STATA 17. Findings show that company income tax had a positive and significant effect on financial performance; tertiary education tax and capital gain tax had negative and significant effect on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Value added tax had positive and insignificant effect on financial performance. The study concludes that companies income tax, tertiary education tax and capital gain tax reduced financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends among others that through collaborative efforts with tax authorities DMBs should engage in strategic tax planning such as exploring legal avenues to stabilize or minimize tax liabilities. The government should review the countries’ fiscal policy and where necessary introduce new tax incentives, tax exemptions, tax allowances, tax relief, tax rebates, and tax shelters for companies income tax, tertiary education and capital gain tax since it has adverse effect on financial performance of DMBs in Nigeria.
Keywords: Tax liabilities, financial performance, Return on assets
IMPACTS OF STRUCTURAL ATTRIBUTES ON RENTAL VALUES OF COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES IN UKANAFUN, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA
1EKPO, MBOSOWO EBONG, 2BASSEY NSE AKPAN AND 3ABDULLAHI, AMINAT NDATSU
1Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua. Ikot Ekpene. Akwa Ibom State. 2Department of Estate Management, University of Uyo, Uyo. Akwa Ibom State. 3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Kaduna State.
Abstract
Structural attributes and rental values of commercial properties are very vital in the economic growth of any nation and profitability to lessors and investors of the properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of structural attributes on rental values of commercial properties in Ukanafun, Akwa Ibom State. In order to attain the stated aim, the following objectives were set; to assess the different types of structural attributes of commercial properties in the study area; to examine the average rental values of sampled commercial properties across the study area and to establish the relationship between the structural attributes and rental values of commercial properties in the study area. The research employed the survey design. The independent variable were the structural attributes measured using parking space and internal floor area while the dependent variable was rental values. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in the analysis of the data, with the help of the SPSS and Excel software. The research revealed the rental values of 33 selected commercial properties in the study area during field survey and low rental values was noticed in properties with poor structural attributes and vice versa with the highest mean rental value of ₦151,134 and lowest mean rental value of ₦42,989. The study revealed a 99.63% significant relationship between the dependent and the independent variables, with a Durbin-Watson statistics of 2.499 and F-ratio of 1086.086. The study concluded that there was a statistically significant relationship between structural attributes and rental values of commercial properties in Ukanafun Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State. However, the study recommended that since high rental values were seen to be profitable to investors in commercial properties in the study area, developers should put the structural attributes into consideration as poor structural attributes were noticed to bring about lower rental values.
Keywords: Structural attributes, rental values, commercial properties, Ukanafun, Akwa Ibom
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON NODULATION, GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN [Glycine Max (L.) MERRILL] IN BAUCHI NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA
ABUBAKAR I.A1 BARNABAS B1 S.A BARAZA 1,SALAWUDEEN, S.2. HASSAN, M.A3. Y.A SHUGABA.1 A.A MAHMUD1, ABDURRAHMAN M.U1, ABBA AJI, A.A1 AND GAMBO, N1.
1Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi. 2Department of Agricultural and Bioenvironmental Technology, Federal Polytechnic. Bauchi. 3Dept of Agric Science Education, Saadatu Rimi University of Education, Kumbotso, Kano
Abstract
A field experiments was conducted at the research farm of Federal Polytechnic Bauchi in the year 2022 rainy season to determine the effect of phosphorus fertilizer levels on nodulation, growth and yield of soybean. The experiment consisted of four Phosphorus fertilizer levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg P205 ha-1.The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The result of the study indicated that increase in phosphorus levels increases plant height, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight, grain yield, oil and protein content., Maximum responses were obtained at rate of 60 kg 60 kg P205 ha-1for plant height (44.58cm), number of pods per plant (73.0), hundred seed weight (13.25g), grain yield/ha (1964kg) The application of 60 kg P205 ha-1 was found to be the most appropriate levels of phosphorus for high productivity of soybean. Application of phosphorus fertilizer promoted vegetative growth and yield of the soybean. It is therefore recommended that farmers should use phosphorus fertilizer 60kg (P2O5/ha) for soybean production to obtain higher grain yield.
