24th Academic Conference on Intellectual Researches for Achieving the New Sustainable Development: Multidisciplinary Approach (UniPort, 2022)

THEME: DEVELOPING WORLD AND INTELLECTUAL RESEARCHES FOR ACHIEVING THE NEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH.

DATE: 31^ST MAY, 2022

VENUE: UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT, UNIPORT, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA.

ORGANIZERS: HUMMINGBIRD PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL.

DOWNLOAD THE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (NO. 1)

DOWNLOAD THE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (NO. 2)

CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS:

EFFICACY OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACT MIXTURES ON MAJOR FIELD INSECT PESTS OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS THUN.)

ALAO FATAI OLAITAN; OLANIRAN OLADELE ABIODUN; AND ADEBAYO THIMOTY ABIODUN

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Abstract

Use of secondary biologically active compounds in the protection of field insect pests of crops has been considered as an alternative to the use of synthetic insecticides. In the light of this, selected plant extract mixtures of Tephrosia vogelii, Moringa oleifera, Annona squamosa and Anarcadium occidentalis nuts were tested on the field insect pests of watermelon during the early and late cropping of 2019. The tested plant extracts were prepared with cold water. Lambdachyalothrin and control were included in the experiment for comparison. The experiment was set up in a Randomised Complete Block Design and each treatment was replicated three times. Data were collected on number of insect infestations, defoliated leaves, fruit damage and fruit yield. The results show that four insect pests were observed and all the tested plant extract mixtures exhibited insecticidal action against the observed insects. Among the plant extract mixtures, combination of M. oleifera and T. vogelii (MO + TV) had highest insecticidal efficacy (55%) during early season. During late planting season, insecticidal potential of plant extract mixture of M. oleifera and T. vogelii was comparable with synthetic insecticide (Lambdancyhalothrin). Highest yield (21.3 – 18.2 t/ha respectively) was obtained from the plants treated with Lambdacyhalothrin followed by the plants treated with M. oleifera + T. vogelii (19.1 – 15.0 t/ha) during both planting seasons. Therefore, plant extract mixtures can be incorporated into the field insect pest management of watermelon.

SCHOOL COMMUNICATION AND TEACHERS’ JOB PERFORMANCE IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NASARAWA WEST SENATORIAL ZONE OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA FOR ACHIEVING THE NEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.

Dr. YAKUBU SANI; Dr. UWALEKE, GLADYS CHINELO; & Dr. EMAKPOR PETER CHUKS

Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Management.

ABSTRACT

The study assessed School Communication and Teachers’ Job Performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Nasarawa West Senatorial Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. For achieving the new sustainable development. The study was guided by three research questions, three objectives and three hypotheses.. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted in the study. The population of this study consisted of 2605 teachers. The sample size of this study consisted of 578 respondents. The instrument used for data collection was tagged ‘Questionnaire on the School Communication and Teacher Job Performance (QSCTJP)’.  The instrument yielded the validity index of 0.82. The coefficient of internal consistency of 0.79 was obtained which means that the instrument was suitable for data collection. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Pearson’s product moment correlation was employed to test the formulated null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between upward communication and teachers’ job performance in senior secondary schools in Nasarawa West Senatorial District of Nasarawa State Nigeria for achieving the new sustainable development, there is a significant relationship between downward communication and teachers’ job performance in senior secondary schools in Nasarawa West Senatorial District of Nasarawa State Nigeria for achieving the new sustainable development. and there is a significant relationship between horizontal communication and teachers’ job performance in senior secondary schools in Nasarawa West Senatorial District of Nasarawa State Nigeria for achieving the new sustainable development. One of the recommendations of the study was that Principals of senior secondary schools in Nasarawa West Senatorial Zone of Nasarawa State Nigeria should be periodically subjected to series of training through workshops, conferences and seminars to enable them acquire the useful skills and knowledge needed to promote upward communication in the school system for achieving the new sustainable development.

Keywords:  School, Communication, Teacher, job Performance, Sustainable and Development

AN APPRAISAL OF THE DUTIES OF STAKEHOLDERS TOWARDS ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

OGUNLOLU ALICE T.

Department of Quantity Surveying, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract

Sustainable Construction (SC) implies employing the use of renewable and recyclable materials with the aim of reducing waste as well as lowering energy consumption. The main purpose of Sustainable Construction is to reduce the adverse environmental effect of the Construction industry (CI). Various stakeholders have inputs in order to achieve SC as there are several emerging roles and duties that need to be attended to in order to ensure that the benefits of SC is delivered. To this end, this research sought to appraise the stakeholder responsible for carrying some emerging SC duties. Extensive literature was sought to identify new/emerging duties towards achieving SC. A well-structured questionnaire was then distributed to professionals in the CI. A total of 100 questionnaires were administered and 76 was retrieved and analysed using mean item score. The result shows the respondents perception of stakeholders responsible for the emerging SC duties identified. Finally, the notion that sustainable construction must be carried out collaboratively by all Stakeholders in the CI is reaffirmed.

Keywords: Sustainable construction, Construction industry, Emerging roles, stakeholders

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS ON SMART BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES (SBTS) IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

OLOJEDE, I. O., MURITALA, A. O., AJIBADE, N. A.

Department of Estate Management and Valuation, The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki

Abstract
This paper investigates the factors influencing the level of awareness of Smart Building Technologies among real estate developers in Lagos State, Nigeria. Primary Data were collected through questionnaire survey from 101 property developers in Lagos real estate development industry. Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis using multiple regressions were employed to analyze the data. The study revealed “training programs” by organizations and “individual knowledge” as the key factors capable of significantly influencing the level of SBTs awareness in the Lagos State real estate development This paper recommended Mandatory Continuous Professional Development (MCPD) towards smart building concept in relation to real estate development sustainability.

Keywords: Smart Building Technologies, Influential factors of awareness, Real Estate Developers, Real Estate Development Industry.

EFFECT OF PERCEIVED EASE OF USE AND SECURITY OF E-BANKING ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

NGOZI FOLASHADE DIOKPA

Distance learning Centre, ABU Business School, Faculty of Administration and Law ABU Zaria Distance, Learning Center. Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria

Abstract

E-Banking has transformed the banking industry in Nigeria with several new products and ways of conducting the banking business. This has led to increase competition in the banking sector and also to need to better satisfy bank customers. Therefore, there is a need to explore options that can improve customer satisfaction. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of perceived ease of use and security of e-banking on customers’ satisfaction in Abuja. The data of this study was collected from primary source using questionnaire to obtain responses from bank customers. The collected data was the analyzed using correlation and regression analysis with the SPSS version 20. Consequently, the findings from the study showed that perceived ease of use and security positively and significantly influence customers satisfaction of first bank customers in Abuja. The correlation analysis showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between E-banking attributes and customer satisfaction. Therefore, the study recommends that banks should improve the user friendliness of their e-banking channels and increase the level of encryption of their security to improve customers experience and increase satisfaction.

Keywords: Perceived ease of use, Security and Customer satisfaction

THE IMPACT OF CHARCOAL PRODUCTION ON FOREST DEGRADATION IN MOKWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

MOHAMMED, SHIRU KPAKIKO; & AHMED SADAUKI ABUBAKAR

Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology, Minna

ABSTRACT

Charcoal production for rural and urban energy consumption is a main driver of forest degradation in the study area and Nigeria at large. The magnitude and relevance of this forest degradation process is likely to increase unless important shifts are made in energy consumption patterns. These highlights the relevance of studying charcoal production as a separate process, therefore this study assessed the impact of charcoal production on forest degradation in Mokwa Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria. This study employed both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data sources include questionnaire administration, oral interview and field survey. The secondary data sources used include journals, textbooks, newspapers, unpublished and published theses and the internet. This study revealed that high prices of alternate energy sources for cooking ranked the highest causes of charcoal production with 48.2% respondents, poverty ranked second cause with 31.2% respondents, population growth ranked third with 13.8% and urbanization ranked the least with 6.8% respondents. This revealed that high prices of alternate energy sources for cooking was the major cause of charcoal production in the area as kerosene and gas where very expensive for average household head in the study area. The study also showed that respondents prefer to use trees like Butyrosopermum paradoxium, Dialium guineense, Terminalia glaucencens, Acacia species, no preference and Khaya ivorensis. Other species used in the study area in little quantity include Vitellaria paradoxa, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Bridelia ferruginea, Terminalia spp, and Pericopsis laxiflora. This is because of the unique features of these trees to produce good quality charcoal. The study listed the impacts of deforestation to included loss of livestock pastures (22%), soil erosion (14%), loss of biodiversity (8%), loss of wild food/fruits (4%), loss of medicinal plants (4%), and flash floods (12%). In conclusion, this activity (production of charcoal) will continue to take alarming directions due to the rising demand of charcoal for domestic uses in urban areas of the State and Nigeria as a whole. Therefore, the degraded land could be used to plant fast-growing species for charcoal production to minimize the impact of charcoal production on natural forest.

