29TH Multidisciplinary Academic Conference on African Creativity Towards Development Goals: Multidisciplinary Approach (FULOKOJA, 2024)

THEME: ADVANCING AFRICAN CREATIVITY TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

DATE: 29^th – 31^st JANUARY, 2024

VENUE: FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, LOKOJA, KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

ORGANIZER: HUMMINGBIRD PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

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CONFERENCE ABSTRACT:

HYBRID DNA CRYPTOGRAPHY APPROACH FOR SECURE DATA TRANSMISSION IN AN IOT-ENABLED HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: A REVIEW.

MUBARAK ILIYASU, A. E.; & OKEYINKA, RABI’U IDRIS

Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai Niger State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The world is shifting daily toward online services, which increases the value of data and the pace at which it is sent. Data security is thus becoming more and more crucial. In this research, a safe data encryption and concealment technique based on steganography and DNA cryptography is proposed. Our method leverages DNA’s enormous capacity and ease of use to secure a wide range of data types for encryption and data concealing procedures. We suggest a two-phase approach. Using Huffman coding and DNA bases, the data is encrypted in the first stage. Using a substitution method, the encrypted data is concealed into a DNA sequence in the second stage. Our suggested approach maintains biological functioning while being blind. The outcome displays a respectable cracking probability together with a somewhat higher capacity. The majority of the restrictions found in the linked publications have been removed by our suggested approach. Sensitive data may benefit from a second layer of protection, thanks to our hybrid method.

Index Terms—Keywords: Huffman Coding, Caesar Cipher, Hybrid Encryption, DNA Cryptography, and DNA Steganography.

GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SUNTI TROPICAL CLAY DEPOSI

MUHAMMAD, M.B.; ALHASSAN, M; & ALHAJI, M. M.

Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the index, geotechnical, chemical properties of clay deposit in Sunti area of Niger state. Soil samples for this study are dark brownish soils, collected from five different locations in the Sunti area and where clasified as A-4, A-6, A-6, A-7-6, and A-4 respectively according to American Association of Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) soil classification system. According to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), sample M1 is classified as silty clay with sand (CL-ML), samples M2, M3 and M5 are inorganic clay of low to medium plasticity (CL), and M4 is classified as clayey sand (SC). The presence of organic matter and a decent CEC indicates good soil health, promoting microbial activity and nutrient availability but make it unsuitable for civil engineering work. CEC values of soil samples taken from different locations indicates that illite is the main mineral in clay deposit found in Sunti area. Soil samples M3 and M4 have tendency to pose challenges in construction. CBR values for soaked and unsoaked conditions failed to meet the requirements for subgrade material, according to FMWH (1997) recommends a CBR value of not less than 10% for subgrade soils. Samples M3, M4, and M5, with higher coefficient of consolidation (Cv) values, are expected to consolidate more rapidly compared to samples M1 and M2. This implies that the settlement process might occur faster in samples M3, M4, and M5. The sample properties vary significantly in terms of cohesion, angle of internal friction, and shear resistance. Samples with higher cohesion and greater angles of internal friction exhibit higher resistance to shear stress, indicating stronger soil stability.

Keynotes: Black clay soil, Index analysis, characterization, Consolidation & Shear Strength Parameter

USERS’ PERCEPTION ON VISUAL ENHANCEMENT FEATURES IN HERITAGE MUSEUMS IN NIGERIA

OMILOLA I.T¹AND LAWAL L.A²

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State.

ABSTRACT

Museums serve as links between the past and present serving as symbolic monuments for the preservation of culture, including past and contemporary history. They are essential to the preservation and presentation of the tangible and intangible aspects of a country’s or community’s cultural heritage. Research about heritage museums has primarily focused on values of historical artifacts, but the creative and aesthetic aspects of the museum in terms of ambiance such as lighting, spatial and interior design have been scant. This undervaluing of these aspects may lead to a decreased appreciation and understanding of artifacts, undervalued engagement, and a less than ideal visitors’ experience. The aim of this study is to assess visitors’ perceptions of visual enhancement features on the users’ overall experiences. The study utilised a survey questionnaire methodology, gathering data from 212 participants using an-online Google Forms platform. The result of the study demonstrated the importance of well-balanced lighting, carefully designed interior choices and a well-organised spatial layout in providing visitors with a visually appealing and captivating museum experience.

Keywords: heritage, interior-design, lighting, museum, visual-enhancement.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGILE PRODUCTIVITY METRICS OF INDIVIDUAL EXPERT JAVASCRIPT DEVELOPERS FOR SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGERS

*ABDULGAFAR, A¹, MAKINDE, J,K², AJIBOYE, J.A³, AJIBOYE, M.A⁴

^1,2Department of Project Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. ³Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. ⁴Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC), ICT Department, Niger Regional Office, Minna, Nigeria.

Abstract

Software Project Managers require metrics to measure productivity in team work. Since agile software development require continuous improvement, metrics helps in identifying bottlenecks and inefficiencies thereby enabling teams to refine their processes iteratively. Productivity metrics also helps in effective resource allocation and optimization to ensure timely delivery of software products by Software Project Managers. Although metrics have been developed for traditional software programmers little work has been done in developing metrics for Agile Software Project Managers specifically for JavaScript Program. In this work, metrics for Individual Expert agile software programmers and specifically for JavaScript was developed. Programs in JavaScript was designed and developed to record the time spent in correcting deliberate errors introduced. Experiment was conducted among one hundred programmers’ group of Individual Expert pairs with the aim of recording time spent in debugging the codes. The curve fit regression models of time spent in debugging a number of bugs in agile software written in JavaScript programming language for project managers revealed that Cubic model had the highest R squared value of 0.996 which is closely followed by the quadratic model with a value of 0.980 while the compound, growth and exponential models have the least value of 0.868.

Keywords: Agile, Metrics, Debugging,

SPEED-BASED RELAY SELECTION IN VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE (V2V): A REVIE

ABDULSALAM ONIMISI MUSA; NATHANIEL SALAWU; & ABUBAKAR SADDIQ MOHAMMED

Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State

Abstract

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication holds immense potential for improving road safety and traffic efficiency by enabling information exchange between vehicles. However, reliable data transmission in dynamic traffic environments poses significant challenges. This study explores speed-based relay selection as a novel approach to enhance V2V performance. In contrast to traditional methods focusing on signal strength or distance, this approach prioritizes faster vehicles as relays, aiming to reduce latency and improve reliability. While promising, speed-based selection faces challenges like accurate speed estimation, temporal variability, and scalability. Future research directions include advanced speed estimation techniques, adaptive selection strategies, robust security and privacy mechanisms, scalable algorithms, and energy-efficient protocols. By addressing these challenges and actively pursuing further research, speed-based relay selection can revolutionize V2V communication, paving the way for a safer and more efficient future of transportation.

Keywords: V2V communication, Device-to-Device (D2D, Speed-Based Relay Selection

SECONDARY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS’ AWARENESS AND PREFERENCE OF USING SMART BUILDING’S SECURITY FEATURES FOR SAFE SCHOOL INITIATIVE MANAGEMENT IN MINNA, NIGERIA

SALAWU NENE MARY; & AGBO ADAKOLE EDWIN

Department of Building Technology, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

Effective security of lives and properties in an educational institution is an important task that can affect the effectiveness and relevance of service delivery. This study investigated secondary school administrators’ awareness and preference level of using smart building’s security features for safe school initiative management in Minna, Nigeria. The intension of this research is to investigate the extent of secondary school administrators’ level of familiarity and preference for adopting smart building security features for school safety management in Nigeria. To achieve the aim of the research, questionnaires were served to 20 registered and regulated secondary schools in Minna. The targeted respondents were drawn from both public and private schools with two school administrators selected per school for the best opinion coverage making a total of 40 questionnaires administered in all. The process of selecting the schools follows a systematic procedure (Balloting) which supports random sampling of the schools in the targeted geographical area of the research. The data obtained were analysed based on frequency distribution and percentages rating. The result obtained shows that 35% of the respondents agreed that, they have very high awareness level of using video surveillance also known as Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) as smart building security feature for safe school initiative management while 22.5% of the respondents agreed that, they have very low awareness level about the use of CCTV for the same purpose. In addition, the result analysis also shows that the most preferred smart building security features for safe school initiative management is the Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) system with 47.5% of the respondents rating it very high. On the contrary, 17.5% of the respondents agreed that, they have a very low preference level about the use of UPS system for the same aim. It is therefore recommended that more efforts should be deployed towards ensuring uninterrupted power supply in secondary schools for effective safe school initiative management by the school administrators since most of the highly aware smart building security features by the respondents cannot function efficiently without constant power supply.

Keywords: Smart building, Smart building Security features, School Administrators, Safe school initiative, secondary school

EFFECTS OF MILLET HUSK ASH – NANO SILICA PARTICLES ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

I. NDAKO; T.O. ALAO; E. B. OGUNBODE; & C. M. ONOGWU

Department of Building, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Nigeria

Abstract

In construction, one of the most frequently used materials is concrete, which meets the production of about 27.3 billion tons annually by 2015. Generally concrete is comprised of cement, water and aggregates (Fine and Coarse aggregates) in a measured quantity. It is used globally in a massive amount when compared with the other building materials like steel, wood, plastic etc., an enormous consumption of concrete results in increased demand for the cement thereby increasing its production. Cementitious composite materials made from Portland cement find its far-reaching applications in construction domain. In this modern era, the industrial growth and technological development put forth the requirement for colossal infrastructure. This results in the production of cement in the huge quantities. An immense production of cement has numerous environmental effects due to the emission of hazardous pollutants like particulates and greenhouse gases. In recent times, some researchers developed the aggregates from industrial by-products and agricultural waste which is incorporated to cement-based materials to attain the sustainability. By proportionating the cement with materials having smaller sized particles can influence the physical and chemical properties ending in betterment of pore structures. It has been proven that incorporation of Nano-sized cementitious material has its impacts on the performance of the structure due to its high volume to the surface area. This study thereby is a report of attempt at utilizing Millet husk ash (MHA) as SCM in concrete. This article presents results on 28^th day compressive, Flexural and tensile splitting strength of concrete mixtures for 100 mm concrete cubes, 100mm x 500mm concrete Beam and 100mm diameter x 200mm. curing of specimens was done by immersion in water for 7, 21 and days.