Keywords: Phosphorus, nodulation, soybean, and Bauchi.
EVALUATION OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN HOUSING PROVISION IN NIGERIA
ESV ALLI, KEHINDE ABDULRASHEED
Department of Estate Management, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin.
ABSTRACT
Experience has shown that if national housing goals are to be met, government should encourage, orientate and if necessary, supervise the private housing sector. Housing provision should be left to the private sector to manage because it will be more productive, more efficient and more successful than government ownership and operation. Housing policy in the 1980s- mid 1990s, perhaps more than any other issue, was the means by which an increasingly divided society was being created. Public Private Partnership is a generalized terminology used to describe a synergy between public and private sectors organizations. This synergy is increased in scope and application, that today, it covers a wide spectrum of relationships. This paper explains the evaluation of public private partnership in housing provision in Nigeria, its principles, practice and application with specific reference to Lagos State. Data were gathered from ministries and relevant government agencies in Lagos state, reconnaissance survey to PPP projects, personal interview with government officials and also from practicing Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Lagos State. Secondary data were also gathered from relevant journal papers, past thesis, textbooks etc. Findings were made and conclusion drawn.
KEYWORDS: Evaluation, Public Private Partnership, Housing Provision, Public Sector, Government Agencies, Private Sector, Accessibility and Affordability.
URBANIZATION DYNAMICS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
OYELEKE, OYEDIRAN OLUFEMI; & ABAH, CHRIS ONOJA
Department of Estate Management, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Abstract
Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa has accelerated significantly over years across sub Saharan Africa, driven by factors such as rural-urban migration, population growth, and economic opportunities. This growth has reshaped real estate development and sustainability practices across the region. The region faces challenges including inadequate housing, infrastructure deficits, and environmental degradation exacerbated by rapid urbanization. To mitigate these challenges, innovative approaches integrating green technologies into urban planning and real estate projects have gained prominence. Strategies such as compact and mixed-use development, transit-oriented development, and green infrastructure aim to enhance urban resilience and sustainability. Effective urban governance and policy frameworks are crucial for fostering socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable cities. Despite these efforts, the pace of urbanization continues to strain resources and infrastructure, necessitating continued investment in sustainable development practices. This paper explores these themes to contribute to the discourse on achieving resilient and sustainable urban futures in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Keywords: Urbanization, Sub-Saharan Africa, real estate development, sustainability, green technologies.
ENHANCING ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: CUSTOM PLAGIARISM DETECTION SOFTWARE FOR STUDENT PROJECTS
*BENISEMENI ESTHER ZAKKA; **CHAPMAN EZE NNADOZIE; &*OWUSU JULIUS BOAMAH
*Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State. Nigeria. **Computer Science Department, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
In today’s era of modernization and increased knowledge, many organizations place a high priority on the originality and authenticity of research findings. The complexity of ensuring the originality of research is exacerbated by the rising incidence of plagiarism. This paper presents a custom solution for detecting plagiarism in documents uploaded by students within an academic department. While literal plagiarism, such as direct copy-pasting, is relatively easy to detect, more sophisticated forms—including translation, summarization, and paraphrasing—pose significant challenges. Particularly difficult to identify is paraphrased plagiarism, where original content is heavily reworded. Plagiarism detection systems aim to ensure the originality of text content, and these systems can be categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic detectors. Intrinsic detectors analyze variations in writing style within a single document, while extrinsic detectors compare a suspicious document against a large set of source documents to identify plagiarized content by assessing similarities. Manual methods of plagiarism detection are often ineffective due to human errors, bias, and the time-consuming nature of the process. These limitations underscore the need for an automated system that is less prone to human error and favoritism. The implementation of such a system can significantly reduce direct plagiarism by increasing awareness among students about the importance of academic integrity. The custom plagiarism detection software developed for this project effectively evaluates the level of plagiarism in uploaded documents, displaying the percentage of detected plagiarism. Testing has shown the system to be effective, fast, and reliable, free from human manipulation and bias.