Keywords: Charcoal, Deforestation, and Forest degradation

MANGENA’S EMOTIONAL DEFENCE OF ETHNO-PHILOSOPHY: A CRITICAL RESPONSE

IKECHUKWU ANTHONY KANU

Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Tansian University, Umunya

Abstract

In a paper which the researcher published in 2013 with the title “Trends in African Philosophy: A Case for Eclectism” in “Filosofia Theoretica: Journal of African Philosophy, Culture and Religion”, the researcher adopted the Igwebuike approach which explores methods and principles for the mediation, coalescing and comprehension of the different units of reality: universal and particular, ideal and real, progressive and conservative, and in this case, the universalist and particularist trends of African philosophy. However, in the same journal of the edition of January-June 2014, Fainos Mangena wrote a work he titled: “In defence of ethno-philosophy: A brief response to Kanu’s electism” as a reaction to the researcher’s article of 2013. Seven years after, the researcher has decided to write a response to the reaction of Fainos Mangena arguing that the future of an African philosophy that we can all be proud of cannot be found within the parameters of narrow-mindedness. The researcher, therefore, insisted on the need to expand the parameters of the narrowness of ethno-philosophy. It is through this expansion that the researcher believes that the African people can arrive at a philosophy that will not only compete with philosophies all over the world but one that the African scholar can be proud of. This does not in any way intend to undermine African philosophy but rather points to a process of growth for every field of human endeavour.

Keywords: Ethno-Philosophy, Universalistic, Particularistic, Eclectism, African Philosophy

ACHIEVING CUSTOMER DRIVE OBJECTIVE THROUGH EFFECTIVE PUBLIC RELATIONS IN BANKING OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA

KEHINDE, SAMSON OLADEJO¹; ABDULLAHI, NDAGI YAKUB² & BELLO, BABATUNDE SIKIRU³

Department of Banking & Finance, Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State^1. Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State^2&3

Abstract

This study is predicated on the achievement customer drive objective by banking operations by means of effective Public Relations (PR) in Nigeria with focus on Guarantee Trust Bank (GTB), Minna Niger State Operation Office. The population of the study comprises of the staff and customers of GTB Minna which stood at 230. The study adopts non-probability sampling technique to study a sample size of 230 (30 staff and 200 customers) which were randomly selected using. A major finding shows that majority of the respondents strongly agreed that PR in Deposit Money Banks is an active and effective strategy that guarantees competitiveness and customer satisfaction, also that customers are sensitive to workers’ attitude when they visit the Bank. In conclusion, evidence shows that public relations play vital role in promoting and improving the quality of services rendered by Deposit Money Banks. It is therefore recommended among others that organization should understand the best target audience for their public relations activities and they need to understand more about their customers. Also, Banks should increase their budget to the public relations department so as to be more effective in carrying their responsibilities effectively.

Keywords: Achieving; Customer; Drive; Objective; Effective; Public Relations; Banking; Operations.

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS IN BUDGETING PUBLIC FUND FOR CRITICAL INFRASRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION IN DEVELOPING WORLD

*OBIAH MMADUBUIKE EMMANUEL; *ADIOHA, N.F.; & **MBAERI, C.C.

*Department of Accountancy, Imo state Polytechnic, Omuma (Mbano Campus), Imo State, Nigeria. **Department of Banking and Finance, Imo state Polytechnic, Omuma (Mbano Campus), Imo State, Nigeria

Abstract

The study examined the cost-benefit analysis in budgeting public fund for critical infrastructure transformation in the developing world. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population was chosen from the staff of ministry of finance, budget office and economic planning of Imo state, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was administered to 50 (fifty) respondents selected through purposive and simple random sampling. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) 20.0 was used as method of data analysis, and multiple (ordinary least square) regression techniques to test the explanatory variables relationship with the dependent variable. The study conducted also descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. The analysis revealed that the various variables are negative, which means the government does not consider cost-benefit analysis in the budgeting of public fund for critical infrastructural transformation. There is poor policy formulation, inefficient deployment of budget resources, execution of allocated resources. The F-stat value of 23.454 is significant at 5% as P<0.05 and confirms statistical significance of the model and that significant linear relationship exists between the independent and dependent variables. The study therefore, concluded that, there was absence utilization of cost-benefit analysis in the budget formulation process and budgeting of public fund for critical infrastructural transformation in the developing world. The researchers recommended that for proper provision of critical infrastructure in the developing world, cost-benefit analysis must be considered in budgeting public fund.

Keywords: Cost-Benefit Analysis, Budget, Public Fund, Infrastructure

ACCESSIBILITY OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA FOR LEARNING GEOGRAPHY IN A COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AT BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

YAHAYA JOEL HUSSAINI

Department of Curriculum and Instructions, School of Education, Aminu Saleh College of Education Azare, Bauchi State

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the accessibility of electronic media for learning Geography in Aminu Saleh College of Education Azare, Bauchi State. Two Research questions and one hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation. The researchers employed the descriptive survey research design with a sample of 118 from a population of 596 Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) students of Geography Department, Aminu Saleh College of Education Azare. Check list and structured questionnaires were used as instrument of data collection. 1 check list and 118 questionnaires were distributed to the students; 118 questionnaires were returned. Data collected were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics (mean score and standard deviation), ANOVA and T-test. Findings showed that electronic media devices such as internet satellite television, interactive white board, fax machine and computer are of small quantity which poise as a challenge for learners of geography while other electronic media devices such as Radio, Television and Multimedia projector are of high quantity for learning Geography in the study area. Base on this finding the study made the following recommendations; the State Government should make adequate procurement and provision of electronic media to the Institution, in addition the state government should liaise with donor agencies on the enhancement of the Educational system, so as to make electronic media sufficient in our Institutions of learning.

Keywords: Electronic Media, and Learning Geography.

EVALUATION OF RISK ATTITUDE AMONG SMALL SCALE SOYBEAN FARMERS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

ABDULRAZAQ S. A.¹; AUGUSTINE D. B.²; & YOROKI J.T.²

¹Department of Agricultural Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. ²Department of Co-operative Economics and Management, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna.

Abstract

This research investigated the analysis of risk attitude among small scale soybean farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria, with the aim of classify risk attitude and generating reliable information on the determinants of risk attitude of the decision-making behaviour of soybean farmers. Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed in selection of 210 soybean farmers. Safety first model of risk aversion and Tobit regression model were used to analysis risk attitude and factors influencing risk attitude of soybean farmers respectively. Some of the important findings from research are: the results showed that risk aversion centred on (1.33). This implies that soybean farmers in Kaduna State were risk preferring (that is high risk). Also, results obtained show that 1.43%, 20.95% and 77.62% of soybean farmers were low, medium and high risk attitude, respectively. The results of determinants of risk attitude revealed that among soybean farmers in Kaduna State, the variables that were significant include year of experience in soybean production at p<0.01, major occupation at p<0.1, cooperative society at p<0.05, off-farm activities at p<0.1 and technical efficiency at p<0.05. The implication of these findings revealed that these major determinants had great impact on the risk attitude among soybean farmers in the study area. Also, technical efficiency is one of determinants of risk attitude in the study area.  The study concluded that the majority of soybean farmers are risk preferring and soybean is an important cash crop in the study area. The study recommended among others that soybean farmers in the study area should create better marketing information systems for efficient input procurement and output disposal.

Keywords: Risk attitude, soybean farmers, Safety first model of risk aversion, Tobit regression.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS ON SALMONELLA TYPHI, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, ESCHERICHIA COLI, CANDIDA ALBICANS AND ASPERGILLUS SPECIES

DENNIS D.YAKUBU; & MANASSEH M. KATSA

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Isa Mustapha Agwai 1 Polytechnic, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Essential oils (Eos) are volatile oils extracted from aromatic plants. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus leaves against selected bacteria, (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (Aspergillis species and candida albicans) was carried out. Extraction of Essential oil was done by steam distillation. The Antimicrobial sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration were determined using Agar well diffusion method to obtain zone of inhibition on Muller-Hinton Agar and potato dextrose agar. Gentamycin was used as positive control, while diamethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as negative control. Results of this study revealed that essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus, has antimicrobial activity against test organisms. Zone of inhibition ranges from 12mm to 29mm with Aspergellus species lowest (12mm) while S.aureus highest 29mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ranges from 20.50mg/l to 32.50mg/l. The study indicated that essential oil from E.globulues exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. It is recommended that further study be done to explore its potential for preparation as antimicrobial drug for treatment of infectious diseases.

Keywords: Essential oil, Antimicrobial, Eucalyptus globules, Minimum inhibitory concentrations, sensitivity.  

EFFECT OF JOB STRESS ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA, ABUJA – NIGERIA.

¹AHMED ALIYU TANKO, ²AHMED ALIYU TANKO, ³ABDULRAHMAN YUSUF

¹Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State – Nigeria. ²Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State – Nigeria. ³Department of Humanities and Social Sciences^, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State – Nigeria.