Keywords: Millet husk ash (MHA), Nano-Silica, Portland Cement and green gas emission

ASSESSING THE FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON SHOP RENTAL PERFORMANCE IN ABUJA FROM 2015 TO 2022

FRANK TAKUMA DAN-DUNJI; ETSU MOHAMMED MANKO; & PROF. M.T.A. AJAYI

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Serving investors and boosting a nation’s economy, are crucial functions of the real estate industry. How these two functions relate has a direct effect on both the economy and industry, hence this study. Abuja having a high-yield real estate market, rental values for eight years (2015-2022) were adopted as dependent variables across Wuse, Garki, CBD and Utako in Abuja, also exchange rates and interest rates served as independent variables (economy indices). Data was analysed using simple linear regression technique. The study showed interest rate has a weak negative relationship to the rental value, as exchange rate showed a strong positive relationship and effect on rental values. This study renews investors’ confidence in the real estate industry as it shows investing in real estate has better returns than savings accounts also that real estate investments would serve as a hedge against irregular foreign currency growth/decline.

Keywords: Inter-Bank Dollar Exchange Rate, Deposit Interest Rate, Economic Growth, Rental Value, Rental Performance

DETERMINATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH POTATO SPOILAGE: A REVIEW PAPER

MAINA MOHAMMED IDRISS¹, FATIMA MOHAMMED MAINA²

¹Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic, Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria. ²Federal University of Health Sciences, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Food security is the most important and valuable sector in the world. As such this work reviewed the most challenging problems associated with potato production. Fungi associated with spoilage of Irish potato tubers were investigated and isolated. The following fungi; Alternata Alternaria, Aspergillus candidus, A. fumigatoides, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. oryzae, A. terreus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botrytis cinerea, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium herbarum, Currularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporium, F. roseolum, F. solani-tuberosi, Mortierella wolfii, Mucor pusillus, Myceliopthora thermophila, R. stolonifer, Rhizophus oryzae, Pennicilium chrysogenum, Paecilmyces variotii, Rhizopus nigricans, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Trichothecium roseum and Ulacladium chartarum were isolated from rotted tubers. Rhizopus stolonifer has the highest percentage occurrence followed by Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata has the least percentage frequency. The pathogenicity test revealed that R. stolonifer is the most virulent followed by F. oxysporum while M. racemosus is the least virulent fungus. The use of good storage facilities, adequate control measures and improved Irish potato varieties should be encouraged in order to reduce spoilage of stored Irish potato tubers. By so doing food security in the world will not only Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa will be a forgotten issue.

Keywords: Potato tubers, fungi, storage, rots, markets, prevention, challenging, security

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MUCUNA PRURIENS (VELVET BEANS) FRUIT COAT ON SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND BACTERIA

DENNIS D. YAKUBU & CHRYSANTOS LAGI

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Isa Mustapha Agwai 1 Polytechnic Lafia, Nasarawa State

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial activity of Mucuna pruriens (velvet beans) fruit coat on some selected fungi and bacteria. The aim was to determine the antimicrobial properties of Velvet Beans fruit coat extracts against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The fruit coat was collected from the plant, air-dried under shade till dryness and was extracted using maceration technique with ethanol and sterile distilled water as solvents. The extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using paper disc diffusion method for bacteria and mycelia development for fungi isolates on Muller Hilton agar and potato dextrose agar respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) were also evaluated using broth dilution technique. The findings reveal that aqueous extracts exhibited higher antimicrobial activity, notably against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with varying inhibition zone diameters (IZD) ranging from 6mm- 14mm and 10mm-19mm respectively. In contrast, ethanol extracts demonstrated limited effectiveness with IZD of 6mm against S’, aureus. Similarly, mean inhibition percentage of the antifungal activity revealed that with aqueous extract, A. flavus, inhibition ranged from 22.4% at 100% concentration to 0.0% at 15% concentration, while for C. albicans, inhibition was 19.6% at 100% concentration and 0.0% at 15% concentration. Conversely, ethanol extracts exhibited lower inhibition, with A. flavus inhibition ranging from 15.5% at 100% concentration to 0.0% at lower concentrations, and no inhibition observed against C. albicans, maintaining mean PI values at 0.0% across concentrations. MIC and MBC/MFC values supported agent-specific and concentration-dependent effects. These findings emphasize the significance of solvent choice and concentration in shaping antimicrobial potential. Recommendations include further research on underlying mechanisms, clinical applications, and collaborative initiatives among researchers and medical professionals.

Keywords: Mucuna pruriens, Velvet Beans, Fruit coat, antimicrobial activity, Inhibition zone diameter (IZD).

DRUGGABILITY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF ESSENTIAL SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAF AGAINST ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME-2: COVID-19 IN FOCUS

PAUL CHIJIOKE OZIOKO; UKAMAKA OWOHETETE; & DANIEL DANLADI GAIYA

Biology Unit, Faculty of Science, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest, be it financial or otherwise

ABSTRACT:

This study seeks to explore the in-silico druggability and molecular docking of essential secondary metabolites (ESMs) from A. indica leaf as potential inhibitors of angiotenesin converting enzyme (ACE-2), a main receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Through literature survey and database mining of known unique compounds from A. indica in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, 11 secondary metabolites and 5 FDA COVID-19 approved drugs were identified. The in-silico druggability and molecular docking experiments were performed using SwissADME tool, ADMETlab tool, Autodock vina and UCSF Chimera and Biovia Discovery Studio for visualization and ligand interactions. The obtained results suggest potential candidates for further considerations. Of the 11 secondary metabolites from A. indica and 5 FDA approved drugs identified, azadirachtin A, azadirachtin D, azadirachtin H, azadirachtin F, azadirachtin I and nimbolin, and ivermectin showed relatively poor druggability. Similarly after docking, of the 5 FDA approved drug for treatment of covid-19 under investigation, only paritaprevir was able to dock (representing 20%); while 6 out of the 12 compounds from A. indica were able to dock perfectly (representing 50%).The best docking results identified paritaprevir, desacetylnimbin, azadiradion, nimbin, nimbolide, nimbinene, and azadirone as capable of binding to ACE-2 with the lowest free energy (binding score) of -14.60, -11.88, -11.60, -12.33, -12.78, -12.58, and -11.40 kcal/mol respectively. Conclusion: In overall, this study presents a valuable contribution to the growing body of research in the identification of natural bioactive compounds capable of targeting ACE-2 as a potential therapeutics against the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19.

Keywords: A. indica, druggability, SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin converting enzyme-2, molecular docking, ligands

PRIVACY PRESERVATION OF HEALTH RECORDS USING COUNTER MODE ENCRYPTON WITH ENHANCED REVEST SHAMIR ADLEMAN ALGORITHM

AISHA UMAR MUSA, A.E OKEYINKA, ADAMU A. ISAH,

Department Of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai Niger State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Healthcare providers process large volumes of Protected Health Information (PHI), which demand secure storage, handling, and transmission to maintain their integrity, confidentiality, and availability. The objective of this research is to explore the privacy preservation of medical healthcare records using RSA and CTR mode algorithm. This study evaluates the challenges related to healthcare data protection and explores how RSA and CTR mode algorithm can address these challenges, a suitable environment has been created for illegal or criminal activities. This includes cyber theft, stealing or modifying medical files or content for personal or commercial gain. however, this rapid growth in information theft as lead to the development of many encryption mechanism and schemes to protect user (patient) privacy and access control to confidential medical information. An integrated encryption algorithm (Counter CTR mode and RSA) is used to develop a robust, fast, large data capacity and secure system. This is essential for privacy preservation and access control. The propose approach has demonstrated better result in terms of encryption decryption speed, throughput and key length.

Keywords: Cryptography, Cyber, Count CTR, RSA.

EVENT MARKETING AND BRAND AWARENESS BUILDING FOR REGAL DRY GIN AMONG ALCOHOL CONSUMERS IN ABEOKUTA METROPOLIS

ABATI MOBOLAJI OLUWASEUN (Ph.D.); & KAREEM GANIY AJIBOLA

Department of Mass Communication, Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State.

ABSTRACT

This study examined Event Marketing and Brand awareness building of Regal Dry Gin among alcohol consumers in Abeokuta metropolis. The study’s goal was to determine how event marketing and brand awareness building assist Regal Dry Gin among alcohol consumers. As part of theoretical research, commitment Trust Theory was examined. The study used a survey method and created a questionnaire to collect data from chosen respondents within Abeokuta metropolis. The 6,379,500 Ogun state’s projected population made up the study’s population, of which 210 were chosen using stratified sampling and purposive sampling procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, a frequency table, and a straightforward percentage. The result 72% showed that presence of brand ambassadors influenced respondents’ perception of Regal Dry Gin negatively. Findings also revealed that 67% belief Regal Dry Gin’s event marketing activities were did not promote the brand effectively. The study concluded that unfortunately, Regal Dry Gin event marketing does not create expected brand awareness for alcohol consumers. It was recommended that to improve online presence, there is need to combine digital marketing techniques with event marketing in order to utilise online resources and social media platforms to increase event visibility and audience engagement.

Keywords: Event Marketing, Brand awareness, Alcohol Consumers

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE AGED AS A VULNERABLE GROUP

MUSLIM NASIRUDEEN ADE Esq.