Keywords: Plagiarism Detection, Machine Learning, Academic Integrity, Text Matching, Custom Software Development
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF SENSITIZATION AND SUPPORT GROUP PROGRAMMES TOWARDS THE UPTAKE OF ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION IN YOBE STATE.
1ABDULLAHI MUHAMMAD JAWA, 2SABO MUHAMMAD ABDULLAHI PROF, 3 YAHAYA IBRAHIM SALE ASSOCIATE PROF, 4HALILU BELLO ROGO PHD 5ALIYU IDRISS TIKAU AND 6HASHIMU UMAR
1Department of Public Health, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger (MAAUN) Ministry of Health, Damaturu,Yobe State. 2Maryam Abatcha American University Kano. 3Kaduna State University. Kaduna. 4Policy Academy Wudil, Kano. 5Education Dept., Yobe State University Damaturu. 6Ningi College of Health Tech., Dept. of Comm. Health, Bauchi State.
ABSTRACT
The researcher investigate the assessment of the influence of Ssensitization and Support Group Programmes towards the uptake of Routine Immunization in Yobe State, with the objectives to assess the influence of sensitization programmes towards the uptake of routine immunization and the influence of support group programmes towards uptake of routine immunization in Yobe State. This objective were turn to research question and hypothesis to guide the study, related literature were reviewed. 402 were the population of the study and 380 as the sample, mean and standard were used to answer the research question. Pearson correlation were used to test the hypothesis. The study revealed that sensitization programmes increases, there is a corresponding increase in the uptake of routine immunization among the respondents and support group programmes increase in the uptake of routine immunization in Yobe State. Also conclude that there is an increases acceptance of uptake of routine immunization with the effort of increases sensitization programmes and use of support groups to enhance smooth uptake routine immunization in the study area. Recommend that relevant authorities should ensure that there is continues sensitization programmes and utilization of support groups to enhance uptake of routine immunization.
KEYWORDS: Sensitization, Support Group, Routine Immunization, National Primary Health Care Development Agency.
THE NATURE OF BLACK SILICON NANOSTRUCTURES AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: AN OVERVIEW
SUNDAY DAVID NAJOJI
School of Science and Technology, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, PMB 1006 Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Black silicon, also known as nanostructured silicon or porous silicon, is a material that has gained significant attention due to its unique properties and potential applications. These properties include reduced light reflection, enhanced light absorption, increased signal sensitivity, and cost and size reduction in optical sensors. This paper aims to describe black silicon, its nature, and its fabrication methods. They include reactive ion etching (RIE), laser irradiation (LI), plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII), metal-assisted chemical etching and electrochemical etching. The different methods used in fabricating black silicon have their advantages and disadvantages. It is essential to carefully consider each method’s requirements and limitations to choose the most suitable fabrication technique for a particular application. Black silicon, a material with unique properties, has applications in various fields, such as photodetectors, photovoltaic cells, photo-electrocatalysis, antibacterial surfaces, and sensors. Black silicon technology still faces various challenges and areas of improvement that need to be addressed to unlock its potential fully in fabrication processes, such as novel device structure, extended response spectrum, enhanced understanding of black silicon, and integration with existing technologies.
Keywords: black silicon, nanostructure, fabrication, reflection, photovoltaic.