Abstract

Employees in an organization are unique assets that can be proud of adding value to the organization diligently to enhance general activities by coming up with something good and unique however, this is often not achieved in University of Abuja because job stressors like low self-esteem, workload, depression and anxiety have influenced the performance employees in University of Abuja with an alarming increase of economic consequences. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of job stress on the performance of employees in University of Abuja. Survey method was used and data was collected using a well structure questionnaire which was analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Chi-square to test the formulated hypotheses. A population of 4,500 employees and a sample of 367 respondents were drawn using Yamane’s (1967) simplified formulae. The findings showed that low self-esteem, workload, depression and anxiety were positively affected the performance of employees in University of Abuja. The study concluded that job stressor significantly affects employees’ performance in the institution. The study concludes that job stressor significantly affects employees’ performance in the institution. Based on the findings, the study recommends that management of the institution should encourage creativity and innovation to reduce low self-esteem through research witting, training, delegation of authority and timely payment of allowances to curtail the stressors. Qualify and professional employee should be employed to reduce the workload and give room for contributions when there is a changes on the technology in use to improve performance. Recreational centre should be upgraded by the management of the institution for relaxation to alleviate depression and anxiety and encourage employee to go for annual leave.

Keywords: Employee, job, performance, stress and stressor.

THE EFFECTS OF ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS ON TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG BAUCHI STATE MASS TRANSIT CORPARATION, NIGERIA

AHMAD MUHAMMAD JARMAJO^A, MUKHTAR SHEHU ALIYU^B, AHMAD. A. MAIYAKI^C, DAHIRU MOHAMMED YOLE^D

^aDepartment of Business Education, School of Undergraduate Studies, Aminu Sale College of Education, Azare, Bauchi, Nigeria. ^b&cDepartment of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. ^dDepartment of Banking and Finance, ModibboAdama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria.

Abstract

Turnover issue is a general or global phenomenon to all organizations, as it has become common in many organizations This research was aimed at exploring the effects of organisational factors on turnover intention. Based on a population of 270, the study arrived at sample size of 160. Also, the study adopts simple random  sampling technique in selecting the samples and data was collected from the respondents (Bauchi State Mass Transit Corporation Workers) using self administered questionnaire.  The study was analysed by the used of Smart PLS    in testing the proposed relationships. The result revealed that a positive and significant relationship exist between Perceived Politics Organisation and Turnover Intention. Also a strongest significant relationship exists between Training and Development and Turnover Intention. Finally, Compensation Practices exposed a significant influence on Turnover Intention. Therefore, it was established that fair organizational politics, greater Training and Development and presence of Compensation Practices initiatives within an organization both contribute to the reduction of turnover intention of mass transit workers. Several implications of the research were provided.

Keywords: Perceived Organisational Politics, Perceived Training and Development, Perceived Compensation Practices, and Turnover Intention, Mass Transit Corporation, Bauchi State Nigeria

THE IMPORTANCE OF GOOD ETHICS AND MORALITY IN ISLAM; A QUR’ANIC PERSPECTIVE: )A case study of Surat al-Hujurat: Chapter 39 of the Glorious Qur’an(

*ABDURRAHMAN DAHIRU BELLO; **SHAFA’ATU HARUNA; & **AISHATU SHUAIBU

*School of Arts and Social Scciencess, A.D.R College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State. **School of Remedial and Continuing Education, A.D. College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This article is an attempt to study Surat al-Hujurat the 49^th Chapter of the Glorious Qur’an: this Chapter is really a very important one to the life of a Muslim, because the Chapter contained some important lessons and teachings that a directly dealing with daily social behaviours of any given community. The surah begins with a call to Muslims to make a total submission to the will of the Almighty Allah and to the decision of the Prophet peace and blessings of Allah be on him. Then the surah further take into some lessons that include the condemnation of some bad attitudes are mainly responsible for a lot of misunderstandings and social conflicts the used to be witnessed between people. The surah also encourages Muslims in strong terms to work together as brothers and to embrace one another and to offer help and assistance of different kind to one another.

Keywords: Importance, Ethics, Morality, Perspectve, Hujurat.

BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE IN NIGERIA CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

TORIOLA-COKER O L^1*, OMOKUNGBE O¹, YEKINI A¹_, AYODELE-OJA S^2,

^1.School of Engineering, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba Lagos. ^2.School of Environmental, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba Lagos.

Abstract

There is a growing body of literature that recognises that adoption of sustainable construction practices but the desired traction of practicing the exercise is not gaining vital recognition. Despite its importance, the practice of sustainable construction has not received much attention in developing countries, such as Nigeria. The current research aims research aims at providing insights on the measures to improve and advocate for sustainable development in Nigeria construction sector. A quantitative approach was used for the study and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the professionals and other stakeholders. A descriptive method was used in analysing the collected data. Among the highly ranked sustainability barriers to construction practice are poor sustainability education in academic institutions, lack of incentives for designers to facilitate sustainable design, ignorance of lifecycle cost benefits, sustainable construction regarded as low priority and other issues take priority, and resistance to cultural change in the industry. Taken together, there is a need to improve the knowledge of professional on sustainable construction through training programmes in Nigeria. The research recommends that the construction industry must accurately tackle these barriers by putting in place the following: Financial barrier, Management and leadership; Cultural barriers, Technical barriers, Technological barriers, Political barriers and Awareness barriers.

Keywords: barriers, construction practices, developing countries, sustainability

HUMAN RESOURCE ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC SERVICE OF DEVELOPING WORLD

*OBIAH MMADUBUIKE EMMANUEL; & **ONWUMERE CHINASA

*Department of Accountancy, Imo state Polytechnic, Omuma (Mbano Campus), Imo State, Nigeria. **Department of Business Administration and Management, Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma (Mbano Campus), Imo State, Nigeria

Abstract

The paper examined artificial intelligence in human resources accounting disclosure and the need to present this important asset in the financial statement which can be reflected as part of government financial performance. The study employed descriptive design. Thus, it is exploratory in nature based on extensive review of relevant literature on artificial intelligence, and human resources accounting. The findings revealed that artificial intelligence is gradually taking over certain areas of public service and most ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) have failed to recognize them in the financial statement as required. The paper therefore, recommended among others that human resource available in the public service should be rightly assessed and should be further developed through motivational training and development, and perception to the needs of the MDA concerned. This will help to determine the financial performance of the government as it will reflect in the financial statement. Again, artificial intelligence is redirecting human capital in the public service, so the cost of acquiring artificial intelligence and human capital in the public service should be reflected in the financial statement of the government. Further studies can be empirically done on this topic to establish the relationship between the variables.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Human Resource Accounting, Public Service

DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF LIMITED ACCESSIBILITY TO COMPUTERS AND BARRIERS THAT IMPEDE THE UNDERSTANDING OF COMPUTER INSTRUCTIONS IN THE TRAINING OF ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIAN POLYTECHNICS.

SAMUEL PETER

Department of Architectural Technology, College of Environmental Studies, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State.

ABSTRACT

The benefits of training architectural students using computers as ‘pencil’ can never be overemphasized. The traditional pencils have been replaced with computers. The replcaement has the potential of improved efficiency and effective architectural outcomes. However, not all staff and students have access to computers and find the softwares friendly for teaching and learning purposes. To determine the extent of these challenges, questionnaires were administered to all the staff that teach Higher National Diploma (HND) students of Architectural Technology Department, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria. Because of the need for comprehensive study of the problem, the total population of staff (seven lecturers) were engaged in the research. The data collected was analysed using the mathematical formula Part/whole X 100% to find percent proportion. The analysed data suggested that the staff do not face challenges in understanding computer instructions. However, the research found out that staff have challenge with the few number of functional computers that are not accessible to them at all times of needs.

KEYWORDS: Barrier; Computer Instruction; Limited Accesibility; Software; Training

PRODUCTION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOCALLY MADE ERASABLE MARKER INK AND COMMERCIALLY MADE WHITE BOARD MARKER INK

BULUS, CALEB LARAPS.

Department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT), THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BAUCHI.

ABSTRACT

This research was aimed at producing erasable ink from locally sourced charcoal that can compete favourably with available commercially made white board marker ink. The ink was produced by mixing gum Arabic, ethanol, charcoal, deionised water and phenolphthalein thoroughly and heating the mixture to 60 ⁰C. The ink was then cooled and strained using a filter cloth. Two different ink formulations A and B were produced and subjected to physiochemical analysis to ensure that it conformed to standard. The results obtained were pH (5.5 2.2, and 4.3), viscosity (0.001147Ns/m², 0.00095 Ns/m², 0.003013 and 0.00924Ns/m²) and drying time (2.21 sec., 2.21sec., 9.04sec, and 15.46sec) respectively for samples A, and B. Samples A  had the best properties regarding drying time, viscosity, eligibility and erasability. The concentration of the various elements present in the ink is comparable with that of the standard ink available in the market.

PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF MINI-LIVESTOCK IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

¹ADAMU S. M. AND ²KUBKOMAWA, H. I.

¹Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 35, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. ²Department of Fisheries Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 35, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeri

ABSTRACT

Over the years, many large-scale/intensive government and donor-sponsored animal production projects in the tropics have proved to be unsustainable. Because of that, there is shortage of animal protein in Africa and Nigeria in particular. The broad objective of the study is to survey production and economic benefits of mini-livestock production in Adamawa state, Nigeria. The study used questionnaires, oral interviews and discussions to collect data. Data generated from the study was subjected to descriptive statistics such as tables, frequency distribution and percentages. Majority of the youths are the most engaged in the production of mini-livestock in the study area ages 10 to 40 years old with the highest recorded in Hong LGA (81%) while the least was from Mubi South LGA. Males are the predominant producers with Mubi South LGA recording the highest and lowest of 85% and 15% respectively. Rabbits, pigeons, grasshoppers and honey bees are the most popular in the study area. Mubi North and Ganye had the highest number of mini-livestock species with 8 each, followed by Mubi South (7) while Michika and Maiha had 6 each. There about 7 major economic benefits driven from the production of mini-livestock across the study area. The benefits include food, manure, income, research, raw materials, foreign exchange and medicine. This study will help in creating awareness on the economic importance and food provision value of mini-livestock, which was neglected for centuries. This will also be beneficial to the government in policy making on livestock and agricultural products for sustainable development in Nigeria and Africa at large.

Keywords: Production, Mini-Livestock, Sustainable Development, Adamawa State, Nigeria

NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL MEALS AND FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF PUPILS UNDER THE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

MUSTAPHA YUSUF DAUDA_, VICTOR N. ENUJIUGHA AND OLUWOLE S. IJAROTINI

¹Department Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria. ^2,3Department Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

School Feeding Programme – means provision of nutritious meal each day to pupils to attract them to school to enhance learning. To a hungry child, going to school is not as important as having enough food to eat. A well fed child is likely to concentrate more in the class than his/her counterpart on an empty stomach. The objectives of the study were to evaluate nutrient composition and food consumption pattern of pupil under the school feeding programe in Kano state, Nigeria. Cross-sectional study was conducted among school-children in Kano State Nigeria. Data on food consumption pattern of pupils at household level and parent’s occupation were collected using structured questionnaire. The school-meal samples were evaluated for amino acid profile, and proximate composition. The household food consumption patterns of the children indicated that 87% depend on starch-based foods, 50% considered legumes as their main source of protein, 43% foods of animals’ origin. 32% agreed on regular intake of fruits/vegetables while others occasionally. The occupation of the pupil’s parents (fathers and mothers) have been viewed as 14-30% of the pupil’s parents engaged in vocational jobs, 1- 23% were  famers, 14-20% civil servants, 24% – 41% business and lastly  4%- 11% were un employed. The school meals had high crude protein content. Arginine and histidine (the essential amino acids required for the growth of school aged children) was adequately enough in the meals. The protein content of the meals was adequately enough to promote growth of the pupils. High intake of plant protein and low animal protein was observed. However, the quantity of the meals given to the pupils seems inadequate. Hence, there is a need to improve on the quantity and quality of the school-meals. This finding may be relevant to health and educational policy makers in Nigeria.

Keywords: School-meal, feeding programme, nutrient composition, consumption pattern at household level, school children.

EFFECTS OF SCIENCE PROCESSTEACHING APPROACH ON PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN KADUNA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE.

SAMUEL-OKEY, FATUMA COMFORT

Department of Integrated Science, Federal College of Education Zaria, Kaduna State

Abstract

The study titled “Effects of Science process teaching approach on primary school pupil’s performance in basic science and technology in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna state” was carried out. The objectives are to determine the effectiveness of science process teaching approach on academic performance in basic science and technology also to investigate the effect of science process skills approach on male and female pupils’ academic performance in basic science and technology when exposed to science process teaching approach in Kaduna North Local Government Area. The instrument used was Basic Science and Technology Achievement Test (BSTAT) which was validated and with reliability coefficient of r = 0.75. The hypotheses stated were tested using t-test statistics at P  0.05 level of significance. Major findings of the study revealed that there is significant difference in the academic performance among primary school pupils exposed to science process teaching approach and those exposed to conventional teaching method in favour of experimental group. It was recommended that effort should be made by all stakeholders to discourage gender stereotyping. In view of this therefore, the home, the school and the society at large should encourage females to participate fully in skill-based activities within and outside school, and also enabling environment should be provided based on culture and belief of the society as with as capacity development of the teachers for effective delivery of the method. 

Keywords: Science, Process, Teaching, Approach, Academic, Performance.

DETERMINING THE DOMINANT ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE OF THE QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS IN KADUNA.

*KURE, B. A., ALUMBUGU, P. O. AND TSADO, A. J.

Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

Abstract

Currently, the organisational culture (OC) is treated as the key driver in making decisions in organisations and as a critical determiner of their effectiveness. Due to the lack of studies in OC assessment in Nigeria and particularly in  Quantity Surveying firms (QSFs), this study aimed to assess the dominant OC type based on the Competing Values Framework (CVF). A quantitative research approach was selected. The study’s target population was 40, which represents all registered quantity surveying firms practising in Kaduna State. A survey approach and a purposive sampling method were used to collect the data; while the sample size was 28. Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) was adopted to diagnose the organisational culture of QSFs in Kaduna state. The study results were plotted on a graph using the Radar Chart. The perceived current and preferred dominant  OC types were assessed, and actions were proposed. The results established that the perceived current dominant OC of the QSFs was ADHOCRACY culture, while the preferred dominant OC  was  MARKET culture. This article concludes by providing an understanding of the perceived current and preferred dominant OC types for QSFs in Kaduna state. This contributes to the body of knowledge with the areas of OC type and dimensions to be addressed for  Quantity surveyors, Academia, and other stakeholders to improve their firm’s productivity and cost-effectiveness.

Keywords : Organisational Culture, OCAI, CVF

PERFORMANCE OF HOUSING FINANCE THROUGH COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KADUNA, NORTHERN NIGERIA

MUHAMMAD UMAR BELLO¹, LAWAL USMAN NASARAWA¹ & HADIZA TIJJANI BELLO¹, SAKARIYAU JAMIU KAYODE¹

¹Department of Estate Management & Valuation, Faculty of Environmental Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi

Abstract:

The paper highlighted housing as an essential need of man, which is why it is described as a sine qua non of human living, the priority accorded the issue of housing is immense; to most governments, the availability of sufficient but basic housing for all is often stated as a priority for enhancing the social needs of the society. Habitable housing contributes to the health, efficiency, social behaviour and general welfare of the populace. Apart from providing man with shelter and security, housing plays a major role in serving as an asset. Commercial banks through their intermediation role engender economic development in every economy. Most studies divide the determination of commercial banks behaviors into two (2) categories that is: internal and external factors. The research approach adopted for this Study is the survey approach which is more of quantitative research. The sample frame for this study is 800 low income earners from the Kaduna State Ministry of Education. A sample size of 800 is 270.The sample size of this study is 270 Staff. Simple random sampling technique was adopted by the researcher in selecting study sample, because it allows for equal chances of the models or sample to be selected. The findings revealed that the interest rate is adequate is the item that rank first, while to obtained loan from commercial banks rank second on the adequacy of cost of housing finance by commercial bank in the study area. It was recommended that allocation for housing sector should be increased to enhance housing purchase and renovation of existing structures. The federal government should subsidize the prices of building materials which may make the objective, ‘’housing for all’’ achievable. That is provision of houses for all Nigerians at an affordable cost.

Keywords: housing, commercial bank, low income earners, residential houses and civil servants.

APPRAISAL OF MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF BENUE STATE UNIVERSITIES BUILDINGS

EDOH ADAH AND ANIFOWOSE, OPEYEMI MAROOF

^{1, 2,} Department of Quantity Surveying, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The study assessed the building maintenance practises employed in universities in Benue State with the view of suggesting measures for effective maintenance management practises in these institutions. Data was collected from 185 members of the sampled institution’s staff and students, with an 89% response rate. A purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. The analysis of the data was carried out with the use of percentage, mean item score, and Spearman rank correlation. The study identified the current maintenance practises in Benue state’s public universities and renovations were agreed to be the most adopted form of maintenance practise with a (MS = 3.82). The study identified the most significant factor influencing the decision to carry out maintenance work on buildings in Benue State Universities as faulty design (MS = 3.29). The result of the Spearman rank correlation analysis is presented as positive and slightly strong (0.485). The correlation was therefore found to be significant at a 1% (0.01) level of significance (p = 0.00). It can therefore be concluded that a lack of maintenance culture on the part of both governments, maintenance managers, and building users’ maintenance in the study area results in the deferred maintenance of academic buildings in public universities in Benue State. The major recommendations from the study were that the school’s management should employ qualified maintenance personnel to be in charge of maintenance-related issues and that both the management and users should be sensitised to the proper use of public facilities.