The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Oyo State

Abstract

Climate change has drawn attention globally owing to the effects it exacts on the world at large; everything and everyone feels its impact. Crops, environment and humans feel the impacts of climate change alike. Natural and human agents have been identified as being responsible for climate change. The paper examined the impact of climate change on the older ones. The various causes have resulted in deforestation, food crises, water scarcity or contamination, among others. The paper relied on secondary data such as journals, online materials, reports, to discuss the concept of climate change and its impacts on the older ones. It concluded that climate change affects the elders and reduces their lifespan. The paper recommended proper measures to curb and control climate change.

Keywords: climate change, deforestation, natural, human, impacts

DUAL BAND MILLIMETER-WAVE PATCH ANTENNA USING GALINSTAN METAL ALLOY FOR 5G APPLICATION.

IBRAHIM ABUBAKAR¹; A. D. USMAN²; AND SURAJO MUHAMMAD³.

¹Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic. ^2,3Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

ABSTRACT

The advancement in micro-electronics has led to the evolution of smart Internet-of-things (IoT) devices that are very small in nature. So also, these devices are pre-installed with data hungry applications that leads to demand for multigigabit per second applications that needs high data rate communication. Moreover, some of these devices serve flexible applications like military, wearable devices and medical electronics and so on. Millimeter-wave 5G has emerged as a potential solution to take care of the ever increasing demand for high data rate communication. Therefore, antenna design to adapt to the emerging 5G technology should not be over exaggerated. In this paper, a dual band microstrip patch antenna using Galinstan metal alloy for 5G applications is presented. Using the computer simulation software (CST) microwave studio, the design utilizes the use of Rogers RT/Duroid 5880LZ of 0.707mm thickness as substrate material. The design has achieved a return loss of -44.03 dB at a frequency of 15.5 GHz at the lower band gain, directivity and bandwidth of 8.7 dB, 12 dBi and 4.33 GHz respectively. The second band has resonation at 33.72GHz (30 GHz band) with a return loss of -29.67 achieving gain, directivity and bandwidth of 12.4 dB, 12 dBi and 9.3 GHz respectively.

Key words: Millimeter-wave (mm-wave), 5G Internet of Things (IoT)

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND POLICY IMPLEMENTATION FAILURES IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR POSITIVE CHANGE

OKOH, KELECHI

Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas Ekowe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The study examines Millennium Development Goals in Nigerian (MDGs); it seeks to: explore how policy implementation failures has affected MDGs in Nigeria, critically consider the challenges faced by MDGs in Nigeria, and, examine the prospects for MDGs to positively change Nigeria. The study uses System Theory approach as its theoretical framework. Key suggestion of system theory indicates that a system is made up of many parts or subsystem. Nigeria for example is made up of States, Local Governments and communities among others. The study essentially adopts expository approach. The results of the study indicate that policy implementation failures affected MDGs in Nigeria particularly in the area of late start among others. The results also reveal that funding, corruption and absence of verifiable baseline data were among the challenges faced by MDGs in Nigeria. It is noted that the experiences from the MDGs can spur Nigeria to positively change. The study therefore concludes that a lot of action was needed for sustainable developmental goals in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended that; Federal Government should set up a national implementation council that will ensure that expected results from a developmental policy is achieved through policy continuity; proactive measure should be put in place by the government to ensure early commencement of implementation for subsequent phase of developmental goals; and that, the lessons, successes and challenges from the MDGs should be positively used for the benefit of Nigeria and the world at large, among others.

Keywords: Implementation, Millennium Development Goals, Nigeria, Poverty, Targets.

THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM ON ELECTRONIC RECORD MANAGEMENT

¹ABDULRAZAK NUHU ²ABDULHAMID ISAH, & ³HABU JINGI UMAR

¹Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Mubi. ²Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Mubi. ³Department of Office Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic Mubi

Abstract

Information system is a managerial decision making tool that the companies use for their business operations. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of information system on electronic record management. The study analyzes 129 employees of Industrial Training Fund in Adamawa state. Questionnaire was used for gathering the related data. The time As a result, the paper shows inform system has significant impact on electronic record system according to different indicators. The implications of the paper can be used for guiding the researchers about the related field. The study recommends that there is need for adequate sensitization of management on the role of information systems in electronic record management procedures.

ABSTRACT NO.2

BARRIERS AND DRIVERS OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT COST OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING PROJECTS IN BAYELSA STATE

ISAH, ALHASSAN MOHAMMED; MOHAMMED, YAKUBU DANASABE; & SHITTU, ABDULLATEEF ADEWALE

Department of Quantity Surveying, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Most of the construction industry’s safety management costs (SMCs) are set lower than the actual budget required especially for high-rise buildings. Therefore, the budget estimated for safety measures in the construction of high-rise buildings are not accurate, resulting to higher rate of risks of accident and fatalities on site. In view of this, this study assessed the barriers and divers for the accuracy of estimation of safety management cost for high-rise building projects in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. The study employed the use of quantitative research approach with the aid of questionnaire survey to obtain data from 72 out of 84 construction professionals who are actively involved in site activities of high-rise building projects and are experienced in construction site safety management. Analysis of data was undertaken using Mean Item Score (MIS). Findings from the study indicates that “Communications”, “Management’s Credibility” and “Employee involvement and participation” are the most important basic parameters for measuring safety management cost for high-rise building projects. It was shown that the most important barriers to the accuracy of estimation of safety management cost for high-rise building projects are “Availability of health and safety plan before commencement of design/construction project”, “Economic pressure”, “Lack of consideration for safety during design” and “Lack of communication among the various departments”. Also, the most effective drivers for enhancing the accuracy of estimation of safety management cost for high-rise building projects are “Clear and reasonable safety goals”, “Design Firm Engagement” and “Management support/Top Management Involvement”. In conclusion, for an accurate and sufficient safety management cost early consideration of safety cost before the commencement of design and construction is very vital. The study therefore recommends that there should be a provision of safety education and training for workers and proper understanding of occupational health and safety policies and programs to the government and society.

Keywords: Building Projects, High-Rise, Safety Management Cost.

ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CLAY BRICK COLUMN FOR USE IN DUPLEX BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

AGBAJE OYEBAMIJI ISMAILA; MUSTAPHA MOHAMMED ALHAJI; AND MUSA ALHASSAN

Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

Abstract

A study was conducted on an innovative fired clay brick molded with clay collected from Niger State Polytechnics Zungeru, Niger State, which was classified under clay of low plasticity (CL) based on Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and is proposed as replacement for reinforced concrete column in duplex buildings. The clay was molded to design specification which consists of grooves at the four edges for reinforcement and a bigger groove in the center for concrete. Ten (10) samples each of the fired clay brick, fired clay brick filled with concrete and fired clay brick filled with concrete and reinforcement were collected from Shelter Clay Company at Poggo along Minna-Abuja road. All The samples were tested for compression test. The result showed that the average compressive strength of the fired clay brick, fired clay brick filled with concrete and fired clay brick filled with concrete and reinforcement are 6.75, 11.2 and 15.7N/mm² respectively. The mold filled with concrete and reinforcement can therefore be used to replace reinforced concrete column in duplex buildings thereby reducing the volume of concrete in columns.

Keywords: Fired clay brick column, affordable housing, microstructural analysis, X-ray Diffraction test, X-ray fluorescence test

EFFECT OF MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION ON THE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAY FOUND IN LOKOJA

T.S. AIYEETAN; B.A. ABBAS; & A.M. MUSTAPHA

Department of Civil Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Processing and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

Abstract

Clay soils are commonly found in various regions around the world and play a significant role in geotechnical engineering projects. This paper aims to investigate the effect of clay soil mineralogy on geotechnical properties. Clay soil samples were collected from three different locations around Lokoja, Kogi State, North Central Nigeria and tests carried out on the samples includes X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Specific Gravity, Natural Moisture Content (NMC), index properties (sieve analysis, liquid limit and plastic limit), Universal Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). From the results, the major minerals in each of the three samples are rutile, muscovite and crystobalite respectively, the natural moisture content ranged from 10.8 to 19 percent while the specific gravity of the sample is between 2.48 and 2.55. Test results also showed that the clays have high plasticity index, averaging 19.1%, and a moderate average liquid limit of 38.70%. For the strength properties, the universal compressive strength (UCS) test shows very low values ranging from 242kN/m² to 379kN/m² and low CBR values indicating that the soils are very poor for pavement construction. The clay minerals have poor geotechnical properties but may possess significant economic values.

Keywords: clay minerals, plasticity, geotechnical, x-ray diffraction

STATE OF THE ART ON PATH LOSS MODEL DEVELOPMENT

IBUKUN ADEREMI ADEYEMI; JONATHAN GANA KOLO; & JOHNSON ADEGBENGA AJIBOYE

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

This is a study of path loss prediction modelling. Path loss modelling is widely applied in determining mobile wireless signal propagation in a given environment. This helps radio network planners to have an accurate view of requirements to obtain good quality of service when deploying radio networks. The empirical models are exhaustively analysed and compared with the emerging machine learning models. Also, mention is made of RIS models which are beginning to gather some attention due to their focus on the programmable electromagnetic properties. The study was able to establish empirical models as the most simple and efficient method of path loss prediction models. Attention is paid to the application of these models in both 900MHz and 1800MHz in urban, suburban and rural areas. This is due to the wide application of these frequencies in mobile wireless communication. The machine learning models present better results and give a high level of accuracy for diverse environments. However, they require large volume of data and environmental features extraction at both 2D and 3D to get reliable model. This makes it imperative to carry out field measurement tasks that are basically synonymous with methodologies employed in empirical approach to modelling. The variation in vegetation determines the best fit model for each particular case as well as the derivation of path loss exponent. The RIS modelling approach gives positive views especially at higher frequencies. The tuneable properties of the surfaces give a wide berth in application across different frequency spectrum. Complex and large volume of computation required in use of RIS implies that machine learning models, especially deep learning models will be better off incorporated into the process. It is thus beneficial to the researcher to ensure that a good grasp of the different approaches highlighted is obtained such that the benefits available are merged to produce finer results.