RESIDENTS’ LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON THE EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION ON RAINFALL PATTERN IN SHIRORO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
ISAAC INNOCENT IKO; AND DR. GARBA INUWA KUTA
Abstract
The study is to evaluate the effects of deforestation on rainfall patterns in Shiroro Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria. The study was guided by four objectives and four corresponding research questions. Among the objectives of the study were to: To examine the land use land cover characteristics in Shiroro LGA, Niger State and to examine the rainfall trend in the study area among others. The primary data type for this study was interview findings from a structured questionnaire designed to collect data from the farmers in the study area. Secondary data used for this study include; population data from National Population Commission. Tools used are ArcGIS 10.5 Software: This was used basically for digitizing the base map among others. Hand held GPS (Garmin): for coordinates of places and ground-truthing. Open Data Kit (ODK) software used for interview. The method of data analysis is based on the following; were the LULC map produced was converted to a feature/polygon map using the conversion tools (“Raster to polygon”) in ArcMap 10.8. Also, the map of the NDVI vegetation index was produced using the red band and the infrared band, and the resulting plot was extended to a DN of 1 to 255. Using ArcGIS 10.8, the rainfall data were transformed into a raster layer by using the “Multidimensional Tools” and “Make NetCDF Raster Layer” features. Then, using “Conversion Tools,” “From Raster,” and “Raster to Point,” the raster layer will be converted to points. The results shows different LC classes, from the same figure, Bare land 1127.7 (m2), Built up 1074.7(m2), Farm land 341.6 (m2) Forest cover 2565.6 (m2) Water body 131.1(m2). Moving northwards, the rainfall increases with each subsequent color band, with the highest rainfall range (1,524.880057 mm to 1,709.125488 mm). The highest annual rainfall recorded was 31,570 mm in the year 2000, the lowest annual rainfall recorded was 12,158 mm in 1999. In the year 2000, the rainfall peaked at 31,570 mm. Other notable peaks include 27,017 mm in 2001, 28,415 mm in 2007, 29,063 mm in 2011, and 27,545 mm in 2018. Lowest Point: The lowest recorded rainfall was in 1998 with 12,158 mm. In conclusion, deforestation the large-scale removal of forests, has profound effects on local, regional, and global environments. One of the critical impacts of deforestation is its influence on rainfall patterns. When forests are removed, the rate of evapotranspiration decreases, resulting in reduced atmospheric moisture and, consequently, diminished rainfall. This effect is particularly pronounced in tropical regions where forests are major contributors to local and regional rainfall patterns. It is therefore recommend that Sustainable Forest Management should be encourage to promote sustainable forest management practices that balance ecological integrity with economic benefits.
ABSTRACT WITHOUT PROCEEDING
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN RELATIONS ON CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE BUILDING: LESSONS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
UGONNA C. NKWUNONWO
Department of Geoinformatics and Surveying, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
Abstract
Climate change is one of the most pressing global issues. Its threats and consequences affect people and places globally. Rapid urbanisation and population growth with predictions of worsened future weather suggest that more research should address the concepts of community adaptation and resilience. Although extensive academics have focused on various aspects of climate change mitigation, many areas have received little attention in climate change adaptation and resilience. Sub-Saharan Africa exemplifies this situation as one of the world’s most challenging places regarding adaptation and resilience to climate change. One apparent reason for this situation is the lack of quality data to produce accurate models, which will increase climate change knowledge among large populations. Other reasons include poor infrastructural development, lack of community participation in developing climate change adaptation policies, and laissez-faire attitudes of political leaders toward climate change governance and investment. Global environmental research has promoted collaborative measures for the adaptation and resilience of communities to climate change. While this applies to various geographical scales (international, regional, national, and local), differences in environmental settings and uncertain political intentions are detrimental to collaborative efforts. This paper describes a study exploring these issues. However, it focuses more on the deeper aspects of the relationship between the constituting countries of sub-Saharan Africa in climate change adaptation and resilience. It reviews the European Flood Directive (Directive-2007/60/EC), a major regional collaboration aimed at identifying lessons, opportunities, and potential issues that may inspire sincere dialogues, data sharing, capacity building, and more scientific enquiry into the enhanced climate change adaptation and resilience of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This scientific enquiry is crucial for significantly contributing to academic discourse on climate change adaptation and resilience.
Keywords: Climate change, sub-Saharan Africa, European Flood Directive, Adaptation, Resilience, Urbanisation, Globalisation
EFFECTS OF SOME VARIABLE FACTORS ON CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER USING SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
*EGBULEFU, C.S., HANIS, B., EZEOFOR, A.O., AJAEGBU, E.C., UZOR, O.S., OLUKOTUN, G.B., AND OWIE, P.A.