Keywords: Maintenance, Management, Practices, Universities Buildings, Benue State.

UMEZINWA’S DENIAL OF GLOBALISATION AS A PROCESS AND MODALITY OF BEING: A CRITICAL RESPONSE

IKECHUKWU ANTHONY KANU

Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Tansian University, Umunya

Abstract

The present paper is a response to the work on “Globalization in Africa: A critical reflection on Kanu’s concept of globalization as a Process” published in AMAMIHE: Journal of Applied Philosophy (20. 1. 206-224) by Dr. Umezinwa. This paper is supposed to be a response to a chapter the present researcher contributed to and a book edited by Umezinwa titled “African philosophy: A pragmatic approach to African problems”. In this book, the present researcher wrote on “Globalization, Globalism and African Philosophy”. Contrary to the present researcher’s view of globalization as a process and a modality of being, Umezinwa argued that globalization is man-formulated policy and not an ontological reality. He argued that it is factitious and propagated through the shenanigans of its originators, the West. He, therefore, called on Africans particularly to be wary of its chameleon-nature, comparable to a Trojan horse. In this paper, the researcher argued that Umezinwa has not been able to prove that globalization is not a process or a modality of being; he has only succeeded in the denial of his being as a globalizing being or reality. In his paper, he has only succeeded in proving that he is a being that globalizes with no consciousness of globalizing. The present research, therefore, still holds that Africans have a responsibility to globalize. The method of research employed in this piece is the critical, Igwebuike (an indigenous holistic approach) and systematic approaches.

Keywords: Globalization, Umezinwa, Africa, Modality of Being, Philosophy, Process, Kanu

PERCEIVED IMPACT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KADUNA SOUTH LGA

*REV. FR. DR. BAHAGO SAMAILA; **MR. BAYO MICHAEL FADIPE; ***ASEMOTA RUTH; & ****EBERE, ANASTASIA T.

*Department Educational Foundations, Veritas University, Abuja **Department of Science, Faculty of Education, Veritas University, Abuja ***Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Abuja ****OLA Convent, Nnebisi Rd. Asaba,  Delta State.

Abstract

There is a decline in the academic performance of secondary school students despite the inclusion of guidance and counselling in school system in Nigeria. As a result, Guidance and Counselling services are of utmost importance to address the academic, vocational, personal and social needs of the students. The abilities, skills and desired personalities are harnessed through effective Guidance and Counselling programmes. Accordingly, the study investigated the impact of guidance and counselling services on the academic performance of secondary school students in Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A student sample of 200, drawn from four Secondary Schools in Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna State was used. To give a direction to the study, two research questions were raised and one hypothesis was formulated. The research   was hinged on the social learning theory.  Descriptive survey research was adopted by the researchers. It focused on describing the variables in the study. The researchers adopted simple random sampling method for selecting the participants. A research instrument was adopted to obtain necessary information in respect to the subject. The collated data were analyzed using mean and t-test. The findings from the test of hypotheses revealed that guidance and counselling have a significant impact on academic performance (t=4.037 df=183; significant value p = 0.000 < 0.05). It was recommended amongst others that guidance and counselling should be encouraged and promoted in all secondary schools beyond what is obtainable on ground. School administrators should employ the services of trained counselors in guidance and counselling and those without qualification should be encouraged to participate in seminars, workshops and conferences in guidance and counselling

Keywords: Guidance and Counselling Services, Academic Performance, Students and perceived Impact

THE ROLES OF MANPOWER PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANIZATION

*AMINU SANI; & **ISMA’IL SALISU

*Department of Business Administration Al-Qalam University, Katsina **College of Higher Studied Alhuda Academy

Abstract

Manpower planning in an organization is one of the most important factors to consider, especially during the recruitment process. The specific objective of this research are to improve the roles and challenges for selecting staff who are unspecialized in their field, as well as to anticipate the impact of employee performance and appraisal in the organization. The nature of this paper is conceptual. The study identified the importance of manpower planning for employee performance in an organization, as well as the need for organizations to be very careful during any recruitment process in order to promote good staff selection. The purpose of this study is to investigate the full concept of manpower planning, its impact on organizations, and the rationale for its advocacy in organizations, which includes: lowering labor costs by identifying excess staff and avoiding overstaffing; recognizing available talents in the organization and designing training programs to enhance those talents. The study recommends that the organization should review their respective human resources departments and encourage the unit by providing whatever is needed to the managers, and also  organization’s managers are responsible for motivating and caring for the employees in the organization, and the organization is constantly training its employees on the division of labor in order to avoid a lack of manpower planning, and the organizational managers are responsible for implementing strategies and policies to support manpower planning in an organization.

KEYWORDS: manpower planning, human resources, the organization, management

CUSTOMER SERVICE AS IT AFFECTS PATRONAGE OF BANKING SERVICES IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA

KEHINDE, SAMSON OLADEJO¹; ABDULLAHI, IBRAHIM² & BABATUNDE SIKIRU³

Department of Banking & Finance, Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State¹ Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State^2&3

Abstract

The study seeks to examine the effect of customer service on the patronage of banking services with focus on residents of Area 1, Garki, Abuja. The study used survey design with simple random sampling method to select a sample size of 300 respondents of the study area who are bank customers. The choice of the method is to allow every resident in Garki equal chance of inclusion in the survey. Data for this study was analyzed using descriptive statistic and chi-square to test the formulated hypotheses which revealed that indeed, customer service has significant effect on patronage of banks. A major finding revealed that quality customer services have positive effects on the bank’s image thereby increasing its profitability. It was concluded among others that quality customer service indeed increases banks patronage and makes the customer to be a bank brand loyalist and publicize good image among current and potential customers of banks. Recommendations were made among which is that there is need for financial institutions to adopt the practice of quality customer service delivery and provide effective and reliable network service that will enhance efficiency of services provided by financial institutions not only in the Federal Capital Territory, but throughout Nigeria.

Keywords: Customer service; Affect; Patronage; Financial services; Federal Capital Territory.

MODIFICATION AND FABRICATION OF A MOTORIZED PORTABLEMULTIPURPOSE OIL EXTRACTOR

OLOGUNYE O. B¹.; ADEDEJI M. A².; ABDUMUMINI B¹.; OKPARA I.N¹.; AND AKINJOGBIN O¹

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. ²Department of Agricultural & Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract        

Modification and fabrication of a multipurpose but portable oil extractor for local farmers in the rural areas is the main focus of this study. Most rural farmers are still using manual methods of extracting oil with low efficiency and productivity apart from hygienic factor.  The machine was modified and constructed in the Department of  mechanical Engineering Technology Federal Polytechnic, Ede, using locally standard available durable materials to remove oil from oil-bearing agricultural nuts such as groundnuts, soya beans, melon, and neem kernels, among others. Fabrication processes entails, marking, slicing, welding, fastening, and fitting of selected standard accessible materials in accordance with international specifications. Functional components of the machine are; the frame, screw shaft with a barrel, the hopper, the crushing unit with two crushers, the prime mover (15 hp 3-phase electric motor), bearings, pulleys, and the extraction unit. Extractor was modified, fabricated and evaluated.Assessments were carried out using fairly roasted groundnut kernels standard. The efficiency andthroughput of the extractor were, 79.1% and 63.00 g/min, respectively. The machine has adjustable clearance in order to use it for different oil bearing seeds. The extractor cost about One hundred eighty seven thousand and seven hundred Naira(₦187,700.00).

Keywords: Groundnut, Extractor, Machine, Efficiency, Oil, Fabrication,

IMPACT OF TRAINING COST AND TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN SOME SELECTED FIRMS WITHIN BAUCHI METROPOLIS.

*BASHARI HADIZA; & **MOHAMMED RABIU MOHAMMED

*Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.**Department of Business Administration, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.

Abstract

To ensure efficient and effective service delivery training is needed to update and upgrade the skills, knowledge and experience of the employees of any organization, to achieve optimal operation, requires investment in training; employees should be equipped with the right skills which are acquired through intensive training. The success or failure of an organization depends largely on the performance of its employees. The main aim of this study was to examine impact of Training cost, and training need assessment on performance of employees. The study was quantitative and explanatory in nature, where a cross-sectional survey of 209 employees of 4 firms within Bauchi metropolis was carried out using proportionate stratified sampling, and structured questionnaires were distributed personally and with the aid of field assistants to the selected Staff. However, the data collected was analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 2.6. Similarly, Simple regression analyses of the variables (Training cost, and Training needs) show that training cost, and training need assessment a have positive and significant relationship with performance of employees. It was recommended that training budget of staff should be increased in subsequent year. Also, necessary steps should be taken to provide adequate training to the employees as per the need and nature of the job. Training programs should be linked with the employees’ promotions so that the training will help the employees to be motivated, which results in high performance. It is important to provide updated training materials to the employees free of cost or with a nominal charge.