Keywords: Wireless communication, Pathloss models, traditional model, machine learning model, RIS

ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRIME IN THE BANKING SECTOR, REFERENCE TO FIRST BANK PLC ABAJI BRANCH

NWANERI CONSTANCE L.O.; DR. CHIJOKE EGWU (Ph.D); & ARETHA REKIYA SAMUEL (Ph.D)

Department of Sociology/Criminology and Security Studies, Faculty of Social-Sciences, University of Jos, Jos-Plateau State

Abstract:

This paper emphasizes the assessment of socio-economic crime in the banking sector with particular reference to First Bank Plc, Abaji Branch, Abuja, as one of the segment in crime in the society. It maintains its view of what constitutes criminal behaviours in the banking sector. It is important to note that this diversity of thought is unique to criminology. Before and after exposing selected number of people in Abaji Area Council to assess the socio-economic problem in the First Bank. The investigation centred on the extent to which electronic banking affect the customer and the associated risk. It also compares the positive and negative effects of electronic banking system. The analysis of the research work involves the nature and type of risk associated with electronic banking system. Based on the perpetual encounter with socio-economic crime in the banking sector, the study recommends that electronic banking can provide number of benefits for customers and as well as business opportunities. It also emphasizes the need for the use of multifactor authentication, the application of internet infrastructure, security monitoring policies and techniques and technological update.

Key word: Socio-economic crime, electronic banking system, internet infrastructure, Risk, Security monitoring policies.

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE COLLABORATION BETWEEN UNIVERSITY AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

EJE DORIS OMONOGWU; & AKA ADEFEMI

Department of Building, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

As the global landscape of higher education and industry undergoes dynamic transformations, the synergy between universities and the construction industry emerges as a critical avenue for sustainable development. This study delves into the multifaceted dimensions of University-Construction Industry Collaboration (UCIC) and its implications for the academic and construction sectors. This study investigates the existing and critical success factors for sustainable collaboration between University and Construction industry in Government Universities of Technologies in Nigeria, employing quantitative research methodology, purposive sampling was used to select participants from construction related department with relevant expertise. To achieve the aim of this study Questionaires were administered to a total of 103 participants who are staff members holding positions as heads of departments, senior lecturers, or professors who were both available and willing to participate in the research, from three top Universities of Technologies using webometric 2023 ranking(FUT Minna, FUT Akure, and FUT Owerri). The result were analysed using statistical tools such as Cronbach’s alpha (α) to assess internal consistency, standard deviation (SD) for measuring the dispersion of data, Mean score and ANOVA analysis for comparing means among different groups and Anova Analysis. Major findings of this study revealed that the underlying determinant factors contributing to successful collaboration between universities and the construction industry in Nigeria encompass crucial elements such as access to essential resources (manpower, new knowledge, and facilities) within both the university and construction industry(MIS 4.72), the establishment of conducive learning environments(4.65), generation of revenues through mutual engagement(4.62), and an increase in the number of registered patents, patent applications, and intellectual property licenses(4.34). The paper elucidates key determinants and success factors shaping effective collaboration, offering insights that contribute to the ongoing discourse on UCIC. We envision our research fostering collaborative ecosystem benefiting academia, industry, students, the research community, government, and society at large.

Keywords: University Industry Collaboration, Sustainable collaboration, Federal Universities of Technology, Construction education

ASSSSING THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (QMP) AFFECTING BUILDING PROJECTS DELIVERY IN NIGERIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW APPROACH (2019 – 2023)

TIMOTHY MWANTI DAYLOP; & JOSEPH K. MAKINDE

Department of Project Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The issue of Quality Management Practices (QMP) in the Nigerian construction industry remains integral to the better performances required in delivery of construction projects. This is due to the need to avoid defects, reworks and its attendant effect and cost on the construction organizations and construction professionals undertaken the delivery of projects. As a result, this study undertakes a review of QMP affecting building project delivery in Nigeria between 2019 and 2023. The outcome suggests that the topmost factors affecting the QMP encompass customer focus, process improvement, continuous improvement, conformance, and durability. This study recommended that the implementation phase of the project should include the adoption of effective measures for total quality management, as there should be ongoing evaluation of contractors and their organizations to assess their adherence to quality standards set by regulatory bodies and government agencies. This is necessary to reduce the occurrence of building defects, avoidance of reworks and possible collapse.

Keywords: Building Projects, Literature Review, Nigeria, Quality Management Practices (QMP)

THE IMPACT OF ICT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS THROUGH BALANCING AND PROMOTING TRANSPARENCY

MUHAMMAD EL-HAMEES ADAM; AND ADAMU SALEH

Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi

ABSTRACT

Just like e-democracy (a blend of electronic and democracy), also known as digital democracy or internet democracy, uses information and communication technology (ICT) in political and governance processes. The term is credited to digital activist Steven Clift. By using 21^st– ICT, e-democracy seeks to enhance democracy, including aspects like civic technology and E-government. Proponents argue that by promoting transparency in decision-making processes, e-democracy can empower all citizens to observe and understand the proceedings. Electronic democracy incorporates a diverse range of tools that use both existing and emerging information sources. These tools provide a platform for the public to express their concerns, interests, and perspective, and to contribute evidence that may influence decision-making processes at community, national, or global level

Keywords: e-democracy, e-government, ICT, Transparency, Accountability

THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT: THE EXPERIENCE OF AFRICA

OKOH, KELECHI

Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas Ekowe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study examines theories of development and underdevelopment particularly in Africa. The study explores different development options in Africa. It also critically describes the myths and realities of underdevelopment in Africa. The study adopts Modernisation, Dependency and Alternative development approaches as its theoretical framework. Modernisation theory offered an explanation on how society can attain development by transforming from tradition to modernity; dependency theory offered an explanation on key contributory factors of underdevelopment in societal relationship; and, alternative development theory focused on indigenous African approach to address the defects in both modernisation and dependency theories in meeting the interest of Africa. The study is essentially an expository one and adopts secondary data to generate relevant information. Chain of events before, during and after colonialism differently influenced events in Africa leading the myths and realities of underdevelopment in Africa which are tied to capitalism, colonialism, leadership failures, corruption, dependency, and indebtedness among others. To African countries that are doing well, underdevelopment has become a myth, while for those that are not doing well, underdevelopment has become a reality. To address underdevelopment, African countries are to go with theory of development that supports sustainable development in the continent so that the resources being invested in this direction become meaningful and worthwhile; improvements are to be made in African democratic institutions and principles; leaders should look inwards for appropriate policies and programmes that are compatible with African cultures, among others.

Keywords: Africa, Development, Dependency, Modernisation, Underdevelopment.

LIQUID METALS ANTENNAS, MATERIALS USED: A REVIEW.

*IBRAHIM ABUBAKAR; **DR. A. D. USMAN; **DR. HABIB BELLO; & **DR. SURAJO MUHAMMAD

*Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic. **Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

ABSTRACT

This comprehensive review paper investigates the synergies between millimeter-wave technology in 5G networks, the evolution of flexible antennas, and the inventive application of liquid metals in constructing these antennas. It also explores the distinct characteristics of water-based antennas that offer promise for commercial device applications. The paper illuminates the profound impact of millimeter-wave frequencies on 5G networks, enabling high data rates and low latency, redefining modern wireless communication. The review navigates the evolving realm of flexible antennas, elucidating their growing significance across various applications. It also accentuates the integration of liquid metals, including gallium-based alloys and ethyl acetate, as a pioneering approach to fabricating flexible antennas, capitalizing on their exceptional electrical conductivity and thermal stability. Additionally, the study highlights the unique traits of water-based antennas, their susceptibility to temperature fluctuations, and their potential as cost-effective alternatives. It underscores the substantial progress achieved in the past two decades while emphasizing the need to promptly infuse these technological innovations into commercial devices.

Key words: Millimeter-wave (mm-wave), Liquid Material (LM), Fifth Generation (5G).

REPORTORIAL ANALYSIS OF CRISES BY NTA BROADCAST NETWORK

OLUBUKOLA O. FAKEYE; & ADEOLA O FAKEYE

Department of Mass Communication, Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State Nigeria

Abstract

News media are rated high and become popular amongst audience by the media’s candour to serve as the fourth estate of the realm. This study therefore probed into news contents of Nigerian Television Authority to examine whether the contents adhere to the principles of truth, balance and objectivity through the framing and narrative employed in the news items. The study employed thematic analysis to appraise eight (8) news bulletins on terrorism and banditry – covering eight (8) months. The online news bulletins were analysed under frame of headlines, narrative of the storylines, reportorial models, depth of reports and tones of story. The study revealed that the stories were pro-government, extolling government and its agencies (military and police), while giving no room for dissentient voices necessary to achieve balance, fairness and truth from the point of view of news consumers. The results confirms the assertions of Sunday Antai & Philomena Umoren (2023) citing Akinfeleye 2020, that secrecy in government is the major bane of investigative reporting in Nigeria, as investigative reports depend largely on the information or intelligence available to reporters. The study therefore recommended that government reporting on its own activities should reflect the main context – social reality that stems from local, neutral news sources to achieve balance and fairness in reports.

Keywords: News Framing, Context, News Value, Narrative, Reportorial Model

INFLUENCE OF URBANIZATION ON FOOD INSECURITY AMONG FAMILIES IN ASABA METROPOLIS OF DELTA STATE

*ISIBOR, ANGELA OSAS; AND **IHENSEKHIEN.I

*Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education Technical Asaba, Delta State. **Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Education, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo state.