National Biotechnology Research and Development agency (NBRDA), Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract
Several agro-wastes end up in landfills in Nigeria. There has been a renewed interest in the recycling of such agricultural waste for value-addition through innovative methods. This process will reduce environmental pollution and generates additional useful products. Corn cob is one of the largest farm-originating underutilized waste nuisances in Nigeria. Despite their high metabolizable sugars, not all microbial strains utilize them in the same way and rates. Cellulase is an industrially important products, essential for human activities. This study aimed to use corn cobs as substrates of cellulase enzyme production, determine the effects of the Aspergillus niger strains, (cellulosic or non-cellulosic) as well as the time of fermentation on the enzyme yields. Cellulosic and non-cellulosic niches were screened for Aspergillus strains. Aliquot 0.1ml of the serially diluted samples were pour-plated on Streptomycin-containing potato dextrose Agar (PDA). The Aspergillus niger obtained were identified by microscopic examination using lactophenol cotton blue staining and then screened in a cellulose-containing medium for their cellulase activity. Strains with the highest zones of clearance were selected for further studies. The enzyme activity of Aspergillus niger strains was from day 2 to the 10th day of fermentation. The highest performance across the strains was on the 6th day by Aspergillus niger RA23, 1.032 U/ml) and the lowest was 0.372 U/ml by Aspergillus niger RA05. Enzyme production was influenced by fermentation time and microbial strain agreeing with previous literatures that fermentation process is strain-dependent. The microbial strain used for bioprocessing has important function in the metabolism and transport of nutrients. Therefore, autochthonous factor needs to be considered in strain selections.
Key words: Cellulase, Enzymes, Corn cobs, Bio-processing, Wastes and Fermentation
RECENT CHANGES IN RAINFALL AND DIURNAL TEMPERATURES IN SELECTED CITIES IN TROPICAL MONSOON AND TROPICAL SAVANNA CLIMATIC ZONES OF SOUTHERN NIGERIA
ERNEST BENJAMIN IKECHUKWU UGWU
Natural Science Unit/Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Abstract:
Statistical approach is used to analyze trends of rainfall and diurnal temperatures in Southern Nigeria. Daily data from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Abuja from 2000 to 2019 in five stations are analyzed. XLSTAT software is employed in generating the Mann-Kendall (MK) trends for rainfall, diurnal temperature range (DTR) and, in plotting graphs. The results show that annual rainfall amount is on increasing trend in all the stations with the lowest increase of 1.2 mm/year in Owerri to 11.46 mm per year in Ibadan. The increasing annual trends, even though insignificant in all the stations except in Ikeja, is enough to cause negative impacts on the environment. In addition, diurnal temperatures are in anti-correspondence with rainfall amount.
Keywords: rainfall, diurnal temperatures, cities, tropical monsoon, tropical savanna climatic zones, Southern Nigeria
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION DIMENSIONS AND INCOME GENERATION OF MULTIPURPOSE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
- RAHMAN MUSTAPHA 1; ABDULWAHEED OLAJIDE OMOTOSHO 2; DR. ZEKERI ABU3; DR. ABDULAZEEZ ALHAJI SALAU 4; AND DR. KAMAL LANRE AKANBI 5
1 Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University Malete, Nigeria. 2 Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University Malete, Nigeria 3Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University Malete, Nigeria. 4 Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University Malete, Nigeria. 5Department of Business and Entrepreneurship, Kwara State University, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Co-operative societies are regarded as a business model with capability to provide economic and social sustainability. Despite their significance, the co-operative societies have been marred with several challenges such as loan delinquency, getting loans over their maximum credit limit (MCL ) which hinder their performance. This paper therefore aimed to examined how entrepreneurial orientation dimensions affect the income generation capacity of multipurpose co-operative societies. A sample size of 380 respondents were drawn from 12,671 population registered secondary cooperative societies in North central Nigeria. Questionnaire were administered to the target respondents, while multiple regression was used in the analysis. Descriptive analysis indicated that entrepreneurial orientation dimensions measured were evenly distributed. Therefore, the result of multiple regression analysis indicated that there is significant positive influence between entrepreneurial orientation determinants (innovative capacity. with β=0.132, t-value=2.483 and p-value=0.013; pro-activeness with β=0.372, t-value=6.329 and p-value=0.000 and performance of the antecedents of cooperative society (which is measured by income generation (IG). The study found that one out of two proposed null hypotheses have significant impact on the income generation of cooperative societies. These findings showed that entrepreneurial orientation play an essential role through innovative capacity and pro-activeness, and it has significant influence on the income generation of cooperative societies. The study concluded that cooperative societies improve growth of income generation through entrepreneurial orientation which help their members in the area of investment decision as well as avoid loan delinquency. It was recommended that cooperative societies should focuses on Innovative capacity to ensure income generation, and more emphases should have laid on pro-activeness.