Keyword: Training, Training need, Employees, Performance, Assessment, Motivation.

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (NIGERIA)

ASORE E. PATRICIA (Mrs)

Department of Marketing Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi.

ABSTRACT

The main objective of the paper is to examine the challenges and opportunities faced by export marketers in Nigeria. The supporting Objectives are as follows: to outline the major challenges faced by export marketers in Nigeria ,to proffer solutions to the challenges faced by export marketers in Nigeria, to outline  the products exported from Nigeria, to do a summary of Nigeria’s export markets, to highlight the opportunities available for those involved in International Marketing. Method wise, the paper is written from a descriptive perspective. The major objectives of international marketing are outlined. The issue of Comparative advantage which  describes the economic reality of the work gains from trade for individuals, firms, or nations, which arise from differences in their factor endowments or technological progress was addressed. Some key differences between domestic trade and international trade   were addressed and quite interesting too. A summary of Nigeria’s Export and import trade with her trading partners comprising the various values of goods/services traded with over the years was undertaken. From this it was discovered that for about five years Nigeria has had a continuous trade deficit of about minus 10billion dollars (-$10billion).The top ten agricultural produce exports from Nigeria were highlighted. .Ten major challenges  faced by  export marketers in Nigeria were highlighted, and they are  as follows: Getting reliable buyers for international deals, product sourcing and quality, source financing for the export contracts, payment challenges with the international buyers, issues with trade terms, local transportation system problems in Nigeria, Documentation and licenses, Export process with freight forwarding companies, Standardization and  Packaging. These are really quite enormous and shocking. Probable solutions were provided for the challenges faced by the export marketers. Opportunities for Export Marketers  in Nigeria were heighted. . The conclusion reached is that, since it is international trade that builds the world’s economy; by allowing the flow of goods and services between countries which  remains one of the most important drivers of job creation and prosperity, Nigeria either exports or she perishes. Amongst the various recommendations made include: To address  the challenge of getting buyers for Nigeria’s products abroad, exhibitions and trade fairs/ trade shows can be organized by some Nigerian exporters in big cities abroad that our products are exported to – like India, the U.S., china, France, Nether lands   and others where at least about a 100 or more Nigerian business persons will attend and exhibit their products . This will enable the importing companies abroad to attend and take a look at what Nigerian companies have to offer. This way the problem of not having buyers for Nigerian products will be solved; herby enabling the Nigerian companies/exporters to have buyers and trading partners. To take care of the multiplicity of agencies exporters have to deal with, government is the only one that can simplify it. It needs to bring all the agencies together in one centralized place, preferably near the ports and have a coordinating body to handle the whole export processes so that when exporters take their goods there, whatever clearance is needed  is done in one place and by one body; from documentation to inspection including the presence The NEPC,  the Customs , NAFDAC, and   the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON).

Keywords: International Marketing, Sesame seed, Open account, CBN, Freight forwarders, Packaging, Transportation

THE IMPLICATIONS OF COST REDUCTION ON THE PROFITABILITY OF THE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES OF CONSUMABLE PRODUCTS IN NIGERIA

AJIBOYE, OYEBISI ABENI

Department of Accounting, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora

ABSTRACT

In Nigeria, manufacturers of consumable goods largely rely on the company’s ability to develop and maximize their profit and reduce their production cost by employing cost control approaches. However, there are suspicions that many consumable products manufacturers are not aware of the implication of costs on their profit margin. Therefore, the present study examines the implication of cost reductions on the profitability of the manufacturers of consumable products in Nigeria. For methodological purpose, the study descriptive and inferential methods, taking twenty-six (26) foods and beverages companies in Nigeria represents the population of the study. The data on their profitability and control covers the periods of 2010 and 2020. Purposive sample techniques were employed to select the companies in consideration; this was done through the data collected from the annual report (secondary data). Data obtained were analysed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) statistics. The study indicated that the relationship between profitability and material cost was positive and significant. The study concluded that cost reduction and control has a significant effect on the profitability of the manufacturers of consumable products in Nigeria for the period of 2010 and 2020. It is thus recommended that companies policy makers and transaction advisors should be keen on making cost management policies to be applied since they greatly impact on financial performance of the company.

Keywords: Cost Reduction, Profitability, Manufacturers, Manufacturing, Quality Products and Raw Materials

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ASSAY OF BITTER COLA (Garcinia kola)

BULUS, CALEB LARAPS.

The Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Department of Science Laboratory Technology (SLT).

ABSTRACT

Phytochemical and anti-microbial assay of bitter cola (garcinia kola) was carried out using the crude extract obtained via hot extraction using soxhlet apparatus and cold extraction using glass ware and sensitivity tests conducted on the extract where the zone of inhibition diameters were  measured. Result of phytochemical screening  of hot and cold ethanolic extracts show that crude extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, fatty acid, free phenols and cardio-active, glycosides, steroids, saponins and tannins whereas the basic metabolite contained tannins, saponins and glycosides. The acidic metabolite gives results to tannin, flavonoids, phenols and carboxylic acid. The extracts show varying degree of anti-microbial activity, but crude extract exhibited its greatest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli with IZD of 32mm while the lowest activity was against Candida albicans with IZD of 21mm for their hot extract while for cold extract, its greatest activity was against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli with IZD of 36mm and 38mm respectively. This result show that active ingredients can be isolated from  bitter kola and standard drugs be compounded.

MINERAL COMPOSITION OF LOCAL SALT LICKS (TOKA) IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

¹ADAMU S. M. AND ²KUBKOMAWA, H. I.

¹Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 35, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. ²Department of Fisheries Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 35, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT 

The objective of the study was to determine some mineral composition of local salt licks (Toka) produced from crop residues in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Five (5) local salt blocks made from Maize cobs, Beni-seed straws, Sorghum stover, Cowpea husk and Maize stover were analyzed. The mineral contents were analyzed using Triple Acid Digestion Methods (TADM). The results showed that, local salt licks produced from crop residues majorly contained seven (7) macro-minerals namely: sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) and ten (10) micro minerals or trace elements namely: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iodine (I), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), fluorine (Fl) and chromium (Cr). The results further showed that, the local salt licks produced from crop residues had little or no heavy metals. All livestock require some percentage of mineral elements for cellular respiration, nervous system development, protein synthesis, metabolism and reproductive purposes. Macro and micro elements are important components of livestock ration which aid in the prevention of mineral deficiencies. Therefore, the local salt licks produced from crop residues could be used as mineral supplements to improve palatability and acceptability in animal feeds thereby, increasing sustainable livestock performance and productivity in the region. This could also conveniently substitute the un-sustainable imported, highly expensive mineral licks used for livestock production in the state and Nigeria as a whole.

Keywords: Mineral Composition, Salt Licks, Sustainable Livestock Production, Adamawa State, Nigeria

EVALUATION OF ACCOUNTING TEACHING AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ACCOUNTING: BAUCHI METROPOLIS IN PERSPECTIVE

*MOHAMME ADAMU HAMISU; *KULU, GAMBO; & **AUWAL, ABUBAKAR

*Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State. **Department of Business Education, Bauchi Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies, Bauchi, Bauchi State.

Abstract

This paper observed the extend of which accounting is been delivered as a subject in our senior secondary schools in Bauchi metropolis and the level of students’ achievement within the content of accounting in the area. The researchers used accounting curriculum for SS II, and compare it with the scheme of work prepared by the teachers which served as their area of coverage within the second term of the students from five selected public schools in the metropolis. After evaluating the record, the result of the evaluation shows that teachers don’t really cover the content area stipulated in the curriculum to be covered. For that, students were unable to achieve better in the subject after assessment. This is among the major factor that led to failure in accounting students’ academic achievement specifically in the two-examination conducted by NECO and WAEC. Studies has revealed that substantial percentage of students’ failure in final accounting examination were as a result of low coverage in the content area of the subject. The study takes a look into the tricky situation and recommend for the way onward to lessen the level of the problem.

Keywords: Evaluation, Accounting, Teaching, Student, Academic, Achievement.

CORRUPTION AS A FACTOR OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN PUBLIC SERVICE (A STUDY OF MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, AWKA ANAMBRA STATE)

ANYAEHIE JULIET CHIZOBA

Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State

ABSTRACT

This work is designed to discuss the impact of corruption as a factor of underdevelopment in public services focusing attention on ministry of education, Awka, Anambra State. As regards the above assertion, the data has been collected from the ministry both prima`ry and secondary. This is possible through the questionnaire formulated by the researcher. From the analysis and discussion necessary findings were made. Corruption as one of the major cause of underdevelopment has causes, consequences and solution. In view of this, it has been observed that major cause of corruption is the inability of the workers to meet up with their financial obligation with their salaries. This is why it has been found in all areas of the nation’s economy as a factor of underdevelopment, be that as it may, certain steps should as well be taken to alleviate and ameliorate the problems associated with corruption. Salaries and welfare packages of workers should be increased so that they can be able to meet up with their financial responsibilities. Though apart from poor salaries or wages, some members of the public also encourage corruption in public offices for examples, mainly due to impatience, or greediness, by not waiting for increment of their salary may be by promotion. Also government should organize seminars and workshops in the nation’s economy. Conclusively I, suggest that laws to be enacted and made on corruption so that anybody found engaging or partaking in the act should be presented and disciplined. 

CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTION OF PRODUCT PACKAGES AND SALES VOLUME OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS

OGUNDEJI, SUNDAY TOLULOPE; ABDULSALAM, ABDULMUTALIB ADINOYI & SALIHU, SHEHU

Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Bida

Abstract

This work is on consumers’ perception of product packages and sales volume of consumer products. The writers intend to focus on the sales of cosmetic products as a yardstick to establish whether there is relationship between sales volume and consumer perception of product value, know the impact that such perception has on the sales volume of goods and draw conclusion on the study. This study adopts survey design, the population of the study is made up of customers that use Rexona Deodorant, a cosmetic product of Unilever Nigeria Limited, who are estimated to be nine hundred and seventy-seven 977. The sample size of the study is 284, which was determined by Taro Yamane’s formula. In a major finding, majority of the respondents strongly agreed that product packaging significantly changes the perception of consumers and sales volume of cosmetic products. In conclusion, evidences show that printed information on product packages and colour are significant influencers of consumers’ purchase decisions. It was therefore recommended that marketers and producers should also ensure that their product packages are not deceptive and also ensure that printed information on products are correct and real.

Keywords: Consumers; Perception; Product; Packages; Sales Volume; Consumer Products

SPATIAL STATISTIC: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

*YUSUF MOHAMMED INUWA; **SHUAIBU MUHAMMED ADE; **MUSA SULAIMAN IBRAHIM; *ABDULAZIZ DAUDA; **ABUABAKAR JAMAL ABUABAKAR; ***AYUBA PETER; ****ALI  USMAN; & **SALIHU YAKUBU

*Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Abubakar Tatari Ali State Polytechnic, Bauchi State, Nigeria. **Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria. ***Department of  Geomatics, university of Maiduguri,Nigeria. ****Department of pure and applied physics, Federal University Wukkari,Taraba State, Nigeria.

Abstract:

There is quite a lot of advanced statistical analysis tools are improved depending on geographical information system (GIS). These tools basically deal with geographical distribution of a visible fact Include spatial association; pattern analysis, scale, zoning, geo-statistics, Classification, spatial sampling and spatial boundaries are especially difficult problem areas for further Research. Review the spatial statistics which help the researcher to understand pattern, relationship and trend of spatial data. To comprehensively conduct a review of several available techniques, models, frameworks and approaches for spatial statistics which help the researcher to understand pattern, relationship and trend of spatial data. We applied SLR (Systematic Literature Review) methodology, on 22 selected primary studies was been reviewed and thoroughly analyzed. Maps are very important tools in this process. They are used to visualize spatial data, to expose and recognize spatial distributions and relations. The development of GIS was changed method of those that working with spatial data in general to cartography approach and application. We realized that there is a high demand of additional explainalation of Spatial Statistics, because is n easier the researcher understands what type of and possible predict base on patterns, relationship and trend of data. And shed light on important decisions, and the ability to guide decisions in business, science, government, medicine, and industry.

Keywords:  contouring, interpolation method, kringing, visualization method Spatial Statistical Analysis; graphic representation of spatial data, Spatial Autocorrelation; regression, orthogonal function and singular value decomposition. A Systematic Literature Review.

EFFECTIVE SENSITIZATION OF NIGERIAN POPULACE TOWARDS ACHIEVING CREDIBLE ELECTIONS IN 2023 GENERAL ELECTIONS: AN APPRAISAL.

*VEN EGESI JONATHAN.C; **VEN SIMEON DURUJI (Ph.D); & ***DR (MRS )  NWEBO EZECHUKWUNYERE IJEOMA.

*Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji, P.M.B 1472 Owerri-Nigeria. **Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri. ***Department of Educational Foundation And Administration (A.I.F.C.E) Owerri.

Abstract

There is no reasonable person no matter where who will dispute the fact that Nigeria’s problem is practically and basically bad governance. This is brought about by bad leaders. It has been discovered over time that since the past few years Nigeria’s problem has worsened and seem to have gone out of hand. To say the least, the high level insecurity and attendant high cost of food stuff has been like the last nail on the coffin. All these boil down to the fact that Nigerians in the last general elections if not the two consecutive ones made wrong choices which has told back on them. The elections were simply marred by catastrophic campaigns, money politicking among others. On the other hand, the people seemed in the dark over the credibility of the candidates who contested for various positions. The various media platforms did not use their positions to intimate the people or masses on the abilities and credentials of the contestants at various levels.  The need for adequate sensitization of the people is hereby emphasized. Various data collection techniques as the interviews, journals, textbooks and the internet.  A sociological theory was adopted as theoretical framework for this work, thereafter, conclusion was made.

KEYWORDS: Effective sensitization, Nigeria, populace, Credible Election.

FABRICATION AND TESTING OF AN ELECTRIC OVEN

¹SUNDAY AYIGUN., ²WANTE P.H., and ³LATEEF LUKUMAN AKINTUNJI

¹Department of  Applied Physics, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, ²Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Physics Unit), Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, ³Department of  Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State.

Abstract

This research was carried out with the aim to fabricate and test an electric oven from locally available materials, with the objectives to fabricate electric oven for baking and cooking, electric oven that will be affordable compare to the ones obtainable in the market and to discourage deforestation in our communities. The materials used were metal plate 6.543mm, iron rod 12mm, welding electrodes, electric heat filament, mesh wires , connecting wires 4mm, temperature controlling device (analogue). The iron rods were used to construct electric oven frame in the form of a box with the provisions of inner walls where lagging materials was installed and finally electric welding was used to join the metal plates and the frame. The fabricated electric oven was tested and it was observed that it works with effectiveness and high performance from the result obtained.

Keywords: Electric oven, electric welding, Inner wall, Frame, electric heat filament

ARDUINO CONTROLLED SMART DOOR LOCKING SYSTEM USING FINGERPRINT INTERFACE

¹ALIYU BUBA DAHIRU, ²MOHAMMED SANDA MARIBE

¹Department of Computer Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, ²Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi.

ABSTRACT

This research work comprises a fingerprint-enabled smart and inexpensive door lock. The Atmel Atmega328p, a fingerprint sensor, a GSM module, a motor driver, and other hardware devices will be used to complete this study. The fingerprint sensor will be incorporated into the door panel, facing the outside of the door, to prevent outsiders from accessing the controlling system. The latches will be installed inside the door panel, where the thickness of the door will aid in latch strength. If you try to force your way in, we’ll deploy a few latches within the panel to distribute the force. The fingerprint sensor will take the user’s fingerprint and send it to the microcontroller for matching. If the print matches one of the microcontroller’s memory fingerprints, the latch will be locked or unlocked depending on the microcontroller’s present state. The buzzer will sound if the fingerprint is unfamiliar to the microcontroller, and the user will have to try again. If the system detects incorrect fingerprints five times at large, it will notify the owner, alerting him or her to a break-in. The system will also enter a secure mode, continuing to sound the buzzer to inform the neighbors that something is wrong. Once a known print is entered, the system will be reset.

Keywords: Fingerprint sensor; GSM Module; Motor Driver; AT 328 mega Microcontroller; Door panel; Latches; Buzzer.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEM NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR A MOBILE ROBOT IN AN UNKNOWN ENVIRONMENT

¹ALIYU BUBA DAHIRU ²MOHAMMED KABIRU HALIDU ³MOHAMMED SANDA MARIBE

^1,2Department of Computer Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. ³Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Due to their better mobility, autonomous mobile robots have potential uses in a variety of situations, including indoor, outdoor, industrial, undersea exploration, and many more. Mobile robot navigation relies heavily on obstacle avoidance and path planning. In this paper, a hybridized variation of AIS has been used to navigate a mobile robot, which switches between idiotypic network theory and clonal selection theory depending on the situation. This is a good countermeasure for getting out of concave-shaped obstacles like U traps and other local minima scenarios. Any robot navigational system’s goal is to get the mobile robot to its destination in the most efficient way possible, without colliding with any impediments. This article proposes an algorithm that leverages both the idiotypic network theory and the clonal selection theory of the artificial immune system to solve the problem of obstacle avoidance for mobile robots in an unknown environment. While the former is utilized for general navigation, the latter is used when there is a local minimum. In addition, the antibody concentrations were calculated using a modified version of Farmer’s equation for Jerne’s idiotypic network model. The proposed algorithm’s navigation simulation results are shown. The results shown that our method may successfully escape a variety of barriers, including local minima traps. A comparison of the suggested algorithm to a number of different algorithms is also provided. Finally, a physical robot is used to do experimental validation of the simulation results for the proposed approach.