Abstract

This paper titled influence of urbanization on food insecurity among families in Asaba metropolis of Delta State. The paper made use of two purpose of the study with corresponding research questions and hypothesis. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised of thirty-five (35) registered farmers in Asaba metropolis which were all accommodated as the sample size. The instrument for data collection was Questionnaire Survey entitled “Urbanization on Food Insecurity among Families Questionnaire” (UFIFQ). The instrument was validated by two experts in Home Economics- and one lecturer in Measurement and Evaluation all in Faculty of Education, Delta State University Abraka. The internal consistency of the instrument was determined by administering the instrument to twenty (20) farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. The reliability was ascertained which yielded an index of 0.79. The result of the study showed that there is no significant difference between the mean rating of male and female farmers on the influence of urbanization on availability of food supply in Asaba metropolis of Delta State; and that there is no significant difference between the mean rating of male and female farmers on the challenges of food supply to Asaba metropolis of Delta State. Based on these findings, the study recommended among other things that government and its agencies intensify effort in educating the rural farmers on the mechanisms for improved food production; and that Government should provide subsidies agricultural product in order to improve the farmers’ commitment.

Keywords: Family, Food, Hunger, Insecurity, Production

BLOCKCHAIN-BASED LEDGER SYSTEM FOR SECURE MANAGEMENT OF THRIFT TRANSACTIONS IN NIGERIA

¹KOLO HOSEA AND ²PROF. OKEYINKA A.E.

¹Department of Computer Science, the Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State and ²Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State

ABSTRACT

Traditional thrift savings systems in Nigeria suffer from transparency, security, and accountability challenges, jeopardizing participants’ trust and financial stability. To address this, a Blockchain-Based Ledger System for Secure Thrift Transaction Management is developed. Manual record-keeping, fraud risks, and lack of transparency plague existing thrift systems, undermining their effectiveness. This paper employs Blockchain technology, following Agile methodology, to develop a secure, transparent, and efficient system. It prioritizes user trust, scalability, and regulatory compliance. Agile ensures iterative development, user feedback incorporation, and adaptability. The tech stack includes ReactJS, NodeJS, Python, MySQL, Google Cloud, OAuth, Metamask, Ethereum Blockchain, Solidity, and Google Forms for testing and feedback. The project aims to revolutionize thrift savings management in Nigeria, bridging research gaps while enhancing financial security and inclusion. Its responsiveness, security, and scalability align with regulatory standards, promoting user trust and feedback integration for continuous improvement.

Keywords: Thrift savings, Blockchain-based ledger, Transparency, Security, Accountability, Agile methodology.

THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT: THE EXPERIENCE OF AFRICA

OKOH, KELECHI

Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas Ekowe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Africa, Development, Dependency, Modernisation, Underdevelopment.

FACTORS DETERMINING AGENT BANKING SERVICE ACCEPTANCE AMONG RURAL ENTREPRENEURS IN ADAMAWA STATE

¹HABU JINGI UMAR, ²ABDULHAMID ISAH & ³ABDULRAZAK NUHU

¹Department of Office Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic Mubi. ²Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Mubi. ³Department Business Administration Management, Federal Polytechnic Mubi

Abstract

The study is to examine the factors determining agent banking service acceptance among rural entrepreneurs in Adamawa state. The study was conducted based on the data gathered from the rural entrepreneurs in Adamawa state. A quantitative research approach was used to answer the research questions that emerge through the review of existing literature. The study statistically analyses data obtained from the survey questionnaire. The research work was delimited to relevant agents having direct role to the subject matter. Additionally, the researcher tried to review various empirical and theoretical literatures in light of having an in-depth understanding on the subject matter to supplement the research construct. A research framework developed based on Technology acceptance model to guide the study. The result of the study indicated that, the major barriers agent banking industry faces in the provision of the service are, lack of awareness , be deficient in trust, lack of supportive training , Lack of ICT infrastructure as well as be deficient in competitiveness’ with other banks. The study also identified perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness as a driver for the frequent use of agent banking system. The study suggests a series of measures which could be taken by the bank to address various challenges identified in the thesis. These measures include: Establishing a frequent training to minimize knowledge gap between agents also work on creating awareness to the society, supporting agent banking by working with ethiotel come to work on ICT infrastructure and network problem, banks needs to be focused on technological innovation competition rather than traditional bases of retail bank competition so the bank have to be work on providing other channels

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF COCONUT (COCOS NUCIFERA) OIL ON CANDIDA ALBICANS AND ASPERGILLUS NIGER

¹HAMMA I. I, I. Y. TAFINTA²

¹Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Gombe State Polytechnic, Bajoga P.M.B 0190 Gombe State, Nigeria. ²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto State, Nigeria

ABSTARCT

Focuses on its high values, nutritional and health benefits of coconut products have currently been attributed to its intake, antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study was aimed at evaluating the phytochemical content of coconut oil and determines its susceptibility pattern against some selected fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). The findings revealed that it contained phytochemicals; Terpenoid, Steroids, Saponin, Alkaloids and Flavonoid. Subjected to susceptibility testing on the fungal; agar diffusion method was being applied and inhibition zones which indicated its antifungal properties were measured. Assay of antifungal activity showed that Candida albicans had the highest susceptibility to coconut oil than Aspergillus niger. This was concluded from their zones of inhibition; Candida albicans had the highest zone of inhibition with 22mm at 100% concentration while Aspergillus niger had 17mm. It was concluded that coconut oil could be recommended for use in the treatment of Fungal infections like candidiasis. The utilization of coconut oil should be promoted as a functional food and the use of coconut seed flesh should be encouraged for health supporting functions and for many benefits attributed to its consumption.

Keywords: Phytochemicals; Antifungal Essay; Extract; clinical isolate.

GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) AS INFLUENCED BY WEEDING FREQUENCY IN BALI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE.

TALAKA, A.

Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic PMB 05 Bali, Taraba State

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State between July and September, 2022 to evaluate the effect of weeding frequency on the growth and yield performance of maize (Zea mays), and to determine the critical period of weed interference in maize production in Bali Local Government Area. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments (zero weeding, weeding once at 3 weeks, weeding twice at 3 and 6 weeks, and weeding thrice at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after sowing). The parameters measured are: germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves, and number of cobs per plant. The dominant weed species are: Eleusine indica, Amaranthus spinosus, Andropogon gayanus, Rottbelia cochinchinensis, Calapogonium mucoides, Striga hermonthica, and Camelina benghalensis. The result obtained indicated that plots weeded thrice at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after sowing performed very well in terms of growth and yield parameters of maize in Bali Local Government Area of Taraba State. Farmers in the area are therefore, encouraged to weed their farms regularly for better growth and finally growth.

Keywords: weeding frequency, growth and yield and evaluate.

THE ROLE OF CONSENT IN THE FORMATION OF MARRIAGE UNDER ISLAMIC LAW

*GARBA DANLAMI HASSAN, Esq; & **ABDULMUMINI ADAMU, Esq

*Department of Civil Law, A.D. Rufa’i College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State. **Magistrate II, Bauchi State Judiciary, Chairman Magistrate Association of Nigeria, Bauchi State Branch.

ABSTRACT

The role of consent in the formation of marriage under Islamic law received the prophetic blessings from the noble prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Textual and historical evidences revealed that before a woman is given out in marriage generally she should be consulted and consented to the proposed marriage. Nowhere does the Qur’an or the holy prophet speak with approval for coercive authority in marriage. The juristic views on whether consent is mandatory or commendable are little more than academic or mental exercises. There are authentic reports that some fathers gave their daughters in marriage without their consent, but probably not without good intentions. Yet such marriages where revoked when the women concerned objected to them. There is hardly if none cases, as far as the available reports indicate, where imposed marriages were allowed to continue.

ABSTRACT NO.3

COMPUTER SOLUTION OF HILLIER’S AND HERTZ’S MODELS FOR INVESTMENT ANALYSIS

YEZHIN BABA SAMUEL; A.E OKEYINKA; & ABUBAKAR IBRAHIM ALHAJI

Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai Niger State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Since uncertainty is the crucial point of a capital investment decision, investment analysis in capital budgeting is often applied. The computer solution for investment analysis was carried out using Hiller’s and Hertz’s models. The mean, variance, mean of the net present value and variance of the net present value for the cash flows of projects A to J were computed using C++ programming language. The proposed solution is indeed a quick and efficient procedure for assessing the investment projects where the cash flows are correlated. The results for the computation were compared and it shown that project (G) has minimum variance of Net Present Value of 5.98922*10^6 and is most prefer among others.

Keywords: Investment, Analysis, Mean, Variance, Net Present Value, Uncertainty, cash flows, Hillier, Hertz.

EFFECT OF MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION ON THE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAY FOUND IN LOKOJA

T.S. AIYEETAN; & B.A. ABBAS

Department of Civil Engineering, School of Infrastructure, Processing and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

Abstract

Keywords: clay minerals, plasticity, geotechnical, x-ray diffraction

CIRCULAR ECONOMY POTENTIALS IN SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN ABUJA

MOHAMMED, MOHAMMED NDAGI; TSADO, ABEL JOHN; & OYEWOBI, LUKMAN OYEKUNLE

Department of Quantity Surveying, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

The construction industry, despite contributing significantly to global GDP, is a major consumer of raw materials, a major source of waste, and a major contributor to environmental pollution due to the continuous utilisation of linear construction practices. Therefore, this study evaluates the application potential of the circular economy principles in sustainable construction practices in Abuja. The study employed the use of quantitative research approach with the aid of questionnaire survey to obtain data from 243 construction professionals registered with the Green Building Council of Nigeria (GBCN). Analysis of data was undertaken using Relative Importance Index (RII). Findings from the study indicates that “large waste generation”, “scarcity of resources” and “high carbon footprint” are the most significant challenges of the current linear construction practices. Also, the highest environmental, economic and social potential of circular economy principles in sustainable construction practices are “resource conservation”, “creation of business opportunities” and “job creation” respectively. In conclusion, circular economy is a vital enabler of sustainable construction with very high application potentials in environmental, economic and social domains of sustainable development. The study therefore recommends that stakeholders in industry institutions should conduct a circular economy awareness campaign through workshops, media outlets, and educational programs to enlighten professionals on the benefits of adopting circular economy principles. It was also recommended that government should develop and enforce policies and regulations that will drive the adoption of circular economy principles in sustainable construction practices.