Key word: Entrepreneurial orientation, cooperative society, innovative capacity, income generation, pro-activeness.
SUBSTITUTIVE APPLICATION OF AFRICAN GAINT SNAIL SHELL IN PORCELAIN FOR INSULATION ENHANCEMENT
*EMENIRU DANIEL C.; & **OGORO ZINO BRIGHT
*Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Oil and Gas Ekowe, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. **Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Oil and Gas Ekowe, Bayelsa state, Nigeria
Abstract
The shell of the African giant snail was considered as an additive material in the porcelain glaze applicable as electrical support and insulation. The materials for the glaze mix: Kaolin, Ball clay, Feldspar and Quartz, except the snail shell, were sourced commercially. The snail shell was sourced from local food vendors of snail delicacies and processed: washed, dried, granulated, demineralized, dried and pulverized; then characterized for chemical composition using X-ray Florescence (XRF). Two samples of porcelain were made: sample A, produced using the conventional materials; and sample B, produced using snail shell as substitute and additive for Ball clay and feldspar respectively. Analyzed for physico-electrical properties; comparison with commercial specifications: sample B showed low shrinkage and improved modulus of rapture indicative of hardness, mechanical strength, and resilient to shock and stress. The Dielectric constant values of both samples was less than 12, indicating low charge storage, thus conforming to electrical resistance and ascertaining the samples as good insulators. The higher Breakdown voltage of porcelain sample B compare with sample A was indicative of higher dielectric strength and a better resistance to electric current flow. The use of Snail Shell as additive in the production of porcelain for electrical application will enhance the mechanical strength as well as the viability of the porcelain’s electrical insulating potency.
Key words: Snail Shell, Porcelain, Glaze, Insulation, Electrical properties
OCCURRENCE OF MOLDS (FUNGI) IN INDOOR TISSUE CULTURE LABORATORIES
EZEOFOR A. O.; HASSAN, S. A.; ABDUL-HADI, J.S.; IWEAJUNWA, S.O; ONWUZULUIKE, A. N.; ODII – AKPA C. V.; & SALITH, H. S.
National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency (NBRDA), Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract
Laboratory indoor environments play important roles in human health and laboratory experiments. Contamination wastes time and resources as well as posing serious risks to human health due to toxicity. Fungi (molds), like other microorganisms are ubiquitous in distribution and in complexity towards causing human diseases. However, the awareness of the number and nature of molds in any giving laboratory per time will help to better strategize their control mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate some tissue culture laboratory surfaces and indoor air for fungal contamination in some selected Laboratories in the Federal Capital territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria. Using swab and air sampling procedures, fungi were isolated from plantlets, tables, wall and the air of the laboratory rooms of fifteen tissue culture laboratories and cultured on Streptomycin-supplemented Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The discrete colonies that developed were identified using morphological and microscopical characterization. The fungal species isolated from these laboratories include; Aspergillus niger, Alterneria sp., Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium sp., Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. and Geotrichum sp. The results shown that most of the laboratories were highly contaminated and that Aspergillus was the predominant fungal genera and A. niger recorded the highest occurence. Since using plant tissue culture techniques holds promise in substantially augmenting the number of novel cultivars and genotypes of many fruit crops, adhering to standard operating procedures is highly recommended in the studied areas and Nigeria as a whole.
Key words: Tissue culture, Contamination, Molds, Aspergillus, Indoor and human health