Keywords: Mobility: Autonomous Mobile Robots: Artificial immune system, robot Navigation, Clonal selection theory: Obstacle avoidance, Path planning

QUALITY EVALUATION OF BISCUITS PRODUCED FROM WHEAT AND SWEET POTATO ENRICHED WITH AFRICAN YAM BEAN FLOUR.

SALAMATU IBRAHIM¹ AND DONALDBEN N. STEPHEN²

¹Department of Hospitality Management, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria. ²Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to add value to sweet potato based biscuits, the sweet potato was processed into flour; while the African yam-bean seed was sorted to remove the stones, dirt’s and unwholesome materials, washed, fermented in lime water, sundried, roasted and processed into flour and sieved. The African yam-bean flour was substituted at 00, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % into wheat and sweet potato composite flour were used for the production of biscuits. Functional, proximate composition of the biscuits, physical and sensory properties of composite biscuits were determined. Significance difference (P<0.05) was observed Bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and foaming capacity increased from 0.63 to 0.79 g/cm3, 1.24 to 211 g/g, 1.98 to 2.29 g/g and 1.60 to 2.09, respectively with an increase in the addition of African yam-bean and sweet potato flour. The crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, moisture and ash increase from 6.21 to 14.64 %, 3.58 to 4.97 %, 0.89 to 1.33 % and 4.10 to 4.76 %, 11.09 to 13.89 % and 1.36 to 1.98 % respectively; while the carbohydrate content of the biscuits decreased from 76.43 to 66.66 % respectively with increase in the addition of the African yam-bean and sweet potato flour. The physical properties of the composite biscuits such as the weight, thickness, diameter and spread ratio ranged from 7.58 to 9.38 g, 9.67 to 14.00 mm, 33.67 to 39.00 mm and 2.66 to 3.63 respectively. The average means scores for the appearance, crispness, taste, aroma and overall acceptability increase were observed. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the appearance, taste and aroma while there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the crispness and overall acceptability.

Keywords: protein; composite flour; proximate; physical properties; diameter

INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC BANKING SERVICES ON CUSTOMER’S SATISFACTION IN SELECTED MONEY DEPOSIT BANKS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA

¹AHMED ALIYU TANKO, ²YAKUBU SHEIK HALIRU, ³HASSAN AHMED AHMED II & ⁴NDAM DINDUL.

^{1 & 3}Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State – Nigeria ²College of Basics and Advance Studies Yelwa Yauri. ⁴Department of Business Management, College of Arts, Science and Technology Kurgwi, Plateau State – Nigeria.

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of electronic banking services on customer satisfaction in selected Money Deposit Banks (MDBs) in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. The study used survey method, data for the study were obtained through questionnaire to elicit information with the use of stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square was used to test the hypotheses. A population of 2000 customers of the selected DMBs and a sample of 333 respondents were drawn using Yamane’s (1967) simplified formulae. The findings showed that service quality, service interruptions, customer perception and service security have affected customer satisfaction to a very large extent while, service costs does not significantly affect customer satisfaction in the selected MDBs in FCT, Abuja. The study concludes that electronic banking services improves customer satisfaction in the selected MDBs FCT, Abuja. Based on the findings and conclusion, the study recommends that the management of the selected MDBs should improve on the awareness campaign to educate the public on electronic banking. Customer should always develop holistic digital framework and migrate their businesses to online platforms.

Keywords: bank, banking services, customer, customer satisfaction, electronic banking.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SELF OPERATED SINGLE PHASE CHANGE OVER SWITCH WITH VOLTAGE LEVEL MONITOR AND PHASE SELECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

KENNETH UGO UDEZE; & CHIEGBOKA JOSEPH EZEILO

Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko.

Abstract

Power supply in Nigeria and most developing countries of the world is anything but stable. This has adverse effects on the consumers of the electricity and the equipment that are operated from the mains sources of electricity supply in these parts of the world [1]. The main aim of any electric power supply in the world is to provide uninterrupted power supply at all times to all its consumers. Although, in developing countries like Nigeria, the electric power generated to meet the demands of the growing consumers of electricity is insufficient, hence power instability or outage. Power instability and outage in general does not promote development in the public and private sector of the country’s economy. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant power failure. These limit the development of industries, in addition, there are processes that cannot be interrupted because of their importance for instance, surgery operation in hospitals, transfer of money between banks and lots more. Power instability and outage in Nigeria creates a need for alternative source of power to back up the mains supply. A microcontroller-based automatic power changeover finds a wide application scope wherever the reliability of electrical supply from the utilities is low and it is used in areas wherever continuity of power supply is necessary, for switching to an alternative source from main supply and vice versa. This project is a design and construction of a microcontroller-based automatic power changeover, that means the automatic changeover switch will change to an alternative power supply (generator), and back to the main supply when it is restored. In this paper, we provide an automatic switching mechanism that transfers the consumer loads to a power source from a generator in the case of power failure in the mains supply. It automatically detects when power has been restored to the mains supply and returns the loads to this source while turning off the power from the generator set. This mechanism has been tested and we recorded a great result. It thus holds an important key in the provision of a continuous power supply through a near seamless switching between the mains supply and an alternative standby source like the generator set. The purpose of this project is to maintain constant supply to the main circuit that is being supplied by making-up for the time lapse or delay that usually accompanies the manual switching from one source to another. But every system has its pros and cons. Our proposed system is easy to implement and understand.

Keywords: Power Supply; Alternative Power Source; Direct current; IEEE; Change-over Switch; Generator, Microcontroller

ACHIEVING NEW INNOVATIONS OF SMART TOILET PRODUCTS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ODETOYE ADEOLA SUNDAY^a, BELLO MUSBAU ADEWUMI^b, KABIRU ZAKARI^c AND OSUNKUNLE ABDULMAGEED^d

^aDepartment of Architecture, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State. ^bDepartment of Architectural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Kwara state ^c&dDepartment of Architectural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi state

Abstract

No innovation in the past 200 years has done more to save lives and improved health than the sanitation revolution triggered by invention of the toilet. But it did not go far enough. It only reached one-third of the world. Looking critically at the present rate of progress, even reaching the goal of open-defecation-free Nigeria by 2025 through 2030 seems to be a far cry unless there are drastic shifts in the approach and strategy at all levels. Everybody is in need of – water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) to survive and thrive at all time and all places around the world. From the travails of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), WASH is the sixth goal that is important for health, nutrition, education and other outcomes for all and sundry. Despite many people have gained access to water and sanitation, and hygiene practices, much remains to be done as people still practice open defecation and majority do not have access to potable water. The purpose of this paper is to work on strategies of how to assess, plan, strategize, and implement WASH activities in Bauchi metropolis, how it has fared and the necessary adjustments needed in schools and health centres, private and public places. To overcome this challenge there is the need to shift from the use of local unimproved pit latrines to something more innovative and have suitable toilet designs that would not only be cost-effective, environment-friendly and easy to construct but also would be acceptable to people especially less privileged arise the concept of low-cost but high-quality toilets called ‘SMART TOILETS’. Also, the processes and procedures in assessing standard water provisions at all levels State, Senatorial Districts and Local governments will achieve safe hygiene practices for a collective responsibility, sustainable waste management and benefits to the Bauchi metropolis will be investigated. Such new innovations are evident at the methodology which entails qualitative analysis by both compare and contrast method using the typical toilet design levels iterations at the substructure, mid structure and super structure vis- a-vis the construction materials, technology and methods. It has been recommended that government and stakeholders should strictly enforce and implement the laws that will promote ‘Use The Toilet Campaign’ towards positive development in the state by providing more improved Smart toilets, safe potable water and basic hygiene practices towards a sustainable  development.

KEYWORDS: Education, development, hygiene, open defecation, smart toilet

IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY DECISION ON PROFITABILITY OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA

IKLIMATU ADAMU UMAR; AND JAMILU M.B. AHMED

Department of Accountancy, School of Business Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the impact of monetary policy decision on profitability of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Data for the study were gathered through Annual Reports and Accounts of the deposit money banks and Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria for the period of 2011-2020. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypothesis using the STATA 13. Findings of the study revealed that monetary policy rate (MPR), cash reserve rate (CRR) have no statistically significant impact on the return on capital employed of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Implying that an increase in MPR leads to a non-significant decrease in return on capital employed (proxy for profitability). It was also found that cash reserve ratio has an insignificant linear relationship with return on capital employed of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. This means an upward movement in monetary policy decision does not have any significant impact on the return on capital employed of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The research therefore recommends the need by the C.B.N. to ensure that adequate monetary policy rate is put in place to improve the significance in terms of safeguarding the impetus of monetary policy decision in the Nigerian economy. The study also recommends the need for managers of these banks to fully adhere to the CRR policy by organising more training and workshops to staff on the importance of preserving and adhering to the monetary policy decision for the effective and efficient operationalisation of the deposit money banks in the short-run and a better health: on banking industry in the long-run.

Keywords: Monetary Policy, Monetary policy Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio, Return on Capital Employed, CBN, DMBs