Keywords: Circular Economy, Linear Construction, Sustainable Construction, Potentials.

USE OF LIMESTONE POWER IN ENHANCING THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LATERITIC SOIL STABILIZED WITH LIMESTONE

¹ESANBHAFOMEN K., ¹AMADI A. A., ¹ADEJUMO S. U., ²ADELASOYE J.

¹Federal University of Technology, Minna ²Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta

Abstract

The paper evaluated the effectiveness of using fly ash as a pozzolan in enhancing the treatment of lateritic soil with stabilized limestone powder. The effect of different mix proportions of fly ash (0 – 15%) and fixed percent of limestone powder (6%) on the consistency limits, specific gravity, and compaction properties (using British Light effort, West African compaction effort, and British Heavy efforts) were investigated. The result of the tests showed that the soil belongs to “A-7-5” with its liquid limit decreasing from 51.50% to 48% at the addition of fly-ash indicating that the soil becomes less plastic and more resistant to changes in moisture content. It is generally observed that the OMC increased with increase in Fly ash content with values that ranged from 0-20%, while the MDD decreased with increase in the fly ash content from 1.63 to 1.5 mg/m3 for the BSL effort, 1.67 to 1.58mg/m3 for the WAS effort and 1.77 to 1.68mg/m3 for the BSH effort, all with a specific gravity value of 2.65 The findings reveal significant modification in the physical properties of the soil, highlighting the potential for cost-effective, sustainable construction practices using limestone and fly ash.

Keywords: Soil improvement, Stabilization, Fly ash, Limestone, Construction materials, Nigeria.

DETERMINATION OF XYLANASE ACTIVITY USING STREPTOMYCES, ISOLATED FROM KALGO FADAMA LAND SOIL, KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA

S.I. MUNGADI; & N. ABDULJABBAR

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Abstract

Xylanase is the most important enzymes that is currently being used in a number of industries. Xylanases hydrolyze the reprecipitated xylan on the fibers of paper pulp. The permeability of fibers increases with xylanase treatment, which allows easier removal of lignin from the fibres The aim of this research is to determine the activity of xylanase enzyme using soil Streptomyces collected from dangwarema fadama area of kalgo local government, Kebbi State, Nigeria. The soil sample was pre-treated to eliminate the commonly found microbes using physic-chemical methods. After inoculation, Streptomyces showing distinct morphological characteristics were selected from the isolation plate and further sub-cultured to obtain the pure form of the isolate, and then inoculated into production media for the production of the enzyme. The best Corbin sources and incubation period were determined. During the process of isolation, identification of the colonies with different morphology such as large white colonies with fluffy spores, small white sporulation powdery, colonies producing light brown pigment were determined. The xylanase was produced by isolated bacteria, and then optimization of time and carbon source were determined by measuring the enzyme activity. For time optimization, the highest activity of (0.512umol) was recorded at 32hrs followed by 28hrs (0.155umol), and then 24hrs (0.142umol) which is the lowest, and according to this research glucose was the best carbon source compared to other carbon sources. It can be concluded that the isolated bacteria (Streptomyces) from Kalgo Fadama land soil is capable of producing microbial xylanase enzyme. And according to this research, the best carbon source and best incubation period of xylanase enzyme were glucose and 32hrs respectively.

Keywords: Xylanase, enzyme, production, activity

COMPARATIVE COMPLEXITY STUDY OF BUBBLE SORT AND INSERTION SORT USING JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: A REVIEW

IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD AL-AMIN, A.E OKEYINKA, ABDULLAHI IBRAHIM

Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai Niger State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

This research paper presents the review of the computational complexity of bubble sort and insertion sort; the run-time performances of bubble and insertion sort were evaluated, and the comparisons of the time complexity of both sorts were also analyzed. These two algorithms was the area of focus for this research and the result practically proved that bubble sort is not better compare to insertion sort and therefore agreed that the best performing algorithm in terms of the best case, average case, and worse case is insertion sort. The research also provides a drawback to the bubble sorting algorithm because it keeps sorting the input data even if they are arranged at their normal positions.

Keywords: Algorithm, Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Complexity, Efficiency, Performance.

IMPROVEMENT OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF FULL DEPTH RECLAIMED SURFACE DRESS PAVEMENT MATERIAL USING CEMENT AND LOCUST BEAN POD EXTRACT (LBPE) FOR ROAD BASE

ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED*, MUSA ALHASSAN*, MUSTAPHA MOHAMMED ALHAJI

Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study is an improvement of strength properties of deep reclaimed surface dress pavement material using cement and locust bean pod extract as moisture for road base. The wearing and base course of a surface dressed pavement was scarified and mixed together to form the FDRSP. In the laboratory, locust bean pod extract (LBPE) and water are the two moistures adopted for the tests conducted. The existing lateritic base material is classified as SC and A-2-6 according to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and American Association for State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) respectively, while the mixture of surface dress wearing course and the base laterite (FDRSP) is classified as GC and A-2-6 with water, GC and A-2-7 with locust bean pod extract (LBPE) according to USCS and AASHTO respectively. But with addition of specified cement contents at 2, 4 and 6% to the mixture, the soil was classified as A-2-7 at 2% cement addition and A-2-6 at 4 and 6% cement according to AASHTO classification. Compaction test results at specified cement contents, the treated soil with locust bean pod extract as moisture indicated a general increase in both MDD and OMC with increase in cement contents (from 2, 4 and 6%) and energy level (BSL→WAS→BSH) . There was remarkable increase in the CBR value of the treated soil with LBPE having CBR value above 100%, when compacted at either WAS and BSH energy level with peak value of cement contents at 4-6%. The UCS results showed a similar trend of the CBR of the treated sample. There was tremendous increase in UCS with increase in cement contents and compactive effort and curing period.

Keywords: Stabilization of FDRSP material, Locust Bean pod, California bearing ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compresssive Strength (UCS).

GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GWAGWALADA TROPICAL CLAY DEPOSIT

KADIR, S.K.; ALHASSAN, M.; & ALHAJI, M. M.³

Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT:

This research work titled “Geotechnical Characterization of Gwagwalada Tropical Clay deposit was carried out. It involves identification of the deposit around Gwagwalada Abuja. Five representative clay samples were collected from different part of the clay deposit for this study. The clays were collected at average depth of 3.5m for all trial pits. Both disturbed and undisturbed samples were carefully collected and brought to Civil Engineering laboratory for assessment. Standard tests were carried out on the samples. The result showed natural moisture content ranging from 18.86 to 29.27%, indicating that the soil samples contain some amount of moisture which is largely affected by climatic conditions. The particle size analysis revealed the clay deposit were mostly poorly graded. The compaction characteristics: Maximum Dry Density (MDD) for British Standard Heavy (BSH) shows the highest MDD of 1.93 g/cm³ while the West African Standard (WAS) gave 1.77 g/cm³ and the British Standard Light (BSL) indicate MDD of 1.73 g/cm³ with corresponding optimum moisture of 11.38, 15.2 and 17.4% respectively. The values of liquid limit ranges from 53 to 58%, plastic limit values ranged from 25.31 to 37.92% and the plasticity index from 18.33 to 29.69%. The specific gravity values for the tropical clay ranging from 2.14 to 2.47. CBR values in soaked and unsoaked conditions failed to meet the requirements for subgrade material. For BSH energy level, both soaked and unsoaked are 0.73, 0.93, 0.89, 1.10, 1.25 and 12.88, 14.45, 13.43, 18.22, 10.21% respectively. And for WAS energy level both soaked and unsoaked are 0.63, 0.79, 0.71, 1.02, 0.73 and 6.44, 7.72, 7.72, 7.56, 5.74% respectively. While for BSL energy level both soaked and unsoaked are 0.63, 0.79, 0.71, 1.02, 0.73 and 1.41, 2.83, 1.81, 1.89, 1.73% respectively. The work further revealed values of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), Cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction (ϕ) ranging from 13.82 to 42.99kPa and 4.49 to 20.85^o respectively. While the consolidation parameters of consolidation pressure ranging from 28 to 80 kN/m²and consolidation index ranging from 0.144 to 0.188. While the coefficient of compressibility (av) ranging from 5.320 x 10^-5 m² /kN to 7.203 x 10^-5 m² / kN. And the coefficient of volume change ranged from 3.172 x 10^-5 m² /kN to 3.848 x 10^-5 m² / kN. Also the coefficient of consolidation (Cv) ranged from 0.005311mm²/sec to 0.09732mm²/sec while the coefficient of permeability (k) ranged from 2.01 x 10^-5 m/sec to 7.19 x 10^-5 m/sec. It is also follows that Samples of the soft clay layer is overconsolidated when associated with overconsolidation ratio. with their higher compressibility, volume change coefficients, the clay will exhibit more deformation and settlement over time.

Keywords: tropical clay, index properties, chemical properties.

EFFECT OF EFFECTIVE READING ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, EKOWE BAYELSA STATE

¹OTI, ERIC U.; & ²ALVAN, WARIEBI K.

¹Department of Statistics, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe Bayelsa State. ²Department of Physics with Electronics, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe Bayelsa State

ABSTRACT

Academic performance is the measurement of students’ achievement across various academic subjects. Teachers and perhaps educationists measures academic achievements using classroom performance, graduation grades and results from standardized test. In this paper, we carried out some statistical analysis to determine if the Grade Point Average (GPA) of students’ academic performance in Computer Science department 2020/2021 National Diploma (ND) one academic session, do depend on the number of hours students spend over the weekends reading their books using simple linear regression analysis and correlation analysis at 5 percent level of significance. The findings of the study shows that there is a linear relationship between the two variables y(GPA) and the number of x(hours) the students spent reading for their examinations, and it also indicates a strong significant difference on the effect of effective reading of students’ academic performance in tertiary institution.

Keywords: Academic Performance, Correlation, Effective Reading, Grade Point Average, Simple Linear Regression.

PREVALENCE OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF GOMBE STATE-NIGERIA

*AYUBA BAPPAH; **ADAMU ABDULKADIR; *ABUBAKAR SADIQ SALISU; & *HAUWA ADAMU KUMOH

*General Studies Department, Gombe State Polytechnic Bajoga. **Department of Business Administration and Management, Gombe State Polytechnic, Bajoga

ABSTRACT

In Gombe State, Nigeria, the prevalence of agricultural activities and their effects on rural development are examined in this study. The study investigates the prevalent farming methods, their socio-economic effects, and how they have shaped the general development of these areas through an adoption of survey research design with the aid well-structured Questionnaire deployed to rural communities of Gombe state. The study used descriptive statistics to summarize the demographic characteristics of the respondents and employed inferential statistics through multiple regression analysis. The result revealed a positive and statistically significant effects of population growth, Government Policies and Rural-Urban migration on rural Development in Gombe State. The research therefore recommends that campaign should be intensify to increase popular participation while also provision of social services to enhance quality of life in rural areas. The results of this study add to our knowledge of the connection between rural development and agriculture, providing important insights for stakeholders and policymakers who support these communities’ sustainable progress.

HERBICIDE USE AND ITS EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT, PLANTS AND HUMANS.

TALAKA, A.

Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic PMB 05, Bali, Taraba State

Abstract

Weeds contribute to severe loss of agricultural crop production. Herbicides are efficient, cheap, and effective method for their control, but their multiple uses at higher concentration have resulted in induced toxicity and stress in non-targeted crops. The herbicides are used frequently to fight the proliferation of weeds. The use of herbicides correlates with an improvement in agricultural yield, but the harm to the health of human populations is well established and has been demonstrated in numerous scientific studies. In addition, some important environmental effects are associated with the use of herbicides. These include unintended damage occurring both on the sprayed site, and offsite by changing the vegetation of treated sites, herbicides use also changes the habitat of animals such as mammals and birds. The herbicide-induced toxicity affects growth, photosynthesis, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants directly impacting yield of plants. It is therefore, necessary to find ways to mitigate the herbicidal effects on plants and environment by increasing the tolerance of crops to their application and also reduced the stress induced by herbicides on environment by applying the recommended rate at the right time and target area.

Keywords: herbicide use, environment, plants, stress and humans.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS SPECIES IN BIOREMEDIATION OF PALM OIL EFFLUENT

ABDALLAH, H.Y; OKOYE,C.I.; ADAMU, B.B.; MALIKI, H.S.; ABUBAKAR, Z.I.; IDRIS, H. A.; MAIDAWA, G.L; MUSA, F.; MUSTAPHA, F..A,; & AYEGBA, S.O.

National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effect of temperature on the bioremediation of palm oil mill effluent contaminated soil by Bacillus species. The physicochemical parameters of the palm oil mill effluents were temperature (3 3.5°C), Total Dissolved Solids (465.5 mg/I), Total Soluble Solids (310 mg/I), Dissolved Oxygen (0.162 mg/l), Biological Oxygen Demand (0.13 mg/i), Chemical Oxygen Demand (123.5mg/l). The Bacillus species was isolated from pam oil mill effluent contaminated soil samples in Tsoaka Village, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. The 3rnl culture of the isolate was inoculated into medium comprising 2g of yeast extract, 2g of glucose, 2.8g of lactose broth in 50 mi of different concentrations of the effluent (0%, 5%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100 %) and incubated for 30 days at 37°C. The effects of temperature (30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C) on the remediation potential of the isolates were determined. The rate of bioremediation was determined using spectrophotometry at 600 nm. The optimum bioremediation temperature was 35°C (60.7%) after 30 days. The results obtained in this study revealed that 35°C was optimum for remediation by Bacillus species of palm oil mill effluent contaminated soil.

KEYWORDS: Bacillus species, Palm oil Effluents, Biodecolourisation, Spectrophotometry.

“JUDICIAL REVIEW IS ANTI MAJORITARIAN” DISCUSS THIS WITH REFERENCE TO THE AMERICAN CASE OF MARBURY V MADISON (1803) AND NIGERIAN CASE OF A.G BENDAL STATE V. A.G OF THE FEDERATION AND 22 OTHERS (1981) 10 SC.1

NOW- JUDICIAL REVIEW AND DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYSIS

*GARBA DANLAMI HASSAN, Esq.; & **ABDULMUMINI ADAMU, Esq.

*Department of Civil Law, A.D. Rufa’i College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State. **Magistrate II, Bauchi State Judiciary & Chairman Magistrate Association of Nigeria, Bauchi State Branch.

ABSTRACT

“The courts have power and authority to declare the law and give a binding authoritative decision between the parties before it and carry it into effect” judges exercise judicial power with the power and authority of judicial review to declare laws enacted by the legislature as unconstitutional and the acts done by the public authorities (executive) ultra vires. This paper states the role of courts in legal interpretation as well as the current legal experience and grounds for the judicial review. The origin of judicial review is the case of Marbury V. Madison decided by the supreme court of America in 1803. The focal issue in this paper is to examine judicial review as a mechanism that permits the judiciary to exercise. That will be followed by a cursory look at both American and Nigerian case laws as the enabling legal provisions in Nigeria.

KEYWORDS: Judicial is ant-majoritarian

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BANANA (MUSA SAPIENTUM) PEEL EXTRACT AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHI, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI

¹HAMMA I. I, I. Y. TAFINTA²

ABSTRACT

The study on phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of banana (Musa sapientum) peel extract were carried out on E. coli, Salmonella typhi and S. aureus. The in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extract of banana (Musa sapientum) peels was investigated on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using agar well diffusion technique. The result of the phytochemical screening of Musa sapientum peel revealed the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides and tannins in ethanol extract while flavonoid, saponin and glycosides in aqueous extract. The result also showed ethanol to be a better solvent for the extraction of the bioactive agents in banana peels. There was decreased in antibacterial activity with decreased in concentration of the extract as the concentration of the extract decreases from 500 – 62.5 mg/ml, the zones of inhibition also decreased from 31 – 8 (ethanol extract) and 16 -7 (aqueous), 11 – 7 mm (ethanol extract) and 9 – 6 mm (aqueous extract), 29 – 10 mm (ethanol extract) and 11 – 7 mm (aqueous extract) for Salmonella typhi, S. aureus and E. coli respectively. Ethanol extract had higher inhibition zone as compared to the aqueous extract. This can be deduced to the ability of ethanol to extract more of the secondary plant metabolites which are believed to exert antibacterial activity on the test organisms.

Keywords: Phytochemicals; Antibacterial Essay; Extract; clinical isolates.

THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL NORMS IN PERPETUATING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA

MUSLIM NASIRUDEEN ADE Esq.

The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Oyo State

Abstract

Nigerian women have suffered various forms of gender-induced violence from pre-colonial, through the colonial era and afterwards. Not even civilization and western education has changed most men’s perception of the Nigerian woman as someone who deserves some respect and dignity. In Africa, one of the many social dimensions arising from this gendered culture includes an acceptance of domestic violence. In this situation, religion and culture are viable tools used by the society to cage and afflict the women and girl-child. The male folks always carry themselves with a sense of superiority over the women; they see women as punching bags and nothing but a sex machine. This lopsided thinking has placed women in a tight corner where it is difficult for them to share their thoughts in the society. Domestic violence has also resulted in health problems for women and other disorders which have reduced their impact in their corners. This paper relied heavily on journals, reports, magazines and other established data to carry out its analysis. The paper however concluded that if domestic violence is not addressed, the negative impacts it will generate will be uncontrollable. Proper education of people on the evils of domestic violence and strategically formulating policies against offenders were recommended.

Keywords: domestic violence, girl-child, Africa, women, Nigerian

THE USE OF MARKOV ANALYSIS IN MARKETING OF SOFT DRINKS PRODUCTS

OSUNTOKI N.B; FASASI S.K; & AFOLABI V.O

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, the Oke-ogun polytechnics, Saki

Astract:

This paper examinened the application of makov chain in marketing three competitive soft drink products in Nigeria. Markov analysis has been used in the last few years mainly in marketing, examining and predicting the behavior of customers in terms of their loyality and switching from one product to another. The three soft drinks companies Cocal- cola, pepsi and Bigi- cola were used as a case study. Information on daily sales was extracted from the records of sampled distributors in Oyo metropolis when we assume the same pattern of gain and losses. It was observed that, Bigi-Cola Company has the highest probability of retaining their customers followed by Coca-Cola company and pepsi in that order.

Key words: Markov chain, Soft drinks, Customers.

ENHANCING EMPLOYEE’S BRAND CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN AN ORGANIZATION: THE INTERNAL BRANDING PERSPECTIVE.

*LAWI ADAMU; **BELLO DOGOJI ADAMU; ***MOHAMMED RASHEED ALIYU; ***JAAFAR LIMAN; & ***ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED MISAU.

*Department of Marketing, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi. **Department of Business Administration and Management Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. ***Department of Business Administration and Management Sciences, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi

Abstract

The study is aimed at investigating the impact of internal branding on employee brand citizenship behavior (BCB). Specifically, the study is aimed at revealing the significant impact of brand training on the dimensions of employee brand citizenship namely brand helping behavior, sportsmanship, brand endorsement and brand self-development. In particular, the study focused on the influence of brand training on employee BCB. The study was conducted on all employees of the Nigeria telecommunication industry, both front line and back stage employees are considered as they are all important for the success of the brand. The data collected were analyzed using PLS-SEM. In the present study, it was found that brand training has significant relationship with employee BCB dimensions (helping behavior, sportsmanship, brand self-development and brand endorsement). In addition, our study has provided both implications and future research directions. In practice, organization particularly service brand can utilize or adopt internal branding practices such as brand training in order to make employees produce positive attitude or behaviors, thus contributing to the success of the brand. Therefore, organizations can strengthens employee’s brand citizenship behavior by providing adequate brand training. The empirical results in this study have provides valuable insight from the individual employee perspective into an internal branding process in order to ensure the promised made to customers is delivered. The findings have empirically shows the relationship between internal branding practice such as brand training and the dimensions of employee BCB.

Keywords: Brand citizenship behavior; internal branding; brand training

ADVANCING CREATIVITY IN LIBRARY SERVICES TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

ALIYU NASIRU MUHAMMAD; MARGARET A. AMAO; & ABDULKARIM ABDULLAHI

Abu Ali Library, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare, Bauchi State

Abstract

This paper discussed creativity in Library Services towards achieving sustainable development goal: it highlighted the library services and of essence of creativity and innovation in library services, the paper also discussed the roles of library towards achieving sustainable development goals. The paper recommends that Libraries should be creative, they should think outside box to create better ways of improving library service to confirm with sustainable development goals, Library management should ensure regular brain-storm sessions where staff would think on how to improve library services, library schools should also inculcate in students thinking and analytical skills that will in turn develop creativity and innovation in the minds of the students It is therefore concluded that Creativity and innovation are central to effective and efficient services delivery to library patrons in the twenty-first century. In addition, creativity and innovations now exist to improve information management and library services. Information technology (IT) and Information Communication Technology (ICT) have changed the information seeking behaviour of the users and in direct response, have also changed the services being provided by the librarians.

Keywords: Library, Services, Creativity, Innovation, Roles,

GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF STAY GREEN AND SOME DROUGHT TOLERANT TRAITS IN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

SAIDU G; M. S MAHMOOD; & I HUSSAINI

Department of Agricultural Education. School of Vocational and Technical Education. Adamu Tafawa Balewa College of Education Kangere, Bauchi State

ABSTRACT

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is faced by several biotic and abiotic constraints that reduce its yield. Drought remains the main abiotic factor limiting the crop cultivation resulting in yield instability and food shortage. the objective of the study was to assess the genet Explore sorghum accessions for stay-green characteristics and identify drought tolerant genotypes; Screen and compile best set of useful microsatellite markers The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity among the sorghum accessions for stay-green and drought tolerant traits. About 169 was obtained and screened from BSADP and ATBU., Nigeria from their germplasm collection. Eighteen genotypes were selected for stay green traits were screened based on genetic diversity and stay green and other agro morphological traits under control and imposed drought condition in Bauchi and Kano in 2023 raining season, Alpha lattice and randomized complete block designed was used. The accessions were grouped into ABC major clusters elucidating a high level of genetic diversity which was useful for identifying suitable genotypes for stay green and drought tolerance breeding. The best characterized form of drought tolerance during crop growth is the non-senescence or “stay-green” trait. Genetic diversity analysis carried out with 169 sorghum genotypes for drought tolerance using 18 stay-green specific polymorphic SSR markers revealed high level of polymorphism among the genotypes.. The number of alleles produced by different primers ranged from 2 to 7 with an average of 4.0 alleles per primer. The polymorphic loci clearly discriminate all the genotypes. The similarity coefficients based on SSR markers ranged from 0.02 to 1.00..

Keys: Stay Green (SG), Diversity, Polymorphism..

DETERMINATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH POTATO SPOILAGE: A REVIEW PAPER

MAINA MOHAMMED IDRISS; & FATIMA MOHAMMED MAINA

Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic, Geidam, Yobe State, Nigeria. ²Federal University of Health Sciences, Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Potato tubers, fungi, storage, rots, markets, prevention, challenging, security

EFFECTS OF N.P.K (20:10:10) FERTILIZER AND SHEEP/GOAT-DUNG ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.) IN BAUCHI L.G.A OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.

*GAYA, B. H.¹, YUNUSA, M. M.¹, ABBA-AJI, A. A.¹, ABUBAKAR, I. A.¹, GAMBO, N.¹, MAHMOUD, A. A.¹ & BUKAR, M. A.²

¹Department of Agricultural Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi state, ²Department of Agricultural Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, Yobe state.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess and determine the Effects of N.P.K (20:10:10) Fertilizer and Sheep and Goat dung, both individually and in combination, on the growth and yield parameters of cucumber plants in Bauchi Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Bauchi state, Nigeria. The specific objectives include evaluating the response of cucumber plants to sheep/goat dung, N.P.K (20:10:10) fertilizer, and their combination, as well as comparing their impacts on growth and yield parameters. The study also seeks to identify the most effective fertilizer option for cucumber farmers in the region.Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated vine plant known for its cylindrical fruits used as culinary vegetables. This research focused on the response of cucumber plants to different fertilization methods and their influence on growth and yield outcomes. The study was conducted within Engr Musa Aliyu Dadi’s Farm in Lushi, adjacent to Yelwa, Bauchi L.G.A of Bauchi state.The findings indicated that the combination of mineral (N.P.K 20:10:10) and organic (sheep/goat dung) fertilizers produced the most significant positive impact on both vegetative growth and fruit yield of cucumber plants. This suggested that the synergistic effect of combining these two types of fertilizers leads to enhanced growth and development of the cucumber plant and results in higher fruit yields.This study provides valuable insights into the cultivation of cucumber plants in the specific Agricultural context of Bauchi L.G.A, Bauchi state, Nigeria. The results underscored the potential benefits of employing a combination of mineral and organic fertilizers for optimizing cucumber crop production. These findings can guide cucumber farmers in selecting the most effective Fertilization strategy to enhance their Agricultural practices and overall yields.

Keywords: Effects, N.P.K (20:10:10) Fertilizer, Sheep and Goat dung, Cucumber, Growth, Yield.

HEAVY METAL EVALUATION IN ROADSIDE DUST OF JOS METROPOLIS PLATEAU STATE

³HENRY, U. I., ¹HENRY, M. U., ¹AKINTUNDE, S., ²OBIDOLA, S.M., ¹OGENYI, R. A., ¹LEKDUHUR, J. AND ¹DOGUN, O.

¹Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Jos. ²Crop Production Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Jos. ¹Federal College of Forestry Resources, Fuga, Edo State

ABSTRACT

The contamination of the top soils with heavy metals may arise from different sources in which atmospheric pollution is a major factor especially in the urban areas. This study was carried out to assess the concentration of some heavy metals (Chromium, Iron, Nickel, Cadmium, Copper and Lead) in roadside dust in five study sites (Terminus, British, Farin Gada, Zololo and Jankwanu) in Jos Metropolis. The dust samples were subjected to standard method of analysis and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. All the selected heavy metals were detected in the roadside dust samples in the five different locations with Iron recording the highest concentration values while Nickel recorded the least concentration values of the selected elements and in the range of 4.25 ppm – 388.36 ppm for Terminus, 3.27 ppm – 407.38 ppm for British America Junction, 3.93 ppm – 350.65 ppm in Farin Gada, 4.44 ppm – 408,80 ppm in Zololo Junction and 3.56 ppm – 391.11 ppm in Jankwanu. However, the selected heavy metals had concentration values that were above the WHO threshold for heavy metals in dust, showing that vehicular emissions has a role in the high concentration of these heavy metals in the dust samples.

Key Words: Heavy metal, AAS, concentration, WHO, Roadside dust.

SEED PRIMING EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS AND DPPH ACTIVITY OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum) UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITION

¹HENRY, U.I., ²OBIDOLA, S.M., ³HENRY, M.U., ⁴LAWAL, A.A., ³DOGUN, O. AND ²YAROSON, A.Y.

¹Federal College of Forestry Resources, Fuga, Edo State. ²Crop Production Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Jos. ³Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Jos. ⁴Agricultural Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Jos

ABSTRACT

This research focused on the seed priming effects on the growth and yield parameters as well as the antioxidant activity (DPPH) of sesame, under a water stress condition. The experiment was designed using Randomized Complete Block Design, with the treatments consisting of five (5), replicated four (4) times. The treatments include T₀ (Without Priming), T₁ (priming sesame with potassium permanganate), T₂(priming sesame with Moringa oleifera leaf extract), T₃ (priming sesame with distilled water) and T₄ (priming sesame with NaCl). The priming of the seeds took place for a period of 24 hours under normal environmental condition, removed from priming agent, washed in running water and dried before planting. The planting took place under a control environment and water supply was rationed. Data was collected on number of flowers, number of pods, stem girth, yield, 100 seed weight as well as DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance (95 % confidence interval). The result for germination percentage shows that T₄ has better germination percentage than the other treatments. Number of flowers, number of pods, weight of 100 seeds and yield results showed that T₂ has the highest mean values compared to other treatments at P ≤ 0.05 (T₀, T₁, T₃, T₄). The result for stem girth shows that T₁ has the highest mean values. The DPPH scavenging activity showed that treatments T₂ expressed better significant difference when compared to the other treatment. These results showed that sesame seed priming with Moringa oleifera extract improves the growth and yield as well as the antioxidant activity of sesame primed seed under water-stressed condition.

Key Words: Antioxidant, DPPH, Growth and Yield, Sesame, Priming.

Academic Research and Publications

Academic Research and Publications

29TH Multidisciplinary Academic Conference on African Creativity Towards Development Goals: Multidisciplinary Approach (FULOKOJA, 2